Ukulima kwasefekthri, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ezolimo zezimboni, kuyindlela yesimanje yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezilwane ngobuningi njengenyama, ubisi namaqanda. Nakuba iye yavumela ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuningi okuthengekayo, isihlolisiswe ngomthelela wayo ongemuhle endaweni ezungezile kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane. Nokho, imiphumela yokulima kwefekthri empilweni yabantu ngokuvamile iye yanganakwa. Lokhu kuhlaziya okubucayi kuhlose ukuhlola izindlela ezehlukene ukulima kwasefekthri okungaba nomthelela ngazo empilweni yabantu, ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye namahomoni kuya ekusakazekeni kwezifo okungase kube khona, lesi sihloko sizocubungula izingozi ezingaba khona zokusebenzisa imikhiqizo evela emapulazini efektri. Ukwengeza, izohlola imithelela yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha yale mboni kanye nomthelela wayo empilweni yabantu. Ngokuthuthuka kwezimboni zokulima, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiphumela engase ibe nayo le ndlela yokukhiqiza ukudla enhlalakahleni yethu. Ngokuhlolisisa imiphumela yokulima kwasefekthri empilweni yomuntu, singakwazi ukuqonda kangcono imithelela yesikhathi eside futhi senze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhetha kwethu ukudla.
Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kuholela ekungcoleni
Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu okuhlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene amandla okungcola. Le nkinga ibangelwa izici eziningana, okuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ezinganele, izindawo zokukhiqiza ezingahlanzekile, nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi. Uma imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu, kunengozi enkulu yokungcola okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, okungaba nemiphumela elimazayo empilweni yomuntu. Imikhiqizo engcolile ingangena emakethe futhi ifinyelele kubathengi, okuholela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezifweni ezitholakala ekudleni kuya ekuphenduleni okubi okubangelwa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi izimboni zibeke phambili izimiso eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi futhi zisebenzise izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ubungozi bokungcoliswa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ngobuningi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, bangavikela impilo yomphakathi futhi bagxilise ukuzethemba kwabathengi emikhiqizweni abayikhiqizayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kubangela izingozi zempilo
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene kubeka engcupheni enkulu yezempilo kubasebenzi nakubathengi ngokufanayo. Amakhemikhali avame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza, ezolimo, ngisho nasemikhiqizweni yansuku zonke esiyisebenzisayo, njengama-ejenti okuhlanza nezinto zokunakekela komuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, amaningi alawa makhemikhali axhunyaniswe nemiphumela emibi yezempilo, okuhlanganisa nezindaba zokuphefumula, ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, ukuphazamiseka kwamahomoni, ngisho nomdlavuza. Ukuchayeka kulezi zinto eziyingozi kungenzeka ngokuthintana ngqo, ngokuhogela isisi, noma ukumunywa, futhi imiphumela ingaba yesikhathi eside futhi ibe nzima. Kubalulekile ukuthi izimboni zibeke phambili ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela eziphephile, zisebenzise izindlela ezifanele zokuphatha nokugcina, futhi zinikeze izinyathelo ezanele zokuvikela abasebenzi ukuze banciphise izingozi zezempilo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi kufanele baziswe futhi banikezwe amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo abayithengayo, bakhethe leyo ebeka phambili ukuphepha futhi enciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali angaba yingozi. Ngokubhekana nalokhu kukhathazeka, singavikela impilo yabantu futhi sakhe indawo ephephile yawo wonke umuntu.
Ukuntuleka kokuhlukahluka kubangela izifo
Ukuntuleka kokuhlukahluka phakathi kwesibalo sabantu kungaba nemiphumela ejulile empilweni yonke kanye nokuthambekela kwezifo. Ukwakheka kwethu kwezakhi zofuzo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthambekela kwethu ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, futhi ukuntuleka kokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo kungashiya abantu besengozini kakhulu ezimeni ezithile zempilo. Emphakathini ohlukahlukene, abantu baphatha izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zofuzo ezinganikeza isivikelo ezifweni ezithile. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abanokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo okulinganiselwe, amathuba okuba sengozini yofuzo okwabelwana ngawo ayanda, okuvula indlela yokusabalala nokusabalala kwezifo ezithile. Lesi simo sibonakala ikakhulukazi kubantu abancane, abangabodwa noma emiphakathini lapho ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kunqunyelwe khona ngokwemvelo. Ngokuqaphela ukubaluleka kokuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo nokukhuthaza abantu abahlukahlukene, singalwela ukunciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene nezifo ezithile futhi sithuthukise imiphumela yezempilo iyonke emiphakathini yomhlaba wonke.
Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kuyanda
Ukuvela nokusabalala kokumelana nama-antibiotic kubangela usongo olukhulu empilweni yomphakathi yomhlaba wonke. Ama-antibiotics, ake abhekwa njengezidakamizwa ezimangalisayo, alahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo ngokumelene nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lokhu kwenyuka kokumelana nama-antibiotic kungabangelwa izici ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic emikhakheni yomibili yabantu nezilwane. Emkhakheni wokulima kwefekthri, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwama-antibiotic njengabagqugquzeli bokukhula emfuyweni kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamagciwane amelana. Lawa magciwane angadluliselwa kubantu ngokuthintana ngokuqondile, ngokudla ukudla okungcolile, noma ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ukwenyuka kwezifo ezimelana nama-antibiotic akugcini nje ngokubeka izinselele ekwelapheni izifo ezivamile kodwa futhi kwandisa izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi kubangela ingozi yezifo ezingelapheki esikhathini esizayo. Imizamo yokulwa nokumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane idinga indlela ephelele, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile kwama-antibiotic emikhakheni yomibili yezempilo yabantu neyezilwane, izinyathelo ezithuthukisiwe zokugada kanye nokulawula ukutheleleka, kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-antibiotic amasha kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nenkinga yokungazweli kwama-antibiotic emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yabantu futhi kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kwale mithi esindisa impilo.
Izithasiselo eziyingozi zithinta impilo yabathengi
Ucwaningo oluningi luveze ukuthi izithasiselo eziyingozi ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kokudla zingaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yabathengi. Lezi zithako, ezihlanganisa izinto ezilondolozayo, izinongo zokwenziwa, nama-colorants, ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka, ukubukeka, nempilo yeshalofu yokudla okugayiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuxhunyaniswe nezinkinga zezempilo ezahlukahlukene njengokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, ukungasebenzi kahle, kanye nezimo zesikhathi eside ezinjengomdlavuza. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalezi zithako embonini yokudla kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nezingozi ezingaba khona kubathengi, ikakhulukazi uma zisetshenziswa njalo isikhathi eside. Njengoba abathengi beqaphela kakhulu ukubaluleka kokudla okunempilo, kubalulekile ukubhekana nokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo eziyingozi futhi ubeke eqhulwini ukukhuthazwa kwezinketho zokudla kwemvelo nokunomsoco ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi.
Okuqukethwe okunomsoco okuphansi emikhiqizweni
Okunye okukhathazayo okubalulekile okuhlotshaniswa nokulima kwasefekthri okuqukethwe okuphansi kwezakhi ezitholakala emikhiqizweni yakhona eminingi. Izindlela zokulima zasefekthri zivame ukubeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo ngaphezu komsoco wokudla okukhiqizwayo. Izilwane ezikhuliswe ngaphansi kwezimo eziminyene futhi ezicindezelayo zivame ukondliwa ngokuphakelayo okushibhile nokusezingeni eliphansi, zintula imisoco ebalulekile. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics kanye nama-hormone okukhula kuphinde kuphazamise inani lokudla okunempilo kwemikhiqizo yokugcina. Ngenxa yalokho, abathengi bangase badle inyama, ubisi namaqanda bengazi, angenawo amavithamini abalulekile, amaminerali, nama-antioxidants adingekayo ukuze kugcinwe impilo enhle. Lokhu kushoda kokuqukethwe umsoco kungaba nemithelela yesikhathi eside empilweni yabantu, okuhlanganisa ubungozi obukhulayo bezifo ezingamahlalakhona njengokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, nezimo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ukuze kubhekwane nalolu daba, kubalulekile kubathengi ukuthi baqaphele ukushoda kokudla okunomsoco okungaba khona emikhiqizweni yasefekthri futhi bacabangele ukukhetha ukudla okutholakala ngokusimeme nokunokuziphatha okuhle okubeka kuqala ukubaluleka komsoco.
Ukwanda kwengozi yezifo ezitholakala ekudleni
Izindlela zokulima zasefekthri nazo zinomthelela ekwandeni kwengozi yezifo ezitholakala ekudleni. Izimo eziminyene nezingahlanzekile lapho izilwane zikhuliswa khona zinikeza indawo ekahle yokwanda kwamagciwane ayingozi njengeSalmonella, E. coli, neCampylobacter. Lamagciwane angangcolisa inyama, amaqanda, nemikhiqizo yobisi, kube usongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics ekulimeni kwefekthri kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo zamabhaktheriya amelana nama-antibiotic, okwenza kube inselele nakakhulu ukwelapha nokulawula ukuqubuka kwezifo ezitholakala ekudleni. Ukushoda kwemithethonqubo efanele kanye nokwengamela embonini kuqhubezela phambili inkinga, njengoba imikhiqizo engcolile ingase ingabonakali futhi ikhishwe emakethe ngesikhathi esifanele. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nenkinga yezifo ezitholakala ekudleni ezihambisana nokulima emafekthri ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi futhi kuvinjwe ukusabalala kwezifo ezingase zibe yingozi empilweni.
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kunomthelela empilweni yabantu
Imiphumela eyingozi yokungcoliswa kwemvelo empilweni yabantu ayinakugcizelelwa. Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisayo emoyeni, emanzini, nasenhlabathini kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo, kusukela ezindabeni zokuphefumula kuye ezinkingeni zemizwa kanye nomdlavuza. Ukungcoliswa komoya, okubangelwa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuvela ezimbonini, ezimotweni, nakweminye imithombo, kungakhubaza izimo zokuphefumula ezikhona njengesifuba somoya kanye ne-bronchitis, futhi kwandise ingozi yokuba nezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, okubangelwa imfucumfucu yezimboni nokugeleza kwezolimo, kungangcolisa imithombo yamanzi okuphuza futhi kubangele izifo zamathumbu nezifo ezibangelwa amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi, ngokuvamile okubangelwa ukulahlwa okungafanele kwemfucumfucu eyingozi, kungangcolisa izitshalo futhi kubangele ukuba khona kwezinto ezinobuthi ohlelweni lwethu lokudla. Umthelela wokungcoliswa kwemvelo empilweni yabantu uyinkinga ebalulekile edinga ukunakwa okuphuthumayo kanye nezinyathelo eziphelele zokunciphisa imiphumela yako eyingozi.
Umthelela omubi emiphakathini yendawo
Ukuba khona kwamapulazi embonini emiphakathini yendawo kungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ezicini ezihlukahlukene zempilo yomphakathi. Omunye wemiphumela ebonakala kakhulu ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yomoya. Amapulazi efekthri akhipha isamba esikhulu sokungcola komoya okufana ne-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide, nezinhlayiyana emkhathini ozungezile. Lokhu kungcola kungabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula futhi kwandise izimo zokuphefumula ezikhona phakathi kwamalungu omphakathi. Iphunga elibi elikhishwa amafekthri amapulazi lingaphinda lidale indawo yokuhlala engathandeki, lithinte izinga lempilo kubahlali basendaweni. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics kanye nama-hormone okukhula ekulimeni kwefekthri kungaholela ekuveleni kwamabhaktheriya amelana nama-antibiotic, abeka usongo empilweni yomphakathi. Imithelela engemihle emiphakathini yendawo ngenxa yokulima kwasefemini igqamisa isidingo sezinqubo zezolimo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo nezisimeme ezibeka eqhulwini inhlalakahle yabantu kanye nemvelo.
Ukubaluleka kwezinqubo zokulima ezisimeme
Izindlela zokulima ezisimeme zidlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nemiphumela eyingozi yokulima kwasefemini empilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezisimeme, njengokulima okuphilayo, ukulima okuzivuselelayo, nokushintshanisa izitshalo, abalimi banganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, banciphise ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi, futhi bakhuthaze ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Le mikhuba ayithuthukisi nje kuphela ikhwalithi yokudla okunempilo ekhiqizwayo kodwa futhi ivikela nempilo yabathengi. Ukulima okusimeme nakho kugcizelela ukuphathwa kobuntu kwezilwane, ukugwema ukuminyana kanye nezimo ezicindezelayo ezidlangile emapulazini emboni. Ngokubeka eqhulwini izindlela zokulima ezisimeme, singavikela impilo yethu, sikhuthaze ukunakekelwa kwemvelo, futhi siqinisekise ikusasa elisimeme ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Sengiphetha, kusobala ukuthi ukulima kwasefemini kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni yabantu. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane okuholela ekukhuleni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, kuya ekungcolisweni nasekungcolisweni komoya namanzi ethu, kusobala ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwenyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Njengabathengi, kubalulekile ukuzifundisa futhi senze izinqumo ezinengqondo mayelana nokudla esikudlayo ukuze singagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa impilo yethu, kodwa futhi sikhuthaze izinqubo ezisimeme kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha embonini yokudla. Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi sicabange kabusha ukuthembela kwethu ekulimeni kwasefekthri futhi sihlole ezinye izindlela, ezisimeme kakhudlwana zokukhiqiza ukudla ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yethu kanye nempilo yeplanethi yethu.
FAQ
Ukulima kwasefekthri kunomthelela kanjani ekusabalaleni kokumelana nama-antibiotic futhi yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona empilweni yabantu?
Ukulima kwasefekthri kunomthelela ekusabalaleni kokumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane ngokunikeza ama-antibiotic njalo ezilwaneni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula nokuvimbela izifo ezimeni eziminyene nezingahlanzekile. Lo mkhuba uvumela amagciwane ukuthi akwazi ukumelana nale mithi, engadluliselwa kubantu ngokudla inyama engcolile noma ngokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Imiphumela engaba khona empilweni yabantu ihlanganisa ubunzima obukhulayo ekwelapheni izifo ezivamile, amazinga aphezulu okufa, kanye nezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezikhuphukayo. Ukwengeza, ukusabalala kokumelana nama-antibiotic kungaholela ekuveleni kwama-superbugs, amelana nama-antibiotic amaningi futhi abeke usongo olukhulu empilweni yomphakathi.
Yiziphi izingozi eziyinhloko zezempilo ezihlobene nokudla inyama kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi evela ezilwaneni ezifuywa emapulazini efektri?
Ukudla inyama kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi evela ezilwaneni ezikhuliswe emapulazini emboni kungadala izingozi eziningi zempilo. Okokuqala, lezi zilwane zivame ukunikezwa ama-antibiotics ukuvimbela izifo, okungaholela ekuphikisweni kwama-antibiotic kubantu. Okwesibili, izilwane ezifuywa efekthri zingase ziphakelwe izitshalo ezishintshwe izakhi, ezingaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu. Ukwengeza, amazinga aphezulu amafutha agcwele kanye ne-cholesterol etholakala enyameni nasemikhiqizo yobisi evela emapulazini efektri aye axhunyaniswa nezifo zenhliziyo. Izimo ezicindezelayo zokulima zingabangela futhi ukungcoliswa kwenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi ngamabhaktheriya ayingozi, njenge-E. coli ne-Salmonella, engabangela izifo ezitholakala ekudleni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hormone okukhula nezinye izithasiselo ekulimeni kwefekthri kuyithinta kanjani impilo yabantu?
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hormone okukhula nezinye izithasiselo ekulimeni kwefekthri kungaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu. Lawa makhemikhali anganqwabelana enyameni, obisini, nasemaqandeni akhiqizwa izilwane ezifuywa efekthri futhi angase abangele izingozi kubathengi. Ucwaningo luhlobanise ukusetshenziswa kwale mikhiqizo nengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga ezithile zezempilo, okuhlanganisa ukungalingani kwamahomoni, ukumelana nama-antibiotic, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Ukwengeza, imikhuba yokulima efekthri, njengokuminyana nezimo ezingahlanzekile, ingaba nomthelela ekusakazekeni kwezifo ezingase zibe nomthelela empilweni yabantu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zingozi zezempilo ezingase zibe khona futhi ucabangele enye indlela, imithombo yokudla esimeme kakhudlwana.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela yezempilo yesikhathi eside kubasebenzi basemapulazini efektri, njengezinkinga zokuphefumula noma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali ayingozi?
Yebo, abasebenzi basemapulazini amafekthri bangathola imiphumela yezempilo yesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa nezindaba zokuphefumula kanye nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali ayingozi. Izimo ezivaleleke neziminyene kulawa mapulazi zingaholela emazingeni anyukile othuli, i-ammonia, nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya, ezingaba nomthelela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula njengesifuba somoya kanye ne-bronchitis engapheli. Ukwengeza, izisebenzi zingase zichayeke kumakhemikhali ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa ekukhuliseni izilwane, njengezibulala-zinambuzane, ama-antibiotic, nezibulala-magciwane, angaba nemiphumela elimazayo empilweni yazo. Imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo nedinga ngokomzimba ehilelekile ekulimeni kwasefekthri ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha nokulimala kwabasebenzi.
Yiziphi ezinye zezixazululo ezingaba khona noma ezinye izindlela zokulima efekthri ezingasiza ekwehliseni imiphumela emibi yezempilo kubantu?
Ezinye izixazululo ezingaba khona noma ezinye izindlela zokulima efekthri ezingasiza ukunciphisa imiphumela engemihle yezempilo kubantu zihlanganisa ukukhuthaza nokweseka izindlela zokulima ngokwemvelo, ukukhuthaza ukulima kwendawo nokuqhubekayo, ukusebenzisa imithetho nezindinganiso eziqinile ngenhlalakahle yezilwane nokuphepha kokudla, ukukhuthaza ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kanye ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama, kanye nokutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kweminye imithombo yamaprotheni njengenyama ekhulisiwe noma okunye okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Ukwengeza, ukusekela amasistimu okulima amancane, ahlukahlukene, ukukhuthaza i-agroecology kanye nezinqubo zezolimo ezivuselelayo, kanye nokuqalisa izinhlelo zepulazi kuya etafuleni nakho kungaba nomthelela ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni kokudla okunempilo.
