Ukukhulelwa kuyinto eshintsha impilo futhi eyisimangaliso eletha injabulo nesasasa komama abakhulelwe. Nokho, lolu hambo alunazo izinselele kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukukhathazeka mayelana nomthelela wamazinga e-mercury ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Izinhlanzi ngokuvamile zaziwa njengomthombo onempilo wamaprotheni nama -omega-3 fatty acids , abalulekile ekukhuleni kombungu. Nokho, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zivame ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-mercury, insimbi enzima enobuthi engase ibe nemiphumela elimazayo kumama nomntwana. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-mercury kwabesifazane abakhulelwe angaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene zokukhulelwa, kuhlanganise nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi , kanye nokulibaziseka kokukhula. Lokhu sekudale ukukhathazeka okukhulayo phakathi kochwepheshe bezempilo kanye nomama abakhulelwe mayelana nezingozi ezingase zibe khona ezihlobene nokudliwa kwezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinkinga zokukhulelwa kanye namazinga aphezulu e-mercury ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlanzi, sihlole ucwaningo lwakamuva futhi sinikeze amathiphu okusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi eziphephile nezinempilo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
I-Mercury ezinhlanzini ithinta imiphumela yokukhulelwa.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi ezinamazinga aphezulu e-mercury ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaba nemiphumela elimazayo kumama nomntwana okhulayo. I-Mercury iyinsimbi enzima enobuthi engawela kalula i-placenta futhi inqwabelane ezicutshini ze-fetus, okuholela ezinhlobonhlobo zemiphumela emibi. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi amazinga e-mercury aphakeme kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ahlotshaniswa nezingozi ezengeziwe zokubambezeleka kokukhula, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, nezinkinga zokuziphatha ezinganeni zabo. Ukwengeza, ukuchayeka okuphezulu kwe-mercury kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi, nokuthuthukiswa kokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa. Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokufundisa abesifazane abakhulelwe ngobungozi bokudla izinhlanzi ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-mercury kanye nokugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezihlukile ze-mercury eziphansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela yokukhulelwa elungile.
Ubufakazi be-teratogenicity ye-mercury butholakele.
Uphenyo lwakamuva lwesayensi lwembule ubufakazi obuqand' ikhanda mayelana ne-teratogenicity ye-mercury. Ucwaningo olunzulu locwaningo olusebenzisa amamodeli ezilwane kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-in vitro kubonise ikhono le-mercury lokudala ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo ekukhuleni kwemibungu. Lokhu kukhubazeka kuhlanganisa ukungahambi kahle ekuthuthukiseni izitho zomzimba, ukukhubazeka kwamathambo, nokuphazamiseka kokukhula kwe-neuronal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwe-epidemiological lunikeze ubufakazi obuningi obuxhumanisa ukuchayeka komama ku-mercury ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuzalwa kwezingane ezizalwa. Lokhu okutholakele kusikhanyisela ngezindlela ezithile i-mercury esebenzisa ngayo imiphumela ye-teratogenic futhi igcizelela isidingo semithetho eqinile yokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwe-mercury, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kulo mkhakha lubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwe-mercury nokuthuthukiswa kombungu, okugcina kuvumele ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela eziphumelelayo zokuvikela impilo kamama nengane.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphe ukudla kwezinhlanzi.
Kubalulekile ukuthi omama abakhulelwe baqaphe futhi baqaphe ngokucophelela ukuthi izinhlanzi abazidlayo yini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Izinhlanzi ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengomthombo wokudla okunomsoco, ocebile ngama-omega-3 fatty acids kanye nezakhi ezibalulekile ezisekela ukukhula kwengane. Nokho, izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi zingase zibe namazinga aphezulu e-mercury, i-neurotoxin enamandla. I-Mercury ingawela kalula i-placenta futhi inqwabelane ezicutshini zengane, okungase kuholele emiphumeleni yokukhulelwa engemihle kanye nezinkinga zokukhula kwenzalo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bakhethe izinhlanzi ezinamazinga aphansi e-mercury, njenge-salmon, sardines, ne-trout, kuyilapho begwema izinhlanzi ezine-mercury ephezulu njengoshaka, i-swordfish, ne-king mackerel. Ukuqapha njalo ukudliwa kwezinhlanzi kanye nokulandelwa kweziqondiso ezimisiwe kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuchayeka kwe-mercury futhi kunciphise izinkinga ezingaba khona zokukhulelwa.
Amazinga aphezulu e-mercury alimaza i-fetus.
Ukuchayeka ngokweqile kwe-mercury ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubangela usongo olukhulu empilweni yengane. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi kwamazinga aphezulu e-mercury kanye nemiphumela yokukhulelwa emibi. I-Mercury ingaphazamisa ukukhula okuvamile kwesimiso sezinzwa somntwana, okuholela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo nokuziphatha kamuva ekuphileni. Ukwengeza, kungaphazamisa ukwakheka kwezitho ezibalulekile nezinhlelo, okwandisa ingozi yokukhubazeka kokuzalwa kanye nokulibaziseka kwentuthuko. Kubalulekile ukuthi omama abakhulelwe baqaphele ingozi engaba khona ehlobene nokudla izinhlanzi ezingcoliswe amazinga aphezulu e-mercury futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokudla kwabo ukuze bavikele inhlalakahle yengane yabo engakazalwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi kuhlobene nezinkinga.
