Imithi elwa namagciwane iye yanconywa njengenye yentuthuko enkulu yezokwelapha yenkathi yanamuhla, inikeza ithuluzi elinamandla lokulwa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Nokho, njenganoma yiliphi ithuluzi elinamandla, kuhlale kunethuba lokusebenzisa kabi nemiphumela engahlosiwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic embonini yezolimo kuye kwadala inkinga yomhlaba wonke: ukumelana nama-antibiotic. Ukukhula kokulima kwasefekthri, okugxile ekukhiqizweni kwemfuyo ngobuningi ezindaweni ezivalekile, ezimweni ezingahlanzekile, sekuholele ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kwama-antibiotic ekudleni kwezilwane njengendlela yokuvimbela nokwelapha izifo. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo nokuphila kahle kwemfuyo, kuye kwaba nemiphumela engalindelekile nelimazayo kokubili kwezilwane nempilo yabantu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umkhuba oshaqisayo wokungazweli ngama-antibiotic kanye nokuxhumana kwawo nomsebenzi wokulima kwasefekthri. Sizongena kwisayensi engemuva kwalolu daba, umthelela onalo ohlelweni lwethu lokudla kanye nempilo yomphakathi, nokuthi yini engenziwa ukubhekana nalolu daba olunzima.
Inkinga yezempilo yomhlaba wonke: Ukungazweli kwemithi elwa namagciwane kuchazwe
Udaba lokumelana nama-antibiotic seluphenduke inselele yezempilo emhlabeni wonke, enomthelela omubi ngekusasa lomuthi. Ukuphenya ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics kwezolimo kwezilwane kunomthelela kanjani kule nkinga kuye kwasikhanyisela ngesidingo esiphuthumayo sezinye izindlela zokulima. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-antibiotics ekulimeni kwasefekthri kuye kwaholela ekwakhekeni kwamagciwane amelana nemithi, okwenza ama-antibiotic amaningi angasebenzi ekwelapheni izifo ezivamile. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokubeka usongo empilweni yabantu kodwa futhi kubeka engcupheni ukusebenza kwezokwelapha, ukuhlinzwa, ngisho nokuvinjelwa kwezifo kubantu abasengozini. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kunesidingo esikhulayo sezinqubo zokulima ezisimeme ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane, zinciphise ukuncika kuma-antibiotics, futhi zikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic okunesibopho kuzo zombili izimo zokunakekelwa kwempilo yezilwane nabantu. Ngokwamukela izinqubo ezinjalo, singakwazi ukunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ukulima kwasefekthri futhi sivikele ukusebenza kahle kwama-antibiotic ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics kwezolimo
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo kuyisici esibalulekile esinomthelela enkingeni yezempilo yomhlaba wonke yokungazweli ngama-antibiotic. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-antibiotics kwezolimo zezilwane, ikakhulukazi ekulimeni kwasefekthri, kuholele ekuqhamukeni nasekusakazekeni kwamagciwane amelana nemithi. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwenzeka njengendlela yokuvimbela ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokuvimbela izifo ezimeni eziminyene nezingahlanzekile. Nokho, lo mkhuba unemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu. Ukudluliswa kwamagciwane amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane esuka ezilwaneni aye kubantu ngokuthintana ngokuqondile, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama engcolile, noma ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuye kwaphumela ekuthelelekeni okunzima, noma okungenakwenzeka, ukwelapha ngama-antibiotic avamile. Ukuze kubhekwane nalolu daba, kubalulekile ukuhlola nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokulima ezibeka eqhulwini ukulima okusimeme, kuncishiswe ukuthembela emithini elwa namagciwane, futhi kukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inhlalakahle yezilwane ethuthukisiwe, ukukhucululwa kwendle kanye nenhlanzeko engcono, kanye nokwakhiwa kwemithi yokugoma kanye nezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic ukuze kuvinjwe izifo ezilwaneni. Ngokubhekana nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo, singanciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ukulima kwasefekthri empilweni yethu yomhlaba wonke.
