Umthelela Woboya, Uboya, Nesikhumba Emvelweni: Ukubhekisisa Izingozi Zazo Zemvelo

Izimboni zemfashini nezindwangu sekuyisikhathi eside zihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifana noboya, uboya, nesikhumba, ezitholakala ezilwaneni. Nakuba lezi zinto zokwakha zibungazwa ukuqina kwazo, imfudumalo, nokunethezeka kwazo, ukukhiqizwa kwazo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwemvelo. Lesi sihloko sidingida izingozi zemvelo zoboya, uboya, nesikhumba, sihlola umthelela wako ku-ecosystem, inhlalakahle yezilwane, kanye neplanethi yonke.

Ukuthi Ukukhiqiza Uboya Kuyilimaza Kanjani Imvelo

Imboni yoboya ingenye yezimboni ezilimaza kakhulu imvelo emhlabeni wonke. Ama-85% amangalisayo ezikhumba zemboni yoboya zivela ezilwaneni ezikhuliswe emapulazini emboni yoboya. Lawa mapulazi avame ukufukamela izinkulungwane zezilwane endaweni eminyene, engahlanzekile, lapho ezifuywa khona kuphela. Imithelela yemvelo yale misebenzi mibi kakhulu, futhi imiphumela idlulela ngalé kwezindawo eziseduze namapulazi.

1. Ukunqwabelana Kwemfucuza kanye Nokungcola

Isilwane ngasinye kula mafekthri amapulazi sikhiqiza imfucuza eningi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-mink eyodwa, evame ukufuyelwa uboya bayo, ikhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu angu-40 wendle ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo. Le mfucumfucu inqwabelana ngokushesha lapho izinkulungwane zezilwane zihlaliswa epulazini elilodwa. Amapulazi e-mink ase-US kuphela anesibopho sezigidi zamaphawundi endle njalo ngonyaka. Imithelela yemvelo yenani elikhulu kangaka lemfucuza yezilwane ijulile.

Esifundazweni saseWashington, ipulazi elilodwa lemink labekwa icala lokungcolisa umfudlana oseduze. Uphenyo lwembula ukuthi amazinga e-fecal coliform emanzini ayephakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-240 kunomkhawulo ongokomthetho. Amagciwane e-fecal coliform, ayizinkomba zokungcoliswa yimfucuza yezilwane, angaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zokungcoliswa kwamanzi, alimaze izilwane zasemanzini futhi aveze izingozi zempilo kubantu abathembele emthonjeni wamanzi ukuze baphuze noma bazijabulise.

2. Ukuwohloka Kwekhwalithi Yamanzi

Ukukhishwa kwemfucuza yezilwane emanzini aseduze akugcini e-United States. E-Nova Scotia, ucwaningo olwenziwa esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu lwathola ukuthi ukuwohloka kwezinga lamanzi kwakubangelwa ngokuyinhloko ukufakwa kwe-phosphorus ephezulu okuvela emisebenzini yokulima imink. I-Phosphorus, ingxenye eyinhloko yomquba wezilwane, ingaholela eutrophication yamachibi nemifula. I-Eutrophication yenzeka lapho imisoco eyeqile ikhuthaza ukukhula ngokweqile kolwelwe, iqeda amazinga komoyampilo futhi ilimaza imvelo yasemanzini. Le nqubo ingaholela ezindaweni ezifile, lapho umoya-mpilo uyindlala kangangokuthi izilwane eziningi zasolwandle azikwazi ukuphila.

Ukungcola okuqhubekayo okuvela ekulimeni izingwegwe kulezi zindawo kugqamisa udaba olusabalele ezifundeni lapho ukufuywa koboya kuvame khona. Ngaphezu kokungcoliswa kwamanzi aphuma kumfucumfucu wendle, amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekulimeni, njengezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nama-antibiotics, angaqhubeka abe nomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwemithombo yamanzi endawo.

3. Ukungcoliswa komoya okuvela ku-Ammonia Emissions

Ukulima ngoboya nakho kunomthelela omkhulu ekungcoleni komoya. EDenmark, lapho kubulawa khona amamink angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-19 unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yoboya bawo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-8 000 e-ammonia akhishelwa emkhathini minyaka yonke evela emisebenzini yokulima uboya. I-ammonia iyigesi enobuthi engabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula kubantu nasezilwaneni. Iphinde ihlangane nezinye izingxube ezisemkhathini, zibe nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlayiya ezincane, eziyingozi empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo.

Ukukhululwa kwe-ammonia emapulazini e-mink kuyingxenye yodaba olubanzi lwezilwane ezifuywayo ezimbonini, lapho ukusebenza ngezinga elikhulu kukhiqiza amanani abalulekile amagesi angcolisa umoya futhi afake isandla enkingeni ebanzi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kukhishwa kwegesi kuvame ukushiywa kungahloliwe, njengoba uhlaka lokulawula amapulazi oboya ngokuvamile aluneli.

4. Umthelela ku-Local Ecosystems

Ukulimala kwemvelo okubangelwa ukufuya uboya kudlula nje ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomoya. Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo yendawo nakho kuyinkinga enkulu. Amapulazi e-mink ngokuvamile asebenza ezindaweni zasemakhaya, futhi izindawo ezizungezile zemvelo zingathinteka kakhulu ekusebenzeni. Njengoba imfucumfucu yala mapulazi ingena emhlabathini, ingaba ushevu emhlabathini, ibulale izitshalo futhi inciphise ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Ukwethulwa kwamakhemikhali, njengezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa ukulawula izinambuzane emisebenzini yokulima uboya, kungase futhi kube nemiphumela enobuthi ezilwaneni zasendle zendawo, ezihlanganisa impova, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.

Ukulima okujulile kwe-mink nezinye izilwane ezinoboya nakho kunomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, njengoba amahlathi nezinye izindawo zemvelo zigawulwa ukuze kuvuleleke amapulazi. Lokhu kuphumela ekulahlekeni kwezindawo ezibalulekile zezilwane zasendle futhi kunomthelela ekuhlukaneni kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile, okwenza kube nzima ngezinhlobo zemvelo ukuba ziphile.

5. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu

Ukulima ngoboya, ikakhulukazi ukulima kwemink, kunomthelela ongaqondile kodwa obalulekile ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia namanye amagesi abamba ukushisa, njenge-methane, kunomthelela ekungcoleni komoya nokufudumala komhlaba. Nakuba imboni yoboya inegalelo elincane ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imikhakha, umphumela onqwabelene wezigidi zezilwane ezifuywayo uyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukwengeza, umhlaba osetshenziselwa ukutshala ukudla kwalezi zilwane kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi okuhlobene nokunwetshwa kwemisebenzi yokufuywa koboya konke kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwekhabhoni embonini. Umthelela wokukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya kule mboni esimweni sezulu somhlaba awunakubukelwa phansi.

Izingozi zemvelo ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa koboya zibanzi futhi zibanzi. Kusukela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwenhlabathi kuya ekungcolisweni komoya kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, imiphumela yokulima ngoboya iyingozi kakhulu. Nakuba uboya bungabhekwa njengomkhiqizo wokunethezeka, ukukhiqizwa kwabo kuza ngezindleko eziphakeme zemvelo. Umthelela omubi wemboni yoboya ku-ecosystem kanye nempilo yabantu ikwenza kucace ukuthi indlela esimeme futhi enokuziphatha okuhle kwemfashini nezindwangu idingeka ngokushesha. Ukuhlