Izimbuzi zobisi zivame ukwenziwa zothando njengophawu lwempilo yasemapulazini e-bucolic, enezithombe zamadlelo amahle kanye nokukhiqizwa kobisi okunempilo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwalo mfanekiso omuhle kuneqiniso elivame ukufihlwa ekubonweni komphakathi - elokuxhashazwa nonya. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlolisisa izimpilo ezimnyama zezimbuzi zobisi, sikhanyisele izindaba ezihleliwe zonya lwasemapulazini oluqhubekayo embonini.
Ukuxhashazwa Nonya
Izimbuzi zobisi zibekezelela impilo ephawulwa ukuxhashazwa kusukela zizalwa kuze kube sekufeni. Izimbuzi ezinsikazi zimithiswa ngenkani ngokufakelwa amadlozi ukuze kugcinwe ukukhiqizwa kobisi, inqubo engase ihlasele futhi icindezele. Lapho sebezelwe, izingane zabo zivame ukuhlukaniswa nazo emahoreni ambalwa, okubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu komama nezingane. Ezinsikazi zibhekana nezinhlelo zokusengwa ezingapheli, imizimba yazo iphushelwe onqenqemeni ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zemboni.
Izimo zokuhlala zezimbuzi zobisi zivame ukudabukisa, kunezindawo eziminyene futhi ezingahlanzekile ezivame kakhulu emapulazini amaningi. Ukuntuleka kwendawo, umoya ongemuhle, nokungakwazi ukuthola ukudla namanzi ngokwanele kubangela ukuhlupheka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kwalezi zilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo ezijwayelekile ezifana nokufaka umsila kanye nokukhipha kwenziwa ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa, okubangela ubuhlungu nokulimala okungadingekile.
Ukulunyulwa kusenesikhathi
ukulumula ngaphambi kwesikhathi, umkhuba wokuhlukanisa amazinyane (izimbuzi zezingane) komama bazo kanye nokukhipha ubisi ngaphambi kweminyaka yokulunyulwa kwemvelo, kuyindaba ephikisanayo embonini yembuzi zobisi. Nakuba kungase kudingeke ukukhathazeka kwezempilo okufana ne-Johne's Disease noma i-CAE (i-caprine arthritis kanye ne-encephalitis), kuphinde kube nezinselele ezibalulekile enhlalakahleni yazo zombili izimbuzi (izimbuzi ezinsikazi) kanye nenzalo yazo.
Okunye okukhathazayo okuyinhloko mayelana nokulunyulwa kusenesikhathi ukucindezeleka okubeka kuzo zombili izinsikazi kanye nezingane. Ukulumula kuyinqubo engokwemvelo evame ukwenzeka cishe ezinyangeni ezi-3 ubudala, lapho izingane seziqala ukudla ukudla okuqinile eduze nobisi lukanina. Nokho, ezimbuzini ezithengisa imikhiqizo yobisi, amazinyane angase ahlukaniswe nonina lapho esenezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, okuphazamisa lokhu kuqhubekela phambili kwemvelo. Lokhu kwehlukana ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungaholela ekucindezelekeni kokuziphatha nangokomzwelo kokubili kwezilwane kanye nezingane, njengoba isibopho phakathi kukamama nengane sinqanyulwa kungazelelwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulumula kusenesikhathi kungaba nemiphumela elimazayo empilweni engokomzimba nasekukhuleni kwezingane. Ubisi luhlinzeka ngemisoco ebalulekile kanye namasosha omzimba abalulekile ekukhuleni nasekusebenzeni komzimba kwezimbuzi ezincane. Ukukhipha ubisi ngaphambi kokuba lulunyulwe ngokwanele kungalimaza umsoco futhi kubashiye besengozini yezinkinga zempilo njengokungondleki kahle kanye nobuthakathaka bokuzivikela komzimba. Ukwengeza, ukulumula zisencane kuncisha izingane ithuba lokufunda amakhono abalulekile ezenhlalo nezokuziphatha komama bazo, okuvimbela ukukhula kwazo kukonke.
