Izolimo ezisuselwa ekufuyweni kwezitshalo zilondolozela kanjani amanzi futhi zisekela ukulima okuzinzile

Amanzi abalulekile ekuphileni eMhlabeni, kodwa aya ngokuya esongelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile, ukungcola, nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ezolimo ziwumthengi omkhulu wamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni jikelele, ezibalelwa cishe ku-70% wokusetshenziswa kwawo. Ukufuywa kwezilwane ngokwesiko, ikakhulukazi, kufaka ingcindezi enkulu emithonjeni yamanzi ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu samanzi sokufuya. Ukushintshela kwezolimo ezitshalweni kunikeza isisombululo esimeme esonga amanzi ngenkathi kubhekwana nezinye izinselelo ezicindezelayo zemvelo.

I-Water Footprint Yokukhiqiza Ukudla

Izinga lamanzi okukhiqizwa kokudla liyahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lokudla. Ukukhiqiza inyama nobisi kudinga amanzi amaningi kakhulu kunokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni ngenxa yezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kutshalwe izitshalo zokuphakelayo, ukufaka amanzi ezilwaneni, nokucubungula imikhiqizo yezilwane. Isibonelo, ukukhiqiza ikhilogremu elilodwa lenyama yenkomo kungadinga amalitha amanzi angu-15,000 , kuyilapho ukukhiqiza inani elifanayo lamazambane kudinga amalitha angu-287 .

Ngokuphambene, ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni—okufana nokusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, imifino nezithelo—kunomthamo omncane kakhulu wamanzi. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kubalulekile ezifundeni ezibhekene nokushoda kwamanzi noma lapho ezolimo zidonsa kanzima izinsiza ezilinganiselwe.

Izinzuzo Zokulima Okusekelwe Ezitshalweni Zokongiwa Amanzi

1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Okuncishisiwe

Ukulima okusekelwe ezitshalweni ngokwemvelo kusebenzisa amanzi amancane ngekhalori ngayinye noma igremu lamaprotheni akhiqizwayo. Isibonelo, ama-lentils nama-chickpeas adinga amanzi amancane kakhulu kunezitshalo zokudla kwezilwane njenge-alfalfa noma isoya, evame ukutshalwa ukusekela imfuyo.

2. Ukunciphisa Izidingo Zokudla Kwezitshalo

Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yomhlaba olimekayo inikezelwe ekukhuliseni ukudla kwemfuyo. Ukushintshela ekusetshenzisweni komuntu ngokuqondile kokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuhambisana nokutshala lezi zitshalo zokudla.

3. Ukugcinwa Kwenhlabathi Okuthuthukisiwe Namanzi

Izindlela eziningi zokulima ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, njengokujikelezisa izitshalo, ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa, kanye ne-agroforestry, zithuthukisa impilo yomhlabathi. Umhlabathi onempilo ungagcina amanzi amaningi, unciphise ukugeleza, futhi ukhuthaze ukushajwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi kuzo zonke izindawo zezolimo.

4. Ukungcoliswa Kwamanzi Okuncishisiwe

Ukufuywa kwemfuyo kunomthelela omkhulu ekungcolisweni kwamanzi ngokugeleza okuqukethe umquba, umanyolo, kanye nama-antibiotics. Ukulima okusekelwe ezitshalweni, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswe nezinqubo zemvelo, kunciphisa lezi zingozi futhi kusiza ukugcina izinhlelo zamanzi zihlanzekile.

5. Ukunciphisa Izingxabano Zamanzi

Ezifundeni eziningi, ukuncintisana ngemithombo yamanzi elinganiselwe kuye kwaholela ezingxabanweni phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezolimo, abezimboni nabasekhaya. Ngokusebenzisa ukulima okusekelwe emanzini ngendlela eyonga amanzi, ubunzima bemithombo yamanzi ehlanganyelwayo lungancishiswa, kugqugquzele ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi okusimeme nokulinganayo.

Izindlela Ezintsha Kwezolimo Ezisekelwe Ezitshalweni

Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo zezolimo kukhulise amandla okonga amanzi okulima okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Ngezansi kukhona okusha okubalulekile:

Precision Agriculture

Izindlela zesimanje zokulima ezinembayo zisebenzisa izinzwa, ukuhlaziya idatha, kanye ne-automation ukuze kuqashwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Izinhlelo zokunisela ngamaconsi, isibonelo, ziletha amanzi ngqo ezimpandeni zezitshalo, zinciphise ukumoshakala futhi zithuthukise isivuno sezitshalo.