Umthelela empilweni yomuntu emhlabeni wonke
Ukuphenya ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics kwezolimo kwezilwane kufaka isandla kanjani enkingeni yezempilo yomhlaba wonke yokungazweli ngama-antibiotic, ngezingxoxo ezingezinye izindlela zokulima, kuveza umthelela omkhulu empilweni yabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kubangela usongo olukhulu empilweni yomphakathi, njengoba kunciphisa ukusebenza kwama-antibiotic ekwelapheni izifo ezivamile futhi kwandisa ingozi yezinkinga nokufa. Ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic asebenzayo, izinqubo zezokwelapha ezivamile ezinjengokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, nokufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba ziba yingozi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthwalo wezomnotho wokungazweli ngama-antibiotic mkhulu, ngokwenyuka kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuhlala isikhathi eside esibhedlela, nokulahlekelwa ukukhiqiza. Njengoba ukumelana nama-antibiotic kungayazi imingcele, kubalulekile ukuthi amazwe abambisane futhi asebenzise amasu aphelele okubhekana nalolu daba olucindezelayo. Ngokwamukela izinqubo zokulima ezisimeme kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemithi elwa namagciwane kwezolimo zezilwane, singanciphisa umonakalo ongabambisana wokulima kwasefekthri futhi sivikele impilo yezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuphenya izindlela zokulima zasefekthri
Ukuphenya ngezinqubo zokulima zasefekthri kwembula uchungechunge lwezindaba ezinomthelela enkingeni yezempilo yomhlaba wonke yokungazweli ngama-antibiotic. Ukulima kwasefekthri, okubonakala ngezimo eziminyana nezingahlanzekile, kuvame ukuncika kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile kwemithi elwa namagciwane ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokuvikela izifo ezilwaneni. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane kwezolimo kwezilwane kudala indawo lapho amagciwane engakwazi ukumelana nomzimba, okwenza le mithi ebalulekile ingasebenzi kahle ekwelapheni kokubili izifo zezilwane nabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela eziqinile ezisetshenziswa ekulimeni kwamafekthri zingaholela ekubhebhethekeni kwezifo, ezifana nomkhuhlane wezinyoni kanye nomkhuhlane wezingulube, ezingase zidale imiqedazwe ebhubhisayo emhlabeni wonke. Ukuqonda imithelela yezinqubo zokulima zasefekthri kubalulekile ekuhlonzeni ezinye izindlela zokulima ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane, ezikhuthaza ukulima okusimeme, kanye nokunciphisa izingozi zokungazweli ngama-antibiotic ngenxa yempilo yomphakathi.
Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic
Ukuhlola ezinye izindlela zokulima kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nodaba lokumelana nama-antibiotic kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kule mithi kwezolimo zezilwane. Enye indlela ihilela ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela, njengokuthuthukisa izimo zezindlu zezilwane ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi nokusebenzisa izimiso eziqinile zokuphepha kwezilwane. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni isidingo sama-antibiotic ngokuvimbela ukuqubuka nokusabalala kwezifo. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokugoma kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amasosha omzimba ezilwane futhi kunciphise amathuba okuba nezifo. Enye indlela ukusetshenziswa kwama-probiotics kanye nama-prebiotics, akhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane anenzuzo emathunjini ezilwane, okuthuthukisa ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba futhi kunciphise isidingo sama-antibiotics. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa izindlela zokulima eziphilayo, njengokudlisa ngokushintshana kanye nezinhlelo zokutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene, kungaba nomthelela ezilwaneni ezinempilo futhi kunciphise isidingo sama-antibiotics esikhathini eside. Ukwamukela lezi ezinye izindlela zokulima akugcini nje ngokukhuthaza inhlalakahle yezilwane kodwa futhi kunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nokungazweli ngama-antibiotic, ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi yomhlaba wonke.
