Ukulima kwasefekthri kuyimboni efihlwe kahle, embozwe imfihlo futhi evimbela abathengi ukuthi baqonde izinga langempela lonya olwenzeka ngaphandle kweminyango evaliwe. Izimo zamapulazi ezimboni zivame ukuminyana, azihlanzekile, futhi zingenabuntu, okuholela ekuhluphekeni okukhulu kwezilwane ezihilelekile. Uphenyo kanye nezithombe eziqoshiwe ziveze izehlakalo ezishaqisayo zokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane nokunganakwa emapulazini efektri. Abameli bamalungelo ezilwane basebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze baveze iqiniso elimnyama lokulima kwasefekthri futhi bamelele imithetho eqinile kanye nezindinganiso zenhlalakahle yezilwane. Abathengi banamandla okwenza umehluko ngokukhetha ukweseka izindlela zokulima esikhundleni sokulima kwasefemini.
Izingulube emapulazini ezimboni zivame ukuhlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezizibeka ekuhluphekeni okukhulu ngenxa yengcindezi, ukuvalelwa, kanye nokuntuleka kwezidingo eziyisisekelo. Ngokuvamile zigcinwa ezindaweni eziminyene, ezingenalutho ezingenazo izingubo zokulala ezifanele, umoya omncane, noma igumbi lokubonisa impatho yemvelo efana nokuqeda izimpande, ukuhlola, noma ukuzijabulisa. Lezi zimo eziminyene, kuhlangene nokuchayeka emfucumfucwini, izinga lomoya eliphansi, nokucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, kuholela ekukhathazekeni nasekuhluphekeni. Izingulube zivame ukubonisa ukuziphatha kokucindezeleka okufana nokuluma i-bar noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngenxa yalokhu kuntuleka kokukhuthazwa kanye nenkululeko.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimo zokuphila ezinzima, izingulube emapulazini efektri zibhekana nemikhuba ebuhlungu nengenabuntu ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia. Izinqubo ezinjengokumiswa komsila, ukunqanyulwa kwamazinyo, nokunqanyulwa kwendlebe kwenziwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwepulazi, kodwa kubangela ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka okukhulu. Izingulube ezingumama ziboshelwe emakhrethini amancane, anemikhawulo yokuzala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokuzalwa, okuzivimbela ekunakekeleni izingane zazo ngendlela efanele. Lezi zimo zishiya izingulube zisesimweni esiqhubekayo sokucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, okugqamisa unya nokuxhashazwa ezikubekezelela ezinhlelweni zokulima zezimboni.
Izinkomo namathole ezinhlelweni zokulima zezimboni zibekezelela ukuhlupheka okukhulu ngenxa yokuvalelwa, ukuxhashazwa, kanye nemikhuba engenabuntu. Izinkomo zobisi, ikakhulukazi, zivame ukugcinwa ezindaweni eziminyene, ezivalekile ezingenakufinyelela okuncane emadlelweni noma endaweni yemvelo. Bavame ukusengwa njalo, okungaholela ekukhathaleni ngokomzimba, i-mastitis (isifo esibuhlungu sombele), kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amankonyane ahlukaniswa nonina ngemva nje kokuzalwa, inqubo ehlukumeza ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Lokhu kwehlukana okuphoqelekile kuvimbela ukusondelana komama okubalulekile abakudingayo ngesikhathi besaqala ukuphila.
Amankonyane akhuliswe ngezinhloso zenyama yenkonyana noma obisi nawo abhekana nokuhlupheka okukhulu ezinhlelweni zasefekthri. Bavalelwe kumakhreyithi amancane noma ezindaweni ezinemikhawulo ezikhawulela ikhono labo lokunyakaza, ukuzivocavoca, noma ukukhombisa ukuziphatha kwemvelo. Lezi zindawo zilimaza ukukhula kwazo futhi zibangele ukucindezeleka kwengqondo. Ukwengeza, amankonyane abhekana nezinqubo ezibuhlungu, ezinjengokukhishwa kwezimpondo nokubeka uphawu, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa. Ukucindezeleka kokulunyulwa kusenesikhathi, ukuvalelwa kanzima, nokuntuleka kokunakekelwa okufanele kudala ubuhlungu obukhulu obungokomzimba nengokomzwelo kuzo zombili izinkomo namathole. Lokhu kuhlupheka kugqamisa isidingo sokuphinda kubhekwe izindlela zokulima zesimanje futhi kubekwe eqhulwini inhlalakahle yalezi zilwane ezinozwela.
Izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi, namatshwele akhuliswe ezimbonini zokulima abhekana nokuhlupheka okukhulu ngenxa yokuminyana, ukuvalelwa, nokuphathwa ngonya. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukugcinwa ezindaweni ezivaleleke kakhulu ezinokufinyelela okuncane noma okungakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezingaphandle, kuzivimbela ekuboniseni ukuziphatha kwemvelo okufana nokudla, ukugeza uthuli, nokundiza. Imisebenzi yokulima yasefekthri ivamise ukuhlalisa lezi zinyoni ezindlini ezinkulu eziminyene ezingenamoya kanye nezimo ezingahlanzekile, okwandisa ingozi yezifo kanye nengcindezi. Izinyoni eziningi zihlushwa ukuminyana, okuholela ekulimaleni, ekuguleni nasekufeni.
Ukwengeza, amatshwele nezinyoni ezincane zibhekana nezinqubo ezibuhlungu, njengokunqunywa uqhwaku, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuziphatha okunonya okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kokuvalelwa nokuminyana. Le mikhuba ibuhlungu futhi iyahlukumeza, ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngaphandle kokukhululeka kobuhlungu okufanele. Amadada namahansi nawo ayaxhashazwa ezinhlelweni zasefekthri, lapho evalelwa khona ukuzalanisa noma aphoqwe ukuthi akhule ngokushesha ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo. Lezi zindlela zokukhula ezingezona ezemvelo ziholela ekuhluphekeni ngokomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukukhubazeka nobuhlungu bamalunga. Ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa okufanele, ukunyakaza, kanye nokufinyelela endaweni yemvelo kushiya izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi namatshwele esesimweni sokucindezeleka nobuhlungu obuqhubekayo, kugcizelela unya lwemikhuba yokulima ngokujulile.
Izinhlanzi nezilwane zasemanzini zibhekene nokuhlupheka okukhulu ezimbonini zesimanje zokudoba nezokuzalanisa izilwane zasemanzini ngenxa yokuminyana, izimo ezingezinhle zokuphila, nezindlela zokuvuna ezixhaphazayo. Emisebenzini yokufuywa kwezinhlanzi ngendlela yasefekthri, izinhlanzi zivame ukugcinwa emathangeni aminyene noma ezibayeni ezinendawo elinganiselwe, ikhwalithi yamanzi ephansi, kanye nokugcwala okuphezulu kwemfucuza. Lezi zimo ziholela ekucindezelekeni, ezifweni, nasekuntekeni kwamasosha omzimba, okushiya izinhlanzi zisengozini yokungenwa izifo nokulimala. Izilwane zasemanzini azikwazi ukuphunyuka kulezi zindawo ezivalekile, ziqinise ukuhlupheka kwazo njengoba zilwela ezindaweni ezingezona ezemvelo nezicindezela kakhulu.
Izinhlanzi zasendle nezinye izilwane zasemanzini nazo ziyahlupheka ngenxa yemikhuba yokudoba ezimbonini. Izindlela ezinjengokudoba ngonetha, amanetha, kanye nokwenza izintambo ezinde ziholela ekubanjweni okukhulu, nenqwaba yezilwane zasolwandle ezingahlosiwe—kuhlanganise amahlengethwa, izimfudu zasolwandle, nezinyoni zasolwandle—zibanjwe ngengozi futhi zabulawa. Ukudoba ngokweqile kuphinde kuqede inani lezinhlanzi, imvelo esongela ukuphila nokuphila kwezinhlobo zasemanzini. Izinhlanzi eziningi nazo ziphathwa ngonya lapho zivunwa, njengokudonswa olwandle futhi ziyekwe ukuze ziphefumule noma zife ngenxa yokuchayeka. Le mikhuba ixhaphaza izilwane zasemanzini ukuze zidliwe abantu kuyilapho ibangela ubuhlungu obungadingekile, ukuhlupheka, nokulimala kwemvelo, igqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinye izindlela eziqhubekayo nezinobuntu.
Ukwembula Okushaqisayo: Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwezilwane Embonini Yokukhiqiza Inqwaba
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kudlangile embonini yokukhiqiza ngobuningi, kanti ukulima kwasefekthri kuyimbangela enkulu.
Izilwane ezisemapulazini ezimboni zivame ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukuvalelwa, ukucwiywa, nokunganakwa.
Imodeli yokukhiqiza ngobuningi ibeka phambili inzuzo ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yezilwane, okuholela ekuhlukunyezweni nasekuhluphekeni okusabalele.