Ubufakazi obusafufusa bubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi, nakuba ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengengxenye enenzuzo yokudla okunempilo, kungase kuhlotshaniswe nezinkinga ezithile ekukhulelweni. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luye lwagqamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nobungozi obungaba khona bamazinga aphezulu e-mercury atholakala ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinhlanzi. I-Mercury, i-neurotoxin enamandla, iye yaxhunyaniswa ezingozini ezengeziwe zokuphazamiseka kwe-neurodevelopmental kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo ezinganeni ezivezwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lezi zinkinga zingase ziphakame ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwe-mercury ezinhlanzini, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphakeme kakhulu kunochungechunge lokudla. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane abakhulelwe bayelulekwa ukuba baqaphele futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nezinhlobo nenani lezinhlanzi abazidlayo ukuze banciphise izingozi ezingaba khona kuyilapho bezuza izinzuzo zomsoco ezihlobene nokudliwa kwezinhlanzi. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lugunyazwe ukucacisa izindlela ezinembile eziyisisekelo zokuhlobana okubonwayo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi kanye nezinkinga zokukhulelwa, kanye nokusungula imihlahlandlela esekelwe ebufakazini bokuthi uphephile futhi ufanelekile ekudleni izinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ingozi yobuthi evela ekudleni kwasolwandle.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba ukudla kwasolwandle kuwumthombo obalulekile wemisoco ebalulekile efana ne-omega-3 fatty acids, kukhona futhi ingozi engaba khona yobuthi ehambisana nemikhiqizo ethile yokudla kwasolwandle. Le ngozi ngokuyinhloko isukela ekubeni khona kokungcola kwemvelo, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-mercury, ama-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), nama-dioxin. Lokhu kungcola kunganqwabelana ezicutshini zokudla kwasolwandle, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezingaphezulu kweqoqo lokudla. Ukusetshenziswa kwale mikhiqizo yokudla kwasolwandle engcolile kungase kubangele imiphumela emibi yezempilo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini njengabesifazane abakhulelwe, izinsana, nezingane ezincane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela amathuba okuba nobuthi futhi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho ukhetha futhi ulungiselela ukudla kwasolwandle ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kulokhu kungcola. Ukuqapha njalo nokulawulwa kwamazinga okuphepha kwezilwane zasolwandle nakho kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo nenhlalakahle yomphakathi.
Kunconywa ukugwema izinhlanzi ezithile.
Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuchayeka emazingeni aphezulu e-mercury phakathi nokukhulelwa, kuyatuseka ukugwema izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi ezaziwa ngokuthi zinamazinga aphakeme ale nsimbi ye-neurotoxic. I-Mercury ingawela i-placenta futhi inqwabelane ku-fetus ekhulayo, okungase kuholele ekubambezelekeni kokukhula, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, neminye imiphumela emibi ohlelweni lwemizwa yengane. Izinhlanzi ezifana noshaka, i-swordfish, i-king mackerel, ne-tilefish zihlonzwe njengezinomthamo we-mercury ophakeme ngenxa yemvelo yazo edlayo nokuphila isikhathi eside. Esikhundleni salokho, abesifazane abakhulelwe bayakhuthazwa ukuthi badle izinketho zezinhlanzi ezine-mercury ephansi njenge-salmon, i-trout, izimfanzi, nama-sardine, ahlinzeka ngemisoco ebalulekile ngenkathi ebeka ingozi ephansi yokuchayeka kwe-mercury. Kubalulekile ukuhlala unolwazi ngezeluleko zezinhlanzi kanye nemithetho yendawo mayelana ne-mercury ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle okuphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ukuchayeka kwe-Mercury ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuqashwe.
Njengengxenye yemizamo eqhubekayo yokuqinisekisa impilo nokuphepha kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nezingane zabo ezisakhula, ukuqapha ukuchayeka kwe-mercury ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwenziwa. I-Mercury iyi-neurotoxin enamandla engaba nemiphumela elimazayo ekukhuleni kwengane kanye nokusebenza kwezinzwa. Ngokuqapha ngokucophelela amazinga e-mercury kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bangakwazi ukuhlonza abantu okungenzeka babe sengozini enkulu yokuchayeka ku-mercury futhi banikeze isiqondiso esifanele nokungenelela ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala okungaba khona. Lokhu kuqapha kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwamasampula egazi noma omchamo ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga e-mercury futhi kulandelelwe noma yiziphi izinguquko phakathi nesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zokuqapha, abahlinzeki bezempilo bangakwazi ukuvikela kangcono inhlalakahle yabo bobabili omama nezingane zabo, basize ekwehliseni izinkinga ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokuchayeka kwe-mercury ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Sengiphetha, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele umthelela wamazinga aphezulu e-mercury ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlanzi ezinkingeni zokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi obuvezwe kulolu cwaningo bubonisa ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele lapho besebenzisa izinhlanzi futhi bakhethe izinketho ze-mercury ephansi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi abahlinzeki bezempilo bafundise iziguli zabo ngezingozi ezingase zibe khona kanye nezinzuzo zokudla izinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo, singaqonda kangcono futhi sibhekane nemiphumela engaba khona yamazinga aphezulu e-mercury ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlanzi komama abakhulelwe nabantwana babo.
