Isingeniso
Izinkukhu zongqimba, amaqhawekazi angaculwanga embonini yamaqanda, sekuyisikhathi eside ahlala efihliwe ngemuva kwesithombe esicwebezelayo samapulazi okufundisa kanye nezidlo zasekuseni ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwalolu cala kukhona iqiniso elibuhlungu elivame ukunganakwa - usizi lwezikhukhukazi ezikhiqiza amaqanda ezithengiswayo. Nakuba abathengi bejabulela ukunethezeka kwamaqanda athengekayo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukukhathazeka kwezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nenhlalakahle ezungeze izimpilo zalezi zikhukhukazi. Lesi sihloko sidingida izingqimba zesililo sabo, sikhanyisela izinselelo ababhekana nazo futhi ikhuthaza indlela yozwelo yokukhiqiza amaqanda.
Ukuphila Kwesikhukhukazi Sengqimba
Umjikelezo wokuphila wezinkukhu ezizalelayo emapulazini emboni ugcwele ukuxhashazwa nokuhlupheka, okubonisa amaqiniso abuhlungu okukhiqizwa kwamaqanda embonini. Nakhu ukuboniswa okusangulukisayo komjikelezo wabo wempilo:
I-Hatchery: Uhambo luqala endaweni yokuchanyuselwa, lapho amatshwele achanyuselwa khona kuma-incubator amakhulu.
Amatshwele angamaduna, athathwa njengangenamsebenzi wezomnotho ekukhiqizeni amaqanda, avame ukubulawa ngokushesha ngemva kokuchanyuselwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokukhipha igesi noma i-maceration. Lo mkhuba, nakuba usebenza kahle ngokombono wokukhiqiza, awuyinaki inhlalakahle yalezi zidalwa ezinozwela, okuholela ekugxekweni okusabalele kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuziphatha. Isigaba Sokuzala Nekukhula: Amatshwele esifazane amiselwe ukubekela amaqanda abe esekhuliswa ezindaweni zokuzalanisa, lapho encishwa khona ukunakekelwa komama kanye nokuziphatha kwemvelo.
Ziminyene ezinqolobaneni noma emakhejini, ahlinzekwe ngokushisa kokwenziwa, futhi akhuliswe ngaphansi kokukhanya okwenziwayo ukuze asheshise ukukhula kwawo futhi azilungiselele ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Lesi sigaba sibeka eqhulwini ukukhula okusheshayo nokufana ngokulahlekelwa inhlalakahle yezinyoni nokuthuthuka kwemvelo. Iphuzu Lokulala: Cishe emavikini angu-16 kuya kwangu-20 ubudala, ama-pullet afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili futhi adluliselwe ezindaweni zokubeka.
Lapha, baminyene emakhejini ebhethri noma ezinqolobaneni eziminyene, lapho bezochitha khona ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zabo bevalelwe endaweni engenkulu kunephepha. Njengoba zincishwa indawo yokunyakaza, zelule amaphiko, noma zihileleke ekuziphatheni kwemvelo, lezi zikhukhukazi zibekezelela ukuhlupheka okukhulu nokucindezeleka kwengqondo. Ukukhiqizwa Kwamaqanda: Uma sekukhiqizwe ngokugcwele, izinkukhu zibhekana nemijikelezo yokubeka amaqanda engapheli, evame ukuyengelwa noma isetshenziswe ngokukhanyiswa kokwenziwa kanye nokudla.
Ukucindezeleka kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda njalo kuthatha umthwalo emizimbeni yabo, okuholela ezindabeni zezempilo ezifana ne-osteoporosis, ukuphazamiseka kokuzala, kanye nokunciphisa amasosha omzimba. Izikhukhukazi eziningi zihlushwa izimo ezibuhlungu njengokuqothuka kwezimpaphe, ukulimala ezinyaweni, nemihuzuko evela kumakheji ocingo. Ukuphela Kokubeka Nokuhlatshwa: Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuncipha, izinkukhu zibhekwa njengezichithiwe futhi zibhekwa njengezingasakwazi umnotho. Ngokuvamile zikhishwa ohlelweni lokukhiqiza futhi zithunyelwe ukuyohlatshwa. Inqubo yokuthutha nokuhlaba iqhubezela phambili ukuhlupheka kwazo, njengoba izinkukhu zibekezelela uhambo olude ezimweni eziminyene futhi zivame ukuphathwa cishe ngaphambi kokuba zibulawe.