Uphenyo oluyimfihlo lunikeze ubufakazi obushaqisayo bezinto ezesabekayo izilwane ezibekezelela embonini yokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
Ngokusekela izindlela zokulima ezinobuntu nezisimeme, abathengi bangasiza ukulwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane embonini yokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
Intengo Yokunethezeka: Ukunikela Ngenhlalakahle Yezilwane Ngenyama Eshibhile
Ukulima emafekthri kubeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kanye nezindleko eziphansi, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezindleko zenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Inyama eshibhile iza ngentengo ephezulu ezilwaneni, ezibhekene nezimo ezinonya nezingezona ezemvelo ukuze zinciphise izindleko.
Abathengi abakhetha inyama eshibhile ngokungazi bafaka isandla emjikelezweni wokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane nokuhlupheka ekulimeni kwasefekthri.
Ukukhetha inyama ekhuliswe ngendlela efanele futhi ehlatshwe ngobuntu kusekela izindlela zokulima ezisimeme ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane.
Ukuqwashisa ngezindleko zangempela zenyama eshibhile kungakhuthaza abathengi ukuthi benze ukukhetha okunozwela uma kuziwa ekudleni.
Ukuhlupheka Kwezilwane Ezokuthutha
Izilwane ezithuthelwa ukulima, ukuhlatshwa, noma ezinye izinjongo zokuhweba zibekezelela ukuhlupheka okungacabangeki phakathi nohambo lwazo. Inqubo yokuthutha ngokuvamile ihilela ukuminyana, ukungaphathwa kahle, nezimo zemvelo ezinzima ezishiya izilwane zisesimweni sokucindezeleka njalo. Abaningi baminyene emalolini, ezitimeleni, noma emikhunjini bengenandawo encane yokunyakaza, baphoqeleke ukuba bazimele emfucumfucwini amahora amaningi noma izinsuku bengatholi kudla, amanzi, noma indawo yokuhlala. Lezi zimo zibangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukukhathala, nezifo, futhi izilwane eziningi azisindi kulolu hambo.
Ukwengeza, ukuphathwa kabi kwabasebenzi ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ukuthulula, kanye nokuthuthwa kuhlanganisa kuphela ukuhlupheka. Ukulimala, ukwethuka, kanye nokuhlukumezeka kuvamile njengoba izilwane zilwela ukubhekana nezindawo ezingajwayelekile nezivaliwe. Izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, ezinjengokushisa okushisayo noma amakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha, zibhebhethekisa ukuhlupheka, njengoba izilwane azikwazi ukubaleka noma ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo. Le ngxenye enonya nengadingekile yochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla igqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezindlela zokuthutha ezingabantu, izindinganiso ezingcono zenhlalakahle yezilwane, kanye nokwengamela okuqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka okunjalo.
Ukudalula Unya Lwamadela
Izindawo zokuhlatshwa ziyizindawo zokuhlupheka okukhulu nonya lwezilwane, lapho ziphathwa ngonya, ingcindezi, nezimo ezinonya. Lapho zifika esilaheni, izilwane zivame ukuphoqelelwa ukuba zingene emalolini aminyene noma zibambe izibaya ezingenakho ukudla, amanzi, noma indawo yokukhosela, okuholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu nasekukhathaleni. Izilwane eziningi zifika kulezi zikhungo sezivele zibuthakathaka noma zilimele ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ukuminyana, noma ukuntula ukunakekelwa.
Ngaphakathi esilaheni, izilwane zivame ukuchayeka ezimweni ezishaqisayo. Izinqubo ezinjengokumangaza, ukopha, nokubulala ngokuvamile zenziwa ngezindlela zokuphuthuma, ukubulawa ngendlela engafanele, noma ubudedengu, okuholela ekuhluphekeni isikhathi eside. Kwezinye izimo, izilwane aziquleki ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa, okuzishiya ziqaphile njengoba zibulawa. Ukucindezeleka kwendawo ezungezile engajwayelekile, imisindo emikhulu, nokuba khona kwezinye izilwane ezicindezelekile kukhulisa ukwesaba nokuhlupheka kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi bangase baqhubekisele phambili ukuphathwa kabi izilwane ngokuphathwa ngendlela engafanele noma ngonya. Lolu dlame oluhlelekile nolwezikhungo ezindaweni ezibulalayo lugqamisa isidingo sokubhekana nemikhuba emihle, ukusebenzisa imithethonqubo engcono, kanye nokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezinozwela esikhundleni sokuxhashazwa kwezilwane.
