Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umhlaba ubone ukwanda kwezifo ze-zoonotic, nokuqubuka kwezifo ezinjenge-Ebola, i-SARS, futhi muva nje, i-COVID-19, okubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezempilo emhlabeni. Lezi zifo, ezisuka ezilwaneni, zinamandla okusabalala ngokushesha futhi zinomthelela omubi kubantu. Yize kusacwaningwa ngemvelaphi yalezi zifo futhi kusaphikiswana ngayo, kunobufakazi obukhulayo obuxhumanisa ukuvela kwazo nezindlela zokufuya imfuyo. Ukufuywa kwemfuyo, okuhlanganisa ukufuya izilwane ukuze kudliwe, sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke, okunikeza izigidi zabantu imali engenayo futhi kudla izigidigidi zabantu. Kodwa-ke, ukuqina nokwanda kwale mboni kuphakamise imibuzo mayelana neqhaza layo ekuqubukeni nasekubhebhethekeni kwezifo ze-zoonotic. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuxhumana phakathi kokufuywa kwemfuyo kanye nezifo ze-zoonotic, sihlola izici ezingaba nomthelela ekuveleni kwazo futhi sixoxe ngemiphumela kokubili empilweni yomuntu neyezilwane. Ngalokhu kuhlola, sithemba ukucacisa ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokufuywa kwemfuyo kanye nezifo ze-zoonotic futhi sicabangele izixazululo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa umthelela wazo emhlabeni wethu.
Izifo ze-Zoonotic kanye nomthelela wazo
Ukuvela kwezifo ze-zoonotic, lezo ezingadluliselwa phakathi kwezilwane nabantu, kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezempilo emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zifo zinamandla okubangela ukugula okukhulu, futhi kwezinye izimo, ngisho nokufa. Umthelela wezifo ze-zoonotic ungafinyelela kude, ungathinti abantu ngabanye kuphela kodwa nemiphakathi kanye nezomnotho. Ukuqubuka kwezifo ze-zoonotic, njenge-Ebola, i-SARS, ne-COVID-19, kubonise imiphumela elimazayo ezingaba nayo ezinhlelweni zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nezomnotho emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwengeza, ukuvela kwezifo ze-zoonotic ezimelana nama-antibiotic kwenza kube nzima ukuphatha nokwelashwa kwalezi zifo. Ukuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kokufuywa kwemfuyo kanye nokudluliselwa kwezifo ze-zoonotic kubalulekile ekwakheni amasu asebenzayo okuvimbela nokulawula ukuqubuka kwesikhathi esizayo, ukuvikela kokubili impilo yabantu neyezilwane.
Ukuqonda ukudluliswa kwezifo ze-zoonotic
Ukudluliswa kwesifo se-Zoonotic kubhekisela ekudlulisweni kwezinto ezithathelwanayo, ezifana namagciwane, amagciwane, noma ama-parasites, ukusuka ezilwaneni kuya kubantu. Le nqubo ingenzeka ngokuthintana ngqo nezilwane ezithelelekile, ukusetshenziswa kokudla okungcolile noma amanzi, noma ukuchayeka endaweni engcolile. Ukuqonda ukuthi izifo ze-zoonotic zisakazwa kanjani kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekunciphiseni umthelela wazo kubantu. Izinto ezifana nokusondelana phakathi kwabantu nezilwane ezindaweni zokufuya zingandisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo. Ukwengeza, izinqubo ezithile zokulima, njengokuminyana nokungahlanzeki kahle, zingase zenze kube lula ukusabalala kwamagciwane e-zoonotic. Ngokutadisha izindlela zokudlulisela nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvimbela, singanciphisa ukwenzeka nomthelela wezifo ze-zoonotic, sivikele kokubili inani labantu nezilwane.