Izindlela zokulima eziqhubekayo zezilwane
Ukuphenya ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics kwezolimo kwezilwane kunomthelela kanjani enkingeni yezempilo yomhlaba wonke yokuphikiswa kwama-antibiotic, ngezingxoxo ngezinye izindlela zokulima, kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwezindlela ezisimeme ekukhuliseni izilwane. Enye indlela enjalo iwukulima okuzivuselelayo, okugxile ekubuyiseleni nasekuthuthukiseni impilo yenhlabathi, izitshalo nezilwane. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokudlisa ngokushintshana, lapho izilwane ziyiswa emadlelweni ahlukene njalo, abalimi bangathuthukisa ukuvunda komhlabathi, bakhuthaze ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, futhi banciphise ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo ze-agroforestry, lapho izihlahla nezilimo zitshalwa ndawonye, kunikeza izilwane umthunzi nendawo yokukhosela, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kanye nesidingo semithi. Ukugcizelela ukudla kwemvelo kanye nemithombo yefolishi, kunokuthembela kuma-antibiotics ukukhuthaza ukukhula, kungasekela impilo yemvelo yezilwane kanye nokuphila kahle. Izindlela zokulima ezisimeme zibeka phambili inhlalakahle yonke yezilwane kuyilapho kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, kube neqhaza endaweni enempilo futhi kunciphise izingozi zokungazweli ngama-antibiotic.
Ukunciphisa ukusabalala kokumelana
Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinile ze-biosecurity kubalulekile ekwehliseni ukusabalala kokungazweli kwezolimo zezilwane. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezinjengokunciphisa ukufinyelela epulazini kubasebenzi abangagunyaziwe, ukuhlanza njalo nokubulala amagciwane amathuluzi nezindawo, nokusebenzisa imigomo yokuvalelwa kwezilwane ezintsha, ubungozi bokwethula nokusabalalisa amagciwane amelana bungancishiswa kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ukwenza ngcono ukugada kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha futhi kuphendule ukuqubuka kwezifo ezingazweli kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwazo ngaphakathi naphakathi kwamapulazi. Izinhlelo zokugoma nazo zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni isidingo semithi elwa namagciwane ngokuvimbela ukuvela kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Lezi zinyathelo, zihlangene nezinqubo zokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ezinomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezinye izindlela zokulima, zibalulekile ekulweni nenkinga yezempilo yomhlaba wonke yokumelana nama-antibiotic okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo zezilwane.
Izikhalo zezempilo zomphakathi zixazululiwe
Ukuphenya ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics kwezolimo kwezilwane kufaka isandla kanjani enkingeni yezempilo yomhlaba wonke yokungazweli ngama-antibiotic, nezingxoxo ngezinye izindlela zokulima, kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nokukhathazeka kwezempilo yomphakathi. Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kubangela usongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu, njengoba kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwale mithi esindisa impilo. Ngokuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kokulima kwasefekthri kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokumelana nama-antibiotic, izinyathelo zingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe lo monakalo wesibambiso. Ukwamukelwa kwezinye izindlela zokulima, njengezinhlelo zemvelo kanye nedlelo, kunganciphisa ukuthembela kuma-antibiotics ngokukhuthaza impilo yezilwane ngokusebenzisa izindlela zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufundisa abalimi kanye nabathengi mayelana nemiphumela yokungazweli kwama-antibiotic kanye nokumela imithetho eqinile kanye nokwengamela embonini kungasiza ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi futhi kuvimbele ukusakazeka okuqhubekayo kwamagciwane angazweli. Ngokubhekana nalokhu kukhathazeka, singasebenzela ikusasa lapho ama-antibiotic ehlala esebenza kahle ekwelapheni izifo kanye nokuvikela impilo yabantu.
