Ngaphansi kobuso: Ukudalula iqiniso elimnyama lamapulazi oLwandle kanye nama-Fish Ecosystems

Ulwandle luhlanganisa ngaphezulu kwama-70% omhlaba futhi luyikhaya lokuhlekisa ngempilo yasemanzini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo sokudla kwasolwandle siholele ekukhuphukeni kwamapulazi olwandle namapulazi ezinhlanzi njengendlela yokudoba okuqhubekayo. Lawa mapulazi, abizwa nangokuthi ama-aquaculture, ajwayele ukubonwa njengesixazululo sokudoba ngokweqile nendlela yokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla kwasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kobuso kukhona iqiniso elimnyama lomthelela lawa mapulazi anawo endalini yemvelo yasemanzini. Ngenkathi zingabonakala njengesixazululo ebusweni, iqiniso ukuthi amapulazi olwandle nama-fish angaba nemiphumela emibi emvelweni nasezilwaneni ezibiza ulwandle ekhaya. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwehla ngokujulile emhlabeni wolwandle kanye nokulima izinhlanzi futhi siveze imiphumela efihliwe esisongela imvelo yethu engaphansi kwamanzi. Ukusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antibiotic nama-pesticides ekukhishweni kokungcoliswa kwezifo nezifo, iqiniso le-aquaculture likude nokuzinzile. Sekuyisikhathi sokwambula iqiniso futhi likhanyisela ohlangothini olumnyama lwamapulazi olwandle namapulazi ezinhlanzi.

Ukuhwebelana Nezimboni Nokudala Ukudangala

Ukwanda kwezimboni kanye nemikhuba yokuqalisa ngokweqile ngaphakathi komkhakha wasolwandle kuholele ekuphakameni maqondana namazinga wokungcola, ikakhulukazi endalini yasemanzini yasemanzini. Ukuqiniswa kwemisebenzi yokulima izinhlanzi, okuqhutshwa yisidingo esikhulayo sokudla kwasolwandle, kuholele ekutheni ama-geaff akhulayo, ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kwemfucuza, nokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi emizimbeni yamanzi ezungezile. Lokhu kungcola kunemiphumela eyingozi esele esele yemvelo ethambile yemvelo yasemanzini, ukuphazamisa indawo yokuhlala yemvelo, ikhwalithi yamanzi yokuyekethisa, nokusongela ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zempilo yasolwandle. Imiphumela yokungcoliswa okunjalo okunwebeka ngale kokuseduze kwasemapulazini enhlanzi, njengoba ukuwohloka kwemvelo yemvelo yasemanzini kungafinyelela kude kakhulu nemiphumela yemvelo nezenhlalo. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga futhi kwamukele imikhuba eqhubekayo ebeka phambili impilo yesikhathi eside nokulondolozwa kwezindawo zethu eziyigugu zasemanzini.

Imfucuza kanye namakhemikhali alimaza izinto eziphilayo

Umthelela wemvelo wokungcola imfucuza namakhemikhali ezintweni eziphilayo azikwazi ukubonwa. Ukulahlwa okungavikelekile kwemfucuza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene kunomphumela wamathuna webhalansi ethambile yemvelo. Hhayi nje ukuthi le mikhuba ingcolisa imithombo yamanzi nenhlabathi, kepha futhi zilimaza ngokuqondile nangokuphazamisa i-web eyinkimbinkimbi yempilo ekhona ngaphakathi kwalezi zindawo. Ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinobuthi emvelweni kuholela ekwehleni nasekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane, njengoba zilwela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi zisinde ezimweni ezingcolile. Lokhu kulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo akunandaba kuphela izindawo ezithintekile kepha futhi kunomphumela ophoqelekile kulo lonke i-ecosystem, okuholela ekungalinganisweni kobudlelwano obuhlaselwa ngabantu kanye nempilo ephelele kanye nokuqina kohlelo. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibeke phambili imikhuba esimeme kanye nemithetho eqinile ukunciphisa umthelela wokungcola kanye namakhemikhali ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuqinisekisa impilo yesikhathi eside nokusebenza kwempilo yethu.

Ama-antibiotic nezifo asakazeka ngokushesha

Ama-antibiotic adlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni nezifo ezingama-bacteria kanye nokugcina izifo echibini. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kabi kanye nokusebenzisa kabi ama-antibiotics kuholele ekutheni kwenzeke ngento ephathelene nento - ukusakazeka ngokushesha kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane. Lawa magciwane athuthukise amandla okusinda futhi achume naphezu kwemiphumela yama-antibiotic, abeka usongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye nezolimo kwazo zombili izimo zabantu kuye kwaba nomthelela ekuveleni nasekusabalaliseleni kwalezi zinhlobo ezimelana nazo, ukuvumela izifo ukuba zisakaze ngokushesha futhi kube nzima ukwelapha. Le ndaba iqokomisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokusetshenziswa okungokomthetho nama-antibiotic namasu aphumelelayo ukuvikela okuthe xaxa kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane, ukuvikela zombili impilo yabantu kanye nebhalansi ethambile ye-aquatic ecosystems.

Izinhlobo ezingezona ezendabuko ziphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo

Izinhlobo ezingezona zendabuko ziye zaqashelwa njengosongo olukhulu ekulinganiseni kwemvelo kanye nokusebenza kwemvelo yemvelo yasemanzini. Lapho wethulwa ezindaweni ezintsha, lezi zinhlobo zivame ukungabi nezidlamzimba zemvelo noma izimbangi, zibavumela ukuba baphindeke ngokushesha futhi baphumelele izinhlobo zendabuko zezinsizakusebenza. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungaba nemiphumela emibi kuyo yonke imvelo, okuholela ekwehleni noma ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo zendabuko, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala, kanye nezinguquko emijikelezweni yezakhi. Izinhlobo ezingezona zendabuko zingethula izifo noma ama-parasites izinhlobo zendabuko azizange ziveze izivikelo, ziphinde ziyeke impilo nokuqina kwe-ecosystem. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubhekana nodaba lwezinhlobo ezingezona zemvelo kanye nokusebenzisa amasu wokuphatha asebenzayo ukunciphisa umthelela wawo futhi avikele ukulingana okubucayi kwemvelo yemvelo yasemanzini.

Ukuphunyuka kwezinhlanzi kufaka usongo lwezakhi zofuzo

Uphunyuke izinhlanzi ezivela olwandle nasezinhlanzini zezinhlanzi zibeka engcupheni ebalulekile yofuzo ezinhlanzi zomdabu endalini yemvelo yasemanzini. Lokhu kubalekela, okuvame ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezifuywayo ezikhethiwe noma zofuzo, kungavunyelwana nezinto zasendle, okuholela ekushintsheni kokwehlukahlukana kofuzo nokulahleka kwezimpawu zofuzo ezihlukile ezibalulekile ekusindeni nasekuguqulweni kwezinhlobo zendabuko. Uhlobo lwezakhi zokwethulwa lungaletha imiphumela engahlosiwe, njengokunciphisa ukuqina komzimba noma izindlela eziguquliwe, zinomthelela onamandla wemvelo we-ecosystem. Lokhu kuhlangana kofuzo phakathi kwezinhlanzi zasepulazini abalekile kanye nezindawo zasendle ziqokomisa isidingo esiphuthumayo semithetho eqinile kanye nezindlela ezingcono zokuqukethwe ngaphakathi embonini yezakhi zezakhi zofuzo ukuvikela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo yethu.