Izingozi ezihlobene nokufuywa kwemfuyo
Ukufuywa kwemfuyo kudala izingozi ezimbalwa ezingaba nomthelela ekubhebhethekeni kwezifo ze-zoonotic. Ingozi eyodwa ebalulekile amathuba okudluliselwa kwezifo phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwepulazi. Lapho izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane zibekwe eduze, ayanda amathuba okuthi izifo zigxume zisuka kolunye uhlobo ziye kolunye. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuthintana okuqondile, ukudla okwabiwe noma imithombo yamanzi, noma ukuchayeka endaweni engcolile. Enye ingozi ukuqiniswa kokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo, okuvame ukubandakanya ukuvalela izilwane ezimweni eziminyene futhi ezicindezelayo. Lezi zimo zinganciphisa amasosha omzimba ezilwane, zizenze zibe lula ezifweni futhi zandise amathuba okudluliselwa kwezifo. Ukwengeza, imikhuba engemihle yenhlanzeko, ukungaphathwa kahle kwemfucuza, kanye nokungaphathwa ngendlela efanele kwemikhiqizo yezilwane kungase kube nengxenye ekubhebhethekeni kwezifo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abalimi bemfuyo basebenzise izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha kwemvelo futhi babambelele ezimisweni ezifanele zokukhucululwa kwendle ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi obuhambisana nokudluliswa kwezifo futhi kuvikelwe kokubili izilwane kanye nempilo yabantu.
Ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kwezifo ze-zoonotic
Ukuvikela ngempumelelo ukuqubuka kwezifo ze-zoonotic, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela ezibanzi neziqinile zokuphepha kwemvelo ngaphakathi kwemisebenzi yokulima imfuyo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwamukela izinqubo eziqinile zokuhlanzeka, njengokuhlanza njalo nokubulala amagciwane ezindaweni zezilwane namathuluzi, kanye nezinqubo ezifanele zokulawula imfucuza. Abalimi kufanele futhi babeke eqhulwini impilo nokuphila kahle kwezilwane zabo ngokuqinisekisa izimo zokuphila ezanele, banciphise ukucindezeleka, futhi banikeze ukudla okufanele kanye nokunakekelwa kwezilwane. Ukuqapha kanye nokugadwa kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokugula noma izifo phakathi kwezilwane kubalulekile ukuze zibonwe kusenesikhathi kanye nokungenelela ngokushesha. Ukwengeza, ukukhuthaza imfundo nokuqwashisa phakathi kwabalimi bemfuyo mayelana nezifo ze-zoonotic kanye nokubaluleka kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela kungabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekwehliseni izingozi ezihlobene nalezi zifo. Imizamo yokubambisana phakathi kwabalimi, odokotela bezilwane, kanye nezinhlaka ezifanele zokulawula ibalulekile ekudaleni indawo esimeme nephephile lapho kuncishiswa khona ukudluliswa kwezifo ze-zoonotic, kuvikela kokubili impilo yezilwane neyomuntu.
Ukufuywa kwemfuyo kanye nempilo yomhlaba wonke
Emkhakheni wezempilo emhlabeni wonke, ukufuywa kwemfuyo kuye kwavela njengendawo ebalulekile yokukhathazeka ngenxa yemiphumela engase ibe khona ezifweni ze-zoonotic. Izifo ze-Zoonotic yilezo ezingadluliselwa phakathi kwezilwane nabantu, zibeka engcupheni enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi. Ukusondelana phakathi kwabantu nezilwane ezindaweni zokufuya kudala indawo ekahle yokudlulisela nokukhulisa lezi zifo. Ukwengeza, isimo esijulile sezinhlelo zokukhiqiza imfuyo yesimanje kwandisa ingozi, njengoba izilwane eziningi zihlaliswa ndawonye, kudala amathuba okuba amagciwane asakaze ngokushesha. Ukuhlonzwa nokuqonda kwalokhu kuxhumana kubalulekile ukuze kusungulwe amasu asebenzayo okuvikela nokulawula izifo, ekugcineni kuvikelwe impilo yabantu neyezilwane.