Izitshalo Ezimelana Nesomiso

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezimelana nesomiso kuvumela abalimi ukuthi batshale ukudla ezindaweni ezomile ezingenawo amanzi amancane. Lezi zitshalo, ezihlanganisa amabele, amabele, nezinye izidumba, azigcini nje ngokuwonga amanzi kodwa futhi zinomsoco.

I-Hydroponics kanye Nokulima Okuqondile

Lezi zinhlelo ezintsha zisebenzisa amanzi amancane kakhulu kunezindlela zendabuko zokulima. Amapulazi e-Hydroponic aphinde asebenzise amanzi nezakhamzimba, kuyilapho ukulima okuqondile kuthuthukisa indawo nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, kuwenze alungele izindawo zasemadolobheni.

Ezolimo Ezivuselelayo

Imikhuba efana nokulima nokungalimi kanye ne-agroforestry ithuthukisa impilo yomhlabathi, ivumele ukungena kwamanzi kangcono nokugcinwa. Lezi zindlela zokwenza kube nomthelela ekongiweni kwamanzi isikhathi eside kanti futhi kuthathwe ikhabhoni kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo.

Iqhaza Lenqubomgomo kanye Nokuziphatha Kwabathengi

Izinqubomgomo Zikahulumeni

Abenzi bezinqubomgomo bangakhuthaza ezolimo ezitshalwe ezitshalweni ngokunikeza uxhaso lwezitshalo ezonga amanzi, ukutshala imali engqalasizinda yokunisela, futhi babeke imithetho enciphisa izindlela zokulima ezisebenzisa amanzi kakhulu. Imikhankaso yokuqwashisa umphakathi egqamisa izinzuzo zemvelo zokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni ingaqhubeza noshintsho.

Isibopho Senkampani

Izinkampani zokudla kanye namabhizinisi ezolimo adlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Ngokuthola izithako emaketangeni okuhlinzeka asekelwe ezitshalweni esimeme, nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulima obusebenzayo, izinkampani zingahola indlela ekongeni amanzi.

Isenzo Somuntu Ngamunye

Abathengi banamandla amakhulu ngokukhetha kwabo ukudla. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane edinga amanzi kakhulu kanye nokukhetha ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ezitshalweni kungenza umehluko olinganisekayo. Isibonelo, ukufaka ibhega yenkomo esikhundleni sesitshalo kungonga amalitha amanzi angaphezu kuka-2,000 ngokuphakelwa ngakunye.

Izinzuzo Ezibanzi Zemvelo

Ukongiwa kwamanzi kungenye yezinzuzo eziningi zokushintshela kwezolimo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni. Lokhu kushintsha futhi kusiza ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, ukulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngokunciphisa ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, futhi kukhuthaze impilo engcono yomphakathi ngokusetshenziswa kokudla okunothe izakhi.

Izinselelo Namathuba

Nakuba ezolimo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, azinazo izinselele. Ukushintsha imisebenzi yokulima emikhulu kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe obusha, ukuqeqeshwa kwabalimi, kanye nokushintsha kwesidingo sabathengi. Ohulumeni, ama-NGO, kanye nezinkampani ezizimele kufanele basebenze ngokubambisana ukuze banqobe lezi zithiyo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda kokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni emhlabeni wonke kuveza amathuba abalulekile okusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokukhula komnotho. Ukuthuthukisa izitshalo ezonga amanzi, ukwenza ngcono imigudu yokuhlinzekwa kokudla, nokudala imikhiqizo esekwe ezitshalweni kungaqhuba ukusimama ngenkathi kubhekwana nezinselelo zokuphepha kokudla emhlabeni wonke.

Isiphetho

Inkinga yamanzi emhlabeni wonke iwudaba oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi oluphuthumayo oludinga isinyathelo soguquko. Ukulima okusekelwe ezitshalweni kunikeza indlela esebenzayo yokonga amanzi ngenkathi kukhiqizwa ukudla ngendlela eqhubekayo kwenani labantu elandayo. Ngokubeka eqhulwini izixazululo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, singaqinisekisa ikusasa lapho imithombo yamanzi ivikelekile khona, imvelo ikhula kahle, nempilo yabantu isekelwa. Isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo manje—wonke amaconsi abalulekile.