Kuso sonke isikhathi sokuphila kwazo, izinkukhu emapulazini asefekthri zithathwa njengempahla nje, zixhashazwa ngamakhono azo okuzala ngaphandle kokunaka inhlalakahle yazo noma ukubaluleka kwangaphakathi njengezidalwa ezinozwela. Imvelo yezimboni yokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ibeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo ngaphezu kozwelo nokucabangela ukuziphatha, uqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo wokuxhashazwa nokuhlupheka kwezikhukhukazi ezingenakubalwa emhlabeni jikelele.
Sengiphetha, umjikelezo wokuphila kwezinkukhu ezizalelayo emapulazini ezimboni uveza unya olungokwemvelo nokushiyeka kokuziphatha kwezolimo zezilwane ezithuthukisiwe . Njengabathengi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imithelela yezimiso zezimiso zokudla esikukhethayo futhi sikhuthaze ezinye izindlela ezinobuntu nezisimeme ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane futhi zikhuthaze uhlelo lokudla olunozwelo.
Ukuvalelwa kanye Nokuminyana
Ukuvalelwa kanye nokuminyana yizingqinamba ezimbili ezidlangile empilweni yokubekela izinkukhu emapulazini asezimbonini, okunomthelela omkhulu ekuhluphekeni kwazo nasezinkingeni zenhlalakahle.
Amakheji Ebhethri: Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuvalelwa ekukhiqizeni amaqanda amakheji ebhethri. Lawa makheji avamise ukuba yizinto ezivalekile zezintambo ezincane, ezivame ukupakishwa ezihlokweni phakathi kwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezinkulu, anendawo encane yokunyakaza noma ukuziphatha kwemvelo. Izikhukhukazi zigcwele ngokuqinile kulawa makheji, azikwazi ukwelula amaphiko azo ngokugcwele noma zihlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuvamile njengokuhlala, ukugeza uthuli, noma ukudla ukudla. Indawo ewugwadule ibaphuca ukukhuthazwa kwengqondo nokusebenzelana komphakathi, okuholela ekucindezelekeni, ekukhungathekeni, nasekuziphatheni okungavamile.
Izibaya Eziminyene: Kwezinye izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezifana nokungafakwa kwekheji noma ukusebenza okukhululekile, izinkukhu zihlaliswa ezibayeni ezinkulu noma ezakhiweni lapho ukuminyana kuhlala kuwukukhathazeka.
Nakuba zingase zibe nesikhala esiningi sokuhamba uma kuqhathaniswa namakheji ebhethri, lezi zikhungo zivame ukuhlalisa izinkulungwane zezinyoni eduze, okuholela emqhudelwaneni wezinsiza ezifana nokudla, amanzi kanye nezindawo zokuzalela. Ukuminyana kungase kubangele ukuziphatha okunonya, ukudla inyama yabantu, nokulimala kwezinkukhu, okuqhubekisele phambili engozini inhlalakahle yazo. Imithelela Yezempilo: Ukuvalelwa kanye nokuminyana kunomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkinga zezempilo zezikhukhukazi ezizalelayo.
Ukunyakaza okuvinjelwe kanye nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwemisipha, izinkinga zamathambo, namathambo abe buthaka. Ukunqwabelana kwendle kanye ne-ammonia ezindaweni ezivalekile kungabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula kanye nokucasuka kwesikhumba. Ukwengeza, izimo eziminyene zinikeza indawo ekahle yokubhebhetheka kwezifo nezilokazane, okuphinde kubeke engozini impilo nokuphila kahle kwezinkukhu. Ukucindezeleka Komqondo: Ngaphandle kwemiphumela engokomzimba, ukuvalelwa kanye nokuminyana nakho kunomthelela enhlalakahleni yengqondo yezikhukhukazi ezizalelayo.