Ukusebenzelana kwabantu nezilwane kanye nokusabalala kwezifo
Ukusebenzelana kwabantu nezilwane kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusakazekeni kwezifo ze-zoonotic, kugcizelela isidingo sokuqonda kabanzi lobu buhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho abantu besondelana eduze nezilwane, kungaba ngemikhuba yezolimo, ukuhweba ngezilwane zasendle, noma ubunikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo zasekhaya, ayanda amathuba okudluliselwa kwezifo. Amagciwane angasakazwa ngokuthintana ngqo nezilwane ezithelelekile, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane engcolisiwe, noma ukuchayeka emfuleni wezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungena kwemisebenzi yabantu ezindaweni zemvelo kwenza abantu bahlangane nezilwane zasendle ezingase zibe nezifo ezingaziwa. Ukutadisha amandla okusebenzelana kwabantu nezilwane kanye nomthelela wako ekusakazekeni kwezifo kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo kanye nokunciphisa ukuqubuka kwekusasa.
Ukubaluleka kokuphathwa kwemfucuza ngendlela efanele
Ukulawulwa kwemfucuza ngendlela efanele kubaluleke kakhulu embonini yokufuya ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo nokuphepha kwezilwane kanye nabantu. Udoti wemfuyo, njengomquba nezinto zokulala, zingaqukatha amagciwane kanye nokungcola kwemvelo okubeka engcupheni enkulu yezempilo uma kungalawulwa ngendlela efanele. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokulawula imfucuza, njengokugcinwa okufanele, ukuphatha, nezindlela zokulahla, abalimi banganciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amasu anjengokwenza umquba, ukugaya kwe-anaerobic, kanye nokusebenzisa umhlabathi ngendlela efanele komquba ukuze kwandiswe ukugaywa kabusha kwezakhi kanye nokunciphisa ukudedelwa kwezinto eziyingozi emoyeni, emanzini nasenhlabathini. Ukwengeza, ukulawulwa kwemfucuza ngendlela efanele kunomthelela ekusimameni kwawo wonke amapulazi ngokunciphisa umthelela ezinsizeni zemvelo nokuthuthukisa indawo enempilo kokubili izilwane zasemapulazini kanye nomphakathi ozungezile.
Imizamo yokubambisana yokulawula izifo
Ukulawula ngempumelelo ukusabalala kwezifo ze-zoonotic, imizamo yokubambisana ibalulekile. Lokhu kudinga ukubambisana nokuxhumana kwababambe iqhaza abahlukene okuhlanganisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ochwepheshe bezilwane, izinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi, nabalimi bemfuyo. Ngokusebenzisana, lezi zinhlangano zingabelana ngolwazi, izinsiza, kanye nekhono lokuhlonza nokubhekana nokuqubuka kwezifo okungase kube khona. Imizamo yokubambisana ingasiza futhi ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokugada ukuze kuqashwe amaphethini ezifo futhi kutholwe noma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kusenesikhathi. Ukwengeza, ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwemikhakha eyahlukene kungathuthukisa izinhlelo zocwaningo nentuthuko, okuholela ezisombululweni ezintsha zokulawula nokuvikela izifo. Ekugcineni, ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi nezinsiza zabo, imizamo yokubambisana ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni ubungozi obuhlobene nezifo ze-zoonotic kanye nokuvikela impilo yomphakathi.
FAQ
Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kokufuywa kanye nokuvela kwezifo ze-zoonotic?
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokufuywa kwemfuyo kanye nokuvela kwezifo ze-zoonotic bunzima. Ukufuya imfuyo kungadala izimo ezenza kube lula ukusulelana kwezifo ezilwaneni ziye kubantu. Izindlela zokulima eziqinile, njengokuminyana kanye nokungakhucululwa kwendle, kungandisa ingozi yokuqubuka kwezifo. Ukwengeza, ukusondelana kwabantu nemfuyo kwandisa amathuba okudluliselwa kwezifo. Imfuyo ingasebenza njengezindawo zokugcina amagciwane e-zoonotic, angase athelele abantu ngokuthintana ngokuqondile noma ngokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo engcolile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuzona zonke izifo ze-zoonotic ezixhumene ngokuqondile nokufuywa kwemfuyo, njengoba ezinye zingavela ezilwaneni zasendle noma kwezinye izindawo.
Izifo ze-zoonotic zisakazeka kanjani zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu esimweni sokufuywa kwemfuyo?