FAQ
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokukhulelwa ezihlobene namazinga aphezulu e-mercury ekuphuzweni kwezinhlanzi?
Izinkinga ezingaba khona zokukhulelwa ezihlobene namazinga aphezulu e-mercury ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlanzi zihlanganisa ukwanda kwengozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nezinkinga zokukhula kombungu. I-Mercury ingawela i-placenta futhi ilimaze isimiso sezinzwa esikhulayo, okuholela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo nemisipha enganeni. Kutuswa ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bagweme ukudla izinhlanzi ezine-mercury ephezulu njengoshaka, i-swordfish, i-king mackerel, ne-tilefish, futhi banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlanzi kuze kube kabili ngesonto.
I-mercury ezinhlanzini ithinta kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
I-Mercury ezinhlanzini ingaba nemiphumela elimazayo ekukhuleni kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lapho abesifazane abakhulelwe bedla inhlanzi engcoliswe i-mercury, ingawela i-placenta futhi iqoqeke ku-fetus ekhulayo. I-Mercury iyi-neurotoxin engaphazamisa ukukhula kobuchopho bomntwana nesimiso sezinzwa. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezehlukene zokuqonda nokuthuthuka, njengokungasebenzi kahle kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, kanye ne-IQ encishisiwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe baqaphele izinhlobo zezinhlanzi abazidlayo kanye namazinga azo e-mercury ukuze banciphise izingozi ezingaba khona ekukhuleni kwengane.
Ingabe izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi zingase zibe namazinga aphezulu e-mercury, futhi uma kunjalo, yiziphi abesifazane abakhulelwe okufanele bazigweme?
Yebo, izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi kungenzeka zibe namazinga aphezulu e-mercury. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagweme izinhlanzi ezaziwa ngokuba namazinga aphezulu e-mercury, njengoshaka, i-swordfish, i-king mackerel ne-tilefish. Lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukuba zinkulu futhi zikhuphuke phezulu ohlwini lokudla, ziqongelela i-mercury eningi ezilwaneni zazo. Kutuswa ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe esikhundleni salokho bakhethe izinketho zezinhlanzi ezine-mercury ephansi njenge-salmon, izimfanzi, i-pollock, ne-catfish, okuphephe kakhudlwana ukudliwa ngokulinganisela. Nokho, kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Yiziphi iziqondiso ezinconyiwe zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi ngendlela ephephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bezinkinga ezihlobene ne-mercury?
Iziqondiso ezituswayo zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi ngendlela ephephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yezinkinga ezihlobene ne-mercury zihlanganisa ukugwema izinhlanzi ezine-mercury ephezulu njengoshaka, i-swordfish, i-king mackerel, ne-tilefish. Kunalokho, abesifazane abakhulelwe bayelulekwa ukuba bakhethe izinhlanzi ezine-mercury ephansi njenge-salmon, i-trout, izimfanzi, ne-catfish. Kunconywa ukuthi udle ama-ounces angu-8 kuya kwangu-12 ezinhlanzi ezine-mercury ephansi ngesonto. Ukwengeza, izinhlanzi kufanele ziphekwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kubulawe noma yimaphi amagciwane angaba khona noma izilokazane.
Ingabe ikhona enye imithombo ye-omega-3 fatty acids abesifazane abakhulelwe abangayisebenzisa esikhundleni sezinhlanzi ukuze bagweme ukuchayeka kwe-mercury?
Yebo, kuneminye imithombo ye-omega-3 fatty acids abesifazane abakhulelwe abangayisebenzisa esikhundleni sezinhlanzi ukuze bagweme ukuchayeka kwe-mercury. Ezinye izinketho zihlanganisa imithombo esekelwe ezitshalweni njengembewu yefilakisi, imbewu ye-chia, nama-walnuts, kanye nezithako ezisekelwe ku-algae . Lezi zindlela ezihlukile zicebile nge-alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), umzimba ongakwazi ukuyiguqulela ku-omega-3 fatty acids ebalulekile, i-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ne-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele babonisane nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi bayahlangabezana nezidingo zabo zokudla okunomsoco futhi bathole eminye imithombo efanelekile yama-omega-3 fatty acids ezimweni zabo ngabanye.