Lezi zilwane zomphakathi nezihlakaniphile zincishwa ithuba lokuveza ukuziphatha kwemvelo nokuzibandakanya ekusebenzelaneni komphakathi nabalingani bazo bezimvu. Ukucindezelwa okuqhubekayo kwezindawo eziminyene futhi ezinemikhawulo kungaholela ezindabeni zokuziphatha njengokupeka izimpaphe, ulaka, kanye nokuziphatha okungokwenkolo njengokuphindaphinda ijubane noma ukudonsa izimpaphe.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwezimiso Zokuziphatha: Ngokombono wezimiso zokuziphatha, ukuvalelwa nokugcwala ngokweqile kwezinkukhu ezizalelayo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuziphatha. Ukugcina izinkukhu ezimeni eziminyene neziyinyumba kuziphuca ikhono lokuphila ukuphila okwanelisayo nokunenjongo, kwephula ukubaluleka kwazo okungaphakathi kanye nelungelo lokukhululeka ekuhluphekeni okungadingekile. Njengezidalwa ezizwelayo ezikwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu, ubumnandi, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zemizwelo, izinkukhu ezizalelayo zifanelwe ukuphathwa ngozwelo nenhlonipho, kunokuba zibe ngaphansi kwehlazo lokuvalelwa nokuminyana.
Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele kudinga uguquko oluyisisekelo oluya ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ezinobuntu futhi ezisimeme ezibeka kuqala izidingo zezilwane futhi zithuthukise impilo yazo engokomzimba neyengqondo. Ngokumela izindinganiso ezingcono zezenhlalakahle kanye nokusekela ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha, singasebenzela ikusasa lapho izinkukhu ezizalelayo zinikezwa khona isithunzi nozwelo oluzifanele.
Izinkinga Zezempilo kanye Nokuphathwa Okungenabuntu
Izinkinga zempilo kanye nokuphathwa ngonya yizinto ezivame kakhulu ezimpilweni zezikhukhukazi ezizalelayo ngaphakathi kohlelo lokukhiqiza amaqanda oluthuthukisiwe, olumele izinselele ezibalulekile zokuziphatha kanye nenhlalakahle.
I-Osteoporosis kanye Nokwephuka Kwamathambo: Izinkukhu ezizalelayo zikhethwa ngokofuzo ukuze kukhiqizwe amaqanda aphezulu, okuholela ekuncipheni kwe-calcium emathanjeni azo ukuze zakhe amagobolondo amaqanda.
Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwe-calcium kungabangela i-osteoporosis kanye nezinkinga zamathambo, okwenza izinkukhu zithinteke kakhulu ekuqhekekeni kwamathambo nokulimala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu noma zezintambo zocingo lapho zingase zingakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka noma ukubonisa ukuziphatha kwemvelo. Izinkinga Zokuphefumula: Ikhwalithi yomoya engalungile ezinhlelweni zokuvalela, njengamakheji ebhethri noma izinqolobane ezigcwele ngokweqile, kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula phakathi kwezinkukhu ezizalelayo.
Ukwakheka kwe-ammonia okuvela endle enqwabelene kungase kucasule amasistimu abo okuphefumula, kubangele izimo ezifana ne-bronchitis engapheli, inyumoniya, noma i-air sacculitis. Ukungangeni komoya okwanele kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisa umoya kuqhubezela phambili lezi zinkinga zokuphefumula, kubeke engcupheni impilo nokuphila kahle kwezinkukhu. Ukulahlekelwa Izimpaphe kanye Nokulimala Kwesikhumba: Ukuvalelwa kanye nokuminyana kungaholela ekuchotsheni izimpaphe kanye nobudlova phakathi kwezikhukhukazi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimpaphe, ukulimala kwesikhumba, namanxeba avulekile.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kwenzeke ukudla abantu, okuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu noma ngisho nokufa. Lokhu kuziphatha kuvame ukubhebhethekiswa ingcindezi, isithukuthezi, kanye nokukhungatheka okuvela ezimweni zokuphila ezingezona ezemvelo ezibekwa ezikhukwini ezindaweni zokukhiqiza amaqanda ezimbonini. Ukwehlisa Uqhwaku Nezinye Izinqubo Ezibuhlungu: Ukuze unciphise ubungozi bolaka kanye nokudla kwabantu ezindaweni eziminyene, izinkukhu ezizalelayo zivame ukubhekana nezinqubo ezibuhlungu ezifana nokugudla, lapho ingxenye yoqhwaku lwazo oluzwelayo kususwa kusetshenziswa izindwani ezishisayo noma ubuchwepheshe be-infrared.