Izifo ze-Zoonotic zingasakazeka zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu esimweni sokufuywa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ukutheleleka okuqondile kungenzeka ngokuthintana nezilwane ezinegciwane noma uketshezi lwazo lomzimba, njengamathe noma indle. Ukudluliselwa okungaqondile kungenzeka ngokuchayeka endaweni engcolile, okokusebenza, noma imikhiqizo yokudla. Imikhuba yenhlanzeko enganele, izinyathelo ezingezinhle zokuvikeleka kwemvelo, kanye nezimo zokuminyana emapulazini kungandisa ingozi yokusakazeka kwezifo. Izinqubo ezithile zokulima njengezimakethe ezimanzi noma ukusondelana phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlukene nakho kungasiza ekusakazeni izifo ze-zoonotic. Ukuthuthwa kwendle okufanele, ukugoma, kanye nemithetho eqinile yokuphepha kwezilwane kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwalezi zifo.
Yiziphi ezinye izibonelo zezifo ze-zoonotic ezivela ekufuyweni?
Ezinye izibonelo zezifo ze-zoonotic ezivela ekufuyweni kwemfuyo zihlanganisa umkhuhlane wezinyoni (umkhuhlane wezinyoni), umkhuhlane wezingulube (umkhuhlane wezingulube), isifo segciwane le-Ebola, i-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), kanye nesifo sofuba sezinkomo. Lezi zifo zingatheleleka kubantu ngokuthintana ngqo nezilwane ezinalesi sifo noma uketshezi lwazo lomzimba, ukudla inyama engcolile noma imikhiqizo yobisi, noma ukuchayeka endaweni engcolile njengamapulazi noma izindawo zokuhlatshwa. Imikhuba efanele yenhlanzeko, ukugonywa kwezilwane, nokuqapha njalo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni ukusabalala kwalezi zifo ekufuyeni imfuyo.
Yiziphi izici ezingase zibe khona ekufuyweni kwemfuyo ezinomthelela ekusabalaleni kwezifo ze-zoonotic?
Ezinye zezinto ezingase zibe khona ekufuyweni kwemfuyo ezinomthelela ekudluliselweni kwezifo ze-zoonotic zihlanganisa ukuminyana nokungahlanzeki kahle endaweni ehlala izilwane, ukuntuleka kwezinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha kwezilwane, ukusondelana phakathi kwabantu nezilwane, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane emfuyweni. Lezi zici zingenza kube lula ukusabalala kwamagciwane phakathi kwezilwane nabantu, okwandisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo ze-zoonotic. Ukwengeza, ukuhweba emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuthuthwa kwemfuyo nakho kungabamba iqhaza ekusabalaliseni izifo ze-zoonotic. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuphatha amapulazi kanye nezinyathelo eziqinile zokuvikela i-biosecurity kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukusakazeka kwezifo ze-zoonotic ekufuyweni kwemfuyo.
Abalimi bemfuyo bangayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokudluliselwa kwesifo se-zoonotic ukuze bavikele impilo yabantu neyezilwane?
Abalimi bemfuyo banganciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo ze-zoonotic ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwenza izimiso ezinhle ze-biosecurity, njengokugcina indawo ehlanzekile nehlanzekile yezilwane, ukukhawulela ukufinyelela ezivakashini, kanye nokubulala amagciwane njalo amathuluzi. Ukuqapha njalo impilo kanye nezinhlelo zokugoma imfuyo nakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukubhebhetheka kwezifo. Ukwengeza, abalimi kufanele bakhuthaze ukuphathwa kahle kwemfucuza futhi baqinisekise ukuphathwa ngokuphephile nokulahlwa kwemikhiqizo yezilwane. Ukusebenzisana nodokotela bezilwane kanye nezikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi kubalulekile ekuqaliseni amasu asebenzayo okuqapha nokulawula izifo. Okokugcina, ukufundisa abalimi nabasebenzi ngezifo ze-zoonotic kanye nezindlela zokuzivikela kungaba nomthelela ekuvikeleni kokubili impilo yabantu neyezilwane.