Indima yezinketho zabathengi
Izinketho zabathengi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nenkinga yezempilo yomhlaba wonke yokumelana nama-antibiotic okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo zezilwane. Njengabathengi abanolwazi, izinqumo esizenzayo mayelana nokudla esikuthengayo nesikudlayo zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ezenzweni zokulima ezisetshenziswa yimboni. Ngokukhetha imikhiqizo evela emapulazini abeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane, asebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezisimeme, futhi anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane, singakwazi ukudala isidingo sezenzo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha. Ukwengeza, ukusekela abalimi bendawo abenza izinhlelo ze-organic kanye namadlelo kungaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ukuthembela kuma-antibiotics futhi kukhuthaze uhlelo lokudla olunempilo noluzinzile. Amandla asezinqumweni zethu, futhi ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, singaba neqhaza ekwehliseni umonakalo owenziwe ukulima kwasefekthri futhi silwe nokumelana nama-antibiotic ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yomhlaba.
Ukuqhubekela ekusasa elinempilo.
Njengoba silwela ukuthola ikusasa elinempilo, kubalulekile ukuphenya ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics kwezolimo kwezilwane kunomthelela kanjani enkingeni yezempilo yomhlaba wonke yokungazweli ngama-antibiotic. Ngokuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinqubo zokulima zasefekthri kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane amelana nemithi, singahlola ezinye izindlela zokulima ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nokugcinwa kwempilo yabantu. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinqubo zokulima ezisimeme, njengezinhlelo eziphilayo kanye namadlelo, ezinciphisa isidingo semithi elwa namagciwane. Ukutshala izimali ocwaningweni nasekusunguleni ezinye izixazululo kanye nokukhuthaza izindlela zokulawula ezinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo zezilwane kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvikela impilo yomphakathi kanye nokuqinisekisa ikusasa elisimeme ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Ngokubhekana nodaba ezimpandeni zayo, singavula indlela yesimiso sokudla esinempilo nesiqinile esisekela ukuphila kahle kwabantu nezilwane.
Sengiphetha, kusobala ukuthi ukulima kwasefekthri kudlala indima enkulu odabeni olukhulayo lokumelana nama-antibiotic. Njengabathengi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinqubo nemiphumela engase ibe khona embonini yokudla. Ngokusekela izinqubo zokulima ezisimeme nezinokuziphatha, singasiza ekwehliseni isidingo sama-antibiotics kwezolimo lwezilwane futhi ekugcineni sivikele nempilo yethu. Kubalulekile kubo bobabili abantu kanye nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ukubhekana nalolu daba ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kwama-antibiotic ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
FAQ
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ekulimeni kwefekthri kunomthelela kanjani ekukhuleni kokumelana nama-antibiotic kuma-bacteria?
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics ekulimeni kwefekthri kunomthelela ekwenyukeni kokumelana nama-antibiotic kubhaktheriya ngoba kudala indawo ekahle yokuthuthukiswa nokusabalala kwezinhlobo ezingazweli. Emapulazini efektri, ama-antibiotics avame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvimbela noma ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemfuyo. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic kulesi silungiselelo kuholela ekukhethweni nasekusindeni kwamagciwane amelana nale mithi. Lawa mabhaktheriya amelana nawo angadluliselwa kubantu ngokudla inyama noma ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, okungase kubangele izifo ezinzima ukwelapha. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics ekulimeni kwefekthri kunomthelela ekuveleni kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic.
Yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona yokumelana nama-antibiotic mayelana nempilo yabantu kanye nempumelelo yokwelashwa kwemithi?
Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kubangela usongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemithi yokwelapha. Kungaholela ezifweni ezithatha isikhathi eside, ukwanda kwamazinga okufa, kanye nezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo eziphakeme. Lapho ama-antibiotic engasebenzi, izifo ezivamile ezifana nenyumoniya noma izifo zomgudu womchamo zingaba nzima kakhulu ukuzelapha, okungase kuholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu noma ngisho nokufa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlinzwa nokwelashwa komdlavuza okuncike kuma-antibiotics ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izifo kungase kube ingozi. Ukwanda kwamagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic nakho kukhawulela izinketho zokwelapha, okuphoqa abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthi basebenzise ezinye izidakamizwa ezibiza kakhulu nezingaba nobuthi. Ukubhekana nokungazweli kwama-antibiotic kubalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yabantu kanye nokugcina ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezokwelapha.
Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela noma izinqubo ezingase zisetshenziswe ekulimeni kwasefekthri ukuze kuncishiswe isidingo sama-antibiotics?
Yebo, kunezinye izindlela nezindlela ezingasetshenziswa ekulimeni kwasefekthri ukuze kuncishiswe isidingo sama-antibiotics. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwenza ngcono inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nezimo zokuphila, ukusebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha kwemvelo, ukukhuthaza ukungatheleleki kwemvelo kanye nokumelana nezifo ngokuzalanisa okukhethiwe noma ukuguqulwa kofuzo, ukusebenzisa ama-probiotics kanye nama-prebiotics ukuthuthukisa impilo yamathumbu kanye nokusebenza kokuzivikela komzimba, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokugoma, kanye nokuhlanganisa izindlela zokulima ezizinzile. njengezolimo eziphilayo noma ezivuselelayo. Lezi zindlela ezihlukile zihlose ukuvimbela izifo kanye nokukhuthaza impilo yonke ezilwaneni, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kuma-antibiotics ekulimeni kwasefekthri.
Ngabe ukuphikiswa kwama-antibiotic ezilwaneni ezikhuliselwe ukudla kubathinta kanjani imvelo kanye ne-ecosystem?
Ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane ezilwaneni ezikhuliselwa ukudla kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni nasesimisweni semvelo. Uma ama-antibiotic esetshenziswa kwezolimo zezilwane, angangena endaweni esebenzisa umquba namanzi angcolile, okuholela ekungcolisweni komhlabathi nemithombo yamanzi. Lokhu kungaphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo yezinto eziphilayo futhi kulimaze izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zezitshalo nezilwane. Ukwengeza, amagciwane amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane angasakazeka esuka ezilwaneni aye kubantu ngokuthintana ngokuqondile, ukudla okungcolile, noma ukudluliswa kwemvelo. Lokhu kubangela usongo olukhulu lwezempilo yomphakathi, njengoba kunciphisa ukusebenza kwama-antibiotic ekwelapheni izifo futhi kwandisa ingozi yezifo ezingelapheki. Sekukonke, ukumelana nama-antibiotic ezilwaneni ezidlayo kunomthelela ekungcolisweni kwemvelo futhi kubeka engcupheni kokubili impilo yabantu neyezilwane.
Yimiphi imithelela engaba khona kwezomnotho yokumelana nama-antibiotic ekulimeni kwasefekthri, kokubili ngokwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemboni yokulima?
Imithelela yezomnotho engaba khona yokumelana nama-antibiotic ekulimeni kwasefekthri ibalulekile. Okokuqala, izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zingase zikhuphuke njengoba izifo ziba nzima futhi zibize kakhulu ukwelapha ngama-antibiotic asebenzayo. Lokhu kungase kucindezele izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi kwandise umthwalo wezezimali kubantu ngabanye nakohulumeni. Okwesibili, imboni yokulima ingase ihlupheke njengoba ukumelana nama-antibiotic kungaholela ekwandeni kokufa kwezilwane, ukuncipha kokukhiqiza, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme. Abalimi bangase badinge ukutshala imali kwezinye izindlela zokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo, ezingase zibe nomthelela omkhulu enzuzweni yabo. Ukwengeza, imikhawulo yokuhweba emikhiqizweni evela emazweni asebenzisa kakhulu ama-antibiotic ekulimeni ingaba nomthelela ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe. Ekugcineni, ukumelana nama-antibiotic ekulimeni kwasefekthri kunamandla okudala izinselelo zomnotho kokubili ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemboni yokulima.