Le nqubo, eyenziwa ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia, ibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu nokucindezeleka futhi ingaholela emiphumeleni yesikhathi eside yokuziphatha neyomzimba wezinkukhu. Eminye imikhuba ejwayelekile embonini, njengokugunda izinzwane kanye nokugunda amaphiko, nakho kubangela ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka okungadingekile ezinyonini. Ukuphazamiseka Okubangelwa Ukucindezeleka: Izimo ezicindezelayo ezitholakala ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza amaqanda ezimbonini zingaholela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkinga ezibangelwa ukucindezeleka phakathi kwezinkukhu ezizalelayo, okuhlanganisa ukucindezelwa kwamasosha omzimba, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuzala. Ukucindezeleka okungamahlalakhona kulimaza impilo yezikhukhukazi futhi kuzenza zibe lula ezifweni nasezifweni, kuqhubekisele phambili ukuhlupheka kwazo futhi kwehlise izinga lempilo yazo.
Ukuphatha Okungenabuntu kanye Ne-Euthanasia: Kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo, izinkukhu ezizalelayo zingase zibe ngaphansi kwemikhuba yokuphatha engenabuntu phakathi nezinqubo zokuphatha ezivamile, ezokuthutha, kanye nokuhlatshwa. Ukuphatha kabi, izimo zokuthutha eziminyene, nezindlela ezingafanele ze-euthanasia kungabangela ubuhlungu obengeziwe, ukwesaba, nokucindezeleka ezinyonini, kwephule ilungelo lazo lokuphathwa kobuntu nesithunzi lapho zifa.
Sengiphetha, izindaba zezempilo kanye nokuphathwa ngonya kumelela izinselelo ezibalulekile ezimpilweni zezikhukhukazi ezizalelayo ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza amaqanda ezimbonini. Ukubhekana nalokhu kukhathazeka kudinga indlela ephelele ebeka kuqala inhlalakahle yezilwane, ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha, kanye nezinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme . Ngokumela izindinganiso ezingcono zezenhlalakahle, ukusekela ezinye izindlela zokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuvamile, nokukhuthaza ukuqwashisa kwabathengi kanye nemfundo, singasebenzela ikusasa elinozwelo neliqhubekayo lezinkukhu ezizalelayo.
Ongakwenza ezikhukwini ezizalela amaqanda
Ukwenza umehluko njengamanje kusho ukuziphendulela kwezinye zezinkampani ezinkulu ezithenga amaqanda. Ukushintsha kwezinkukhu, nazo zonke izilwane ezifuyelwa ukudla, akwenzeki ngaphandle kokukhathalela, abantu abanozwelo njengawe. Ungaqala ngokuhlala unolwazi mayelana nomthetho nemithethonqubo ehlobene nenhlalakahle yezilwane futhi ukhuthaze ukuvikelwa okuqinile kwezinkukhu ezizalelayo emazingeni endawo, kazwelonke, namazwe ngamazwe. Bhala izincwadi eziya kubakhi benqubomgomo, usayine izicelo, futhi ubambe iqhaza emikhankasweni yasemazingeni aphansi ehloselwe ukuthuthukisa izimo zokubekela izinkukhu ezindaweni zokukhiqiza amaqanda.
Sebenzisa amandla akho omthengi ukumela ushintsho ngokunxusa izinkampani ezinkulu ezithenga amaqanda ukuthi zamukele futhi ziphoqelele izindinganiso zenhlalakahle eziphakeme zezikhukhukazi kumaketanga azo wokuhlinzeka. Bhala izincwadi, thumela ama-imeyili, futhi usebenzise inkundla yezokuxhumana ukuveza okukukhathazayo futhi ufune umthwalo wemfanelo wenkampani ekutholeni amaqanda kubahlinzeki abanamathela emikhubeni yobuntu neqhubekayo.
Sabalalisa ukuqwashisa mayelana namaqiniso okukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezimboni kanye nomthelela wokukhetha kwabathengi enhlalakahleni yezikhukhukazi ezizalelayo. Yabelana ngolwazi nabangani, umndeni, kanye nozakwenu mayelana nokubaluleka kokukhetha amaqanda akhiqizwe ngendlela yokuziphatha kanye nezinhlelo ezisekelayo ezikhuthaza ukuphathwa kobuntu kwezilwane ezikhuliselwe ukudla. Khuthaza abanye ukuthi bahlanganyele nawe ekwenzeni izinqumo zozwelo ezihambisana nezimiso zabo.