Ukukhipha uphondo
Ukukhipha izimpondo, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi i-dehorning noma i-disbudding, kuwumkhuba ovamile embonini yembuzi yobisi ehlanganisa ukususwa kwezimpondo ezimbuzini ezincane ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezimpondo. Nakuba ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengesidingo ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha kanye nokunciphisa ulaka kanye nokulimala ezimbuzini, ukukhishwa kwezimpondo kuyinqubo eyimpikiswano enemithelela yokuziphatha nenhlalakahle.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokukhishwa kwezimpondo ezimbuzini zobisi ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kokubili abantu nezinye izimbuzi. Izimbuzi ezinezimpondo zingabeka ingozi yokuphepha kubasebenzi basemapulazini, abaphathi, nezinye izilwane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivalekile noma ngesikhathi sokuphatha okujwayelekile njengokusenga. Ukwengeza, izimpondo zingabangela ukulimala okubi kakhulu ngokuziphatha okunolaka njengokubhuquza ikhanda, okungase kuholele ekwephukeni kwamathambo noma amanxeba okubhoboza.
Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokukhipha uphondo ngokwayo ingabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu nokucindezeleka ezimbuzini ezihilelekile. Kuye ngendlela esetshenzisiwe, ukukhishwa kwezimpondo kungase kuhilele ukushiswa, ukusika, noma ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali efihlekile yezimpondo, konke okungabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu nokungakhululeki. Ngisho noma kwenziwa nge-anesthesia noma ukukhulula ubuhlungu, lezi zinqubo zisengabangela ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo kanye nengcindezi ezimbuzini ezincane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususwa kwezimpondo kuncisha izimbuzi ingxenye yemvelo nokusebenza kwe-anatomy yazo. Izimpondo zifeza izinhloso ezehlukene zezimbuzi, okuhlanganisa i-thermoregulation, ukuxhumana, nokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ukukhipha izimpondo kungaphazamisa lokhu kuziphatha kwemvelo futhi kungase kuthinte inhlalakahle kanye nokuphila kahle kwezimbuzi.
Izinkinga Zezempilo
Izinkinga zempilo ekufuyweni kwezimbuzi zobisi ziningi futhi zingathinta kakhulu inhlalakahle kanye nokukhiqiza kwezilwane. Kusukela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo kuya ekusweleni kokudla okunomsoco, izici ezihlukahlukene zinomthelela ezinseleleni zezempilo ezibhekene nezimbuzi zobisi kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokulima ezijulile nezibanzi.
Okunye okuvame ukukhathazeka ngempilo ekufuyweni kwezimbuzi zobisi izifo ezithathelwanayo. Izimbuzi zingenwa izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nezinambuzane, ezingasakazeka ngokushesha emhlambini futhi ziholele ekuguleni okukhulu nokufa. Izifo ezifana ne-mastitis, ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya embeleni, kungabangela ubuhlungu nokungakhululeki ezimbuzini ezithintekile futhi kubangele ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kobisi kanye nekhwalithi. Ngokufanayo, izifo zokuphefumula, ezifana nenyumoniya, zingathinta izimbuzi zabo bonke ubudala, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezigcwele kakhulu noma ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile.
Ukuhlasela kwezimuncagazi, okuhlanganisa izimuncagazi zangaphakathi njengezibungu nezimuncagazi zangaphandle njengezintwala nezibungu, nazo ziyizinkinga zezempilo ezivamile ekufuyweni kwezimbuzi zobisi. Ama-parasite angabangela izimpawu eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuncipha kwesisindo, isifo sohudo, i-anemia, nokucasuka kwesikhumba, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqiza kanye nenhlalakahle esengozini uma kungelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwezimuncagazi ezimelana nemithi kubangela inselele enkulu kubalimi abafuna izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo.
Ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco kungenye into ekhathazayo ekufuyweni kwezimbuzi zobisi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni eziqinile lapho izimbuzi zingase zidliwe ukudla okugxilile ezingenazo izakhamzimba ezibalulekile. Ukungondleki ngendlela efanele kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo, okuhlanganisa isimo esingesihle somzimba, ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kobisi, kanye nokungenwa kalula yizifo. Ukwengeza, ukuntuleka kwamaminerali afana ne-calcium ne-phosphorus kungaba nomthelela ezinkingeni ze-metabolic ezifana ne-hypocalcemia (imfiva yobisi) kanye ne-myodegeneration yokudla okunempilo (isifo semisipha emhlophe).
Izinkinga zempilo yokuzala, njengokungazali, ukukhipha isisu, kanye ne-dystocia (ukuzalwa okunzima), kungase kube nomthelela ekukhiqizeni kanye nenzuzo yemihlambi yezimbuzi zobisi. Izinto ezinjengokungondleki okwanele, izakhi zofuzo, nezinqubo zokuphatha zingathonya ukusebenza kokuzala, okuholela ekwehliseni izinga lokukhulelwa kanye nokungenelela okwandayo kwezilwane.