Izindlela Zokulima Umonakalo Izindawo

Imikhuba yokulima ebanzi, ikakhulukazi emapulazini olwandle nasezinhlanzini, ikhonjiswe ukuthi inemiphumela elimazayo ezindaweni zokuhlala zasemanzini. Izimo ezigcwele abantu futhi ezivaliwe kulamapulazi zivame ukuholela ekugxileni okuphezulu kwemfucuza kanye nezakhi zomzimba ngokweqile, ezikhishwe ngqo emanzini azungezile. Lokhu kungcola kungadala i-eutrophication, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-oxygen kanye nama-algal blooms alimazayo, ekugcineni kuphazamisa ukulinganisela okubucayi kwemvelo yasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, ama-pesticides, namanye amakhemikhali emisebenzini yokulima kungaqhubekela phambili nekhwalithi yamanzi futhi kulimaze uhlu oluhlukahlukene lwezinto eziphilayo ezibiza lezi zindawo ekhaya. Umthelela oqongelelayo wale mikhuba yokulima ngezindawo zasemanzini ezihlala endaweni yokuhlala yasemanzini ugcizelela isidingo sezindlela ezizinzile futhi ezinomthwalo wemvelo ukuze uhlangane nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla kwasolwandle ngenkathi unciphisa ukulimala kwemvelo yethu evamile yasemanzini ngenkathi unciphisa ukulimala kwemvelo yethu evamile yasemanzini ngenkathi unciphisa imvelo yethu evamile yasemanzini.

Ukudoba ngokweqile kokuphakelayo kuchithe izilwandle

Umkhuba ongabonakali wokudoba ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ngenhloso yokuthola okuphakelayo kwamapulazi ezinhlanzi, kubangela ukuncipha okukhulu kolwandle lwethu. Isidingo sokudla kwezinhlanzi namafutha ezinhlanzi, asetshenziswa kakhulu njengokudla emisebenzini ye-aquaculture, kuholele ekunyuseni okumangazayo kokuthwebula izinhlanzi ezincane zasendle, ezinjenge-anchovies kanye nama-sardines, asebenza njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile ecaleni lokudla lwasolwandle. Lokhu akugcini nje kuphela ukuthi lokhu kuphazamisa ukulinganisela kwemvelo kohlelo lwemvelo lwasolwandle, kodwa futhi kucindezela kakhulu phambili kubantu balezi zinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwezinhlanzi ezincane, okuvela ekuweni kwabo. Lokhu kuncipha kwezinhlanzi eziphambili ezibalulekile kungamthinta kuphela izinyamazane ezincike kubo ukuze zinakekele kodwa futhi zithola imiphumela efinyelela kude kuyo yonke i-Marine Food Web. Kubalulekile ukuthi sibhekane nalolu daba futhi sithole ezinye izindlela ezizinzileyo ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo zamapulazi ezinhlanzi ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni impilo kanye nobudlelwano bezinto eziphilayo zolwandle zethu.

Ezinye izindlela ezizinzile ziyizixazululo ezingenzeka

Ngenxa yakoqobo kweqiniso elimnyama elivezwe ngumthelela wamapulazi olwandle namapulazi ezinhlanzi endalini yasemanzini, kubalulekile ukuhlola ezinye izindlela ezizinzileyo ezinganciphisa imiphumela elimazayo ezindaweni zethu ezilimazayo zasolwandle. Ukwemukelwa kweminye imithombo yamaprotheni okuphakelayo kwezinhlanzi, njengezithako ezenzelwe izitshalo noma ukuhlangana kwamaprotheni ama-microbial, kungasiza ukudambisa isidingo sezinhlanzi ezibanjwe ekhaya futhi udambise ingcindezi yabantu basemanzini asengozini. Ngokwamukela lezi zinhlobo ezizinzile, singasebenzela ukubuyisela imali esele endalini yethu yasemanzini futhi siqinisekise ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwezinsizakusebenza zethu zasolwandle.

Sengiphetha, kusobala ukuthi amapulazi oLwandle kanye nenhlanzi, ngenkathi enikeza umthombo wokudla kwabantu, abe nomthelela omkhulu ekulinganiseni okubucayi kwemvelo yethu yemvelo yasemanzini. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, ukugcwala ngokweqile, kanye nokuphunyuka kwezinhlobo ezingezona zendabuko zonke zinomthelela ekuphazanyisweni kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo kanye nokwehla kwezinhlanzi zasendle. Kubalulekile ukuthi ohulumeni kanye nezimboni zisebenzele izindlela ezizinzile nezinomusa zemvelo ze-aquaculture, ukuze zinciphise imiphumela emibi olwandle lwethu futhi zilondoloze impilo yemvelo yethu yasemanzini ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Kuphela ngemikhuba enomthwalo wemfanelo futhi oqondayo esingavikela ngempela futhi silondoloze amagugu alala ngaphansi kolwandle lwethu.