Ukulima kwasefekthri sekuyinto evamile embonini yokudla, okuhlinzeka ngendlela eshibhile nephumelelayo yokukhiqiza inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi ngobuningi. Nokho, le ndlela yokulima iphakamise ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngomthelela empilweni yethu. Indlela izilwane ezikhuliswa ngayo kulezi zikhungo, zivalelwe ezindaweni ezincane futhi ziphahlwe ngama-antibiotics nama-hormone okukhula, kubangele ukuthuthukiswa kwezingozi eziyingozi zezempilo kubathengi. Kulo mbhalo webhulogi, sizocubungula imiphumela eyingozi yokusebenzisa inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi evela emapulazini efektri.
Umthelela omubi wokulima kwefekthri empilweni yabantu ube yisihloko sengxoxo phakathi kochwepheshe bezempilo kanye nezishoshovu zamalungelo ezilwane iminyaka. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane ezilwaneni kuye kwaholela ekwandeni kwamagciwane amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, okwenza kube usongo olukhulu empilweni yomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hormone okukhula asetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukukhula kwezilwane aye axhunyaniswa nokuthomba, umdlavuza webele, kanye nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye kubantu.
1. Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kuyakhathaza.
Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kuyinkinga ekhulayo emhlabeni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nempilo yomphakathi ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile ama-antibiotics kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ekulimeni kwefekthri. Ama-antibiotics ngokuvamile anikezwa izilwane ekudleni noma emanzini ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo, kodwa lo mkhuba ungaholela ekwakhiweni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic angaba yingozi kubantu. Lawa mabhaktheriya amelana nawo angasakazeka kubantu ngokudla inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi, kanye nangokuthintana nemithombo yemvelo engcolile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubhekana nenkinga yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic ekulimeni kwefekthri ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kwama-antibiotic ekwelapheni izifo zabantu nokuvikela impilo yomphakathi.
2. Ukulima emafekthri kwehlisa isithunzi semvelo.
Ukulima emafekthri kuwuhlelo lokukhulisa imfuyo ezindaweni ezivalekile ngenhloso yokwandisa umkhiqizo kanye nenzuzo. Ngeshwa, le ndlela yokulima iyingozi enkulu endaweni ezungezile. Kusukela ebuningini bemfucuza ekhiqizwa izilwane kuye ekungcolisweni okubangelwa ukuthuthwa nokucubungula imikhiqizo yazo, ukulima kwasefekthri kunomthelela omkhulu ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamakhemikhali, umanyolo, nezibulala-zinambuzane nakho kunomthelela omubi enhlabathini naseqophelweni lamanzi. Ukwengeza, umkhuba wokugawulwa kwezindawo zamapulazi ezimboni uholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokulahlekelwa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Le miphumela elimazayo endaweni ezungezile kufanele ibe ukukhathazeka okukhulu kunoma ubani owazisa ukusimama kanye nempilo yeplanethi yethu.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni ezilwaneni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni ezilwaneni kuwumkhuba ovamile ekulimeni kwefekthri. Amahomoni asetshenziselwa ukwandisa izinga lokukhula nesisindo sezilwane, ngaleyo ndlela andise inzuzo embonini. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni ezilwaneni kungaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu. Amahomoni angaphazamisa uhlelo lwe-endocrine, okuholela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezahlukahlukene njengokuthomba emantombazaneni, ukungazali, ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni ezilwaneni kungaholela ekuphikisweni kwama-antibiotic, njengoba le mithi ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana namahomoni. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi baqaphele izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokudla inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi ezilwaneni ezilashwe ngamahomoni, futhi bacabangele eminye imithombo yamaprotheni ukuze bavikele impilo yabo.
4. Amathuba okuba nezifo ezitholakala ekudleni.
Ukulima emafekthri kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile embonini yenyama neyobisi osekulethe ukukhathazeka okuningi mayelana nempilo yomphakathi. Enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka kube nezifo ezitholakala ekudleni okubangelwa ukudla imikhiqizo yezilwane evela emapulazini emboni. Izilwane ezifuywe ezindaweni ezinjalo zivame ukuminyana, ukukhucululwa kwendle, nokungondleki ngendlela efanele, okuzenza zingenwe kalula izifo nezifo. Ngenxa yalokho, angase abe namagciwane ayingozi afana ne-E. coli, i-Salmonella, ne-Campylobacter, engangcolisa inyama, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane. Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yezilwane engcolisiwe kungaholela ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo ezitholakala ekudleni, kusukela ku-gastroenteritis emaphakathi kuya ezimeni ezinzima ezidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile kubathengi ukuthi baqaphele ubungozi obuhlobene nokulima kwasefekthri futhi bacabangele eminye imithombo yamaprotheni ukuze bavikele impilo yabo.
5. Imiphumela engemihle enhlalakahleni yezilwane.
Enye yezinto ezithinta kakhulu ukulima kwasefekthri imiphumela emibi enayo enhlalakahleni yezilwane. Izilwane ezifuywayo zasefekthri zivame ukuba ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphila ezinonya, okuhlanganisa ukuminyana, ukungakwazi ukuthola ukudla okusha namanzi, kanye nendawo elinganiselwe yokuhambahamba. Izilwane zivame ukugcinwa emakhejini aminyene noma ezibayeni, okungaholela ezindabeni zezempilo ezifana nezifo kanye nezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulima kwasefekthri kuvame ukuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwama-hormone okukhula kanye nama-antibiotics, okungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yezilwane kanye nenhlalakahle jikelele. Ukuphathwa kabi kwezilwane emapulazini efektri akugcini nje ngokuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwezimiso zokuziphatha kodwa futhi kubeka engcupheni impilo yabantu ngokukhulisa ukusabalala kwezifo nezifo.
6. Ukulima kwezimboni kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ukulima kwezimboni, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukulima kwasefekthri, kunomthelela omkhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuthembela ezitshalweni zokulima okukodwa kwezilwane, njengommbila nobhontshisi wesoya, kuye kwaphumela ekulahlekelweni indawo yokuhlala kwezinhlobo eziningi zemvelo. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-khula ekulimeni kwezimboni kube nomthelela ekwehleni kwezinto ezithwala impova njengezinyosi nezimvemvane, ezibalulekile ekulondolozeni ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Izinqubo ezisetshenziswa ekulimeni kwasefemini nazo zinomthelela ekubhebhethekeni kwezifo ezilwaneni, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni yibo bonke abantu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela umthelela wokukhetha kwethu ukudla ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuhlola ezinye izindlela ezisimeme nezinokuziphatha okuhle esikhundleni sokulima kwezimboni.
7. Umthelela emiphakathini yendawo.
Ukulima emafekthri kunomthelela omkhulu emiphakathini yendawo. Le misebenzi ivame ukuholela ekucekeleni phansi kwamapulazi emindeni emincane kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo ezandleni zezinkampani ezimbalwa ezinkulu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kube nomthelela ekwehleni kwemiphakathi yasemakhaya, njengoba kulahleka imisebenzi namathuba omnotho. Amapulazi ezimboni nawo akhiqiza imfucuza eningi, engangcolisa imithombo yamanzi nomoya oseduze, kuthinte impilo nokuphila kahle kwalabo abahlala endaweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics ekulimeni kwefekthri kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, angasabalala adlule epulazini nasemphakathini. Umthelela wokulima kwasefekthri emiphakathini yendawo ugqamisa isidingo sezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukudla ezisimeme futhi ezinesimilo.
8. Izindleko zangempela zenyama eshibhile.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela izindleko zangempela zenyama eshibhile, futhi yizindleko ezidlulela ngale kwenani lentengo esitolo segrosa. Ukulima kwasefekthri, okukhiqiza iningi lenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi esetshenziswa namuhla, kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic ekudleni kwezilwane kuye kwaholela ekwandeni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, abeka usongo olukhulu empilweni yomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhuba yokulima efektri iye yahlotshaniswa nokungcoliswa komoya namanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Njengabathengi, kubalulekile ukucabangela izindleko zangempela zenyama eshibhile futhi senze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi esikhetha ukuyidla.
9. Izimiso zokuziphatha zokulima efekthri.
Izimiso zokuziphatha zokulima efekthri seziphenduke isihloko esikhathazayo kabanzi phakathi kwabathengi abakhathalela impilo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kwezolimo kuholele ohlelweni olubeka phambili inzuzo ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yezilwane, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Amapulazi ezimboni avame ukuminyana, angcolile, futhi anonya ezilwaneni, okuholela ekuhluphekeni kwazo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula nokuvimbela izifo ezilwaneni kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic, abeka usongo empilweni yomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokulima zasefekthri zinomthelela omubi emvelweni, kusukela ekungcolisweni kwemizila yamanzi kuya ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Njengoba abathengi bezazi kangcono lezi zinkinga, bakhetha ukusekela izindlela zokulima ezilungile nezisimeme ngokunciphisa ukudla kwabo inyama nobisi noma ukufuna imikhiqizo emapulazini amancane, angabantu.
10. Izixazululo zekusasa elisimeme.
Ukuqinisekisa ikusasa elisimeme, kubalulekile ukubhekana nemithelela yemvelo nempilo yokulima efekthri. Isixazululo esisodwa ukwamukela ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni, okuye kwaboniswa ukuthi kune-carbon footprint ephansi futhi kunciphise ingozi yezifo ezingapheli. Ukwengeza, ukusekela izinqubo zokulima ezisimeme ezifana nezolimo ezivuselelayo kanye ne-agroforestry kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa futhi kukhuthaze ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Esinye isixazululo siwukunciphisa ukumosheka kokudla ngokudla kuphela lokho okudingekayo bese wenza umquba wezinsalela zokudla ezisele. Ukutshala imali kumandla avuselelekayo kanye nokukhuthaza ezokuthutha ezisimeme nakho kungaba nomthelela ekusaseni eliluhlaza. Ngokuthatha lezi zinyathelo, singasebenzela ikusasa elisimeme ngokwethu nezizukulwane ezizayo.
Sengiphetha, izingozi zokudla inyama kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi evela ekulima kwefekthri azikwazi ukushaywa indiva. Imiphumela yezempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni ibalulekile, inamandla okubhebhetheka kwezifo, ukumelana nama-antibiotic, nokulimala kwemvelo. Kubalulekile ukuzifundisa ngemithombo yokudla kwethu futhi sicabangele ezinye izinketho ezifana nokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni noma ukuthola amapulazi endawo, aqhubekayo. Sonke sinendima okufanele siyidlale ekudaleni uhlelo lokudla olunempilo futhi oluzinzile, futhi luqala ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokudla esikudlayo.