Ukuqwashisa kwabathengi kanye nokuzibophezela
Njengabathengi, sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekiseleni phambili noma ekuphonseni inselelo isimo esikhona sokufuywa kwezimbuzi zobisi. Ngokukushalazela ukuhlupheka kwalezi zilwane, sithethelela ngokungagunci unya olukhona embonini. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhetha kwabathengi ukwaziswa kanye nokumela izindlela zokulima ezilungile, sinamandla okwenza izinguquko eziphusile.
Ngenzenjani Ukuze Ngisize?
Ukucobelelana ngolwazi mayelana namaqiniso okufuywa kobisi, okuhlanganisa nezinselelo ezibhekene nezimbuzi zobisi, kungasiza ukuqwashisa nokukhuthaza ukuzwelana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngezingxoxo nabangane nomndeni noma ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana ukuze wabelane ngezindatshana namadokhumentari, yonke imizamo yokwazisa abanye ngemithelela yesimilo yokusetshenziswa kobisi inomthelela ekushintsheni okuhle.
Ukwengeza, ukusekela izinqubo zokulima zokuziphatha kubalulekile. Uma kungenzeka, funa amapulazi endawo noma abakhiqizi ababeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nezinqubo ezizinzile. Ngokukhetha imikhiqizo kule mithombo, usekela ngenkuthalo indlela enobuntu ezolimo zezilwane futhi uthumela umlayezo embonini ngokubaluleka kokuphathwa kahle kwezilwane.
Okokugcina, ukusekela izindawo zokulondoloza izilwane ezinikeza isiphephelo kanye nokunakekela impilo yonke ezilwaneni zasemapulazini ezihlengiwe, kuhlanganise nezimbuzi zobisi, kungenza umehluko obonakalayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngeminikelo noma ngomsebenzi wokuzithandela, ungakwazi ukufaka isandla ngqo enhlalakahleni yezilwane ezihlengiwe embonini yobisi futhi uzinikeze indawo engcwele ukuze ziphile ukuphila kwazo ngokuthula nangokunethezeka.
Ubisi Lwembuzi Alusenasimilo Njengobisi Lwenkomo
Umbono wobisi lwembuzi njengolunye ubisi lwenkomo olunokuziphatha okuhle uphonselwe inselelo uphenyo oluveza ukufana kosizi lwezimbuzi zobisi nezinkomo. Nakuba imikhiqizo yobisi lwembuzi ingase ithandeke kubathengi abakhetha ukugwema ubisi lwezinkomo ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, njengokungabekezelelani kwe-lactose noma ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimbuzi zobisi zivame ukubhekana nezinkinga zezenhlalakahle ezifanayo nezinkomo zobisi.
Uphenyo olwenziwa yizinhlangano ezifana ne-AJP (Animal Justice Project) lusikhanyisele ngezimo ezibhekene nezimbuzi zobisi emsebenzini wokufuya. Lolu phenyo lwembule izigameko zokuminyana nezimo zokuphila ezingahlanzekile, izinqubo ezivamile ezifana nokulunyulwa kusenesikhathi nokukhishwa kwezimpondo ezenziwa ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa okwanele kwenhlalakahle yezilwane, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezingane komama bazo ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Lokhu okutholakele kubekela inselele umbono wokuthi ubisi lwezimbuzi lunesimilo ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kobisi lwenkomo.
Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu izimbuzi zobisi kanye nezinkomo ukugxila kwezindlela zesimanje zokulima ubisi. Kuzo zombili izimboni, izilwane zivame ukuphathwa njengempahla, zingaphansi kwamazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza futhi zivalelwe ezinhlelweni zezindlu zasendlini okungenzeka zingahlangabezani nezidingo zazo zokuziphatha noma zomzimba. Ukugcizelelwa kokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi kungaholela ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kwezilwane, okuholela ezindabeni zezempilo kanye nenhlalakahle esengozini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukaniswa kwezingane komama bazo ngemva nje kokuzalwa kuwumkhuba ovamile kokubili izimbuzi zobisi kanye nezinkomo zokulima, okuhloswe ngazo ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi ukuze kusetshenziswe abantu. Lokhu kwehlukana kuphazamisa isibopho semvelo kanye nezinqubo zokukhulisa phakathi kukamama nengane, okubangela ukucindezeleka kubo bobabili abathintekayo. Ukwengeza, ukususwa okujwayelekile kwezimpondo kanye nemikhuba yokulumula kusenesikhathi kugcizelela ukufana phakathi kwezinselelo zezenhlalakahle ezibhekene nezimbuzi zobisi nezinkomo.
Ubisi Lwembuzi Alusenasimilo Njengobisi Lwenkomo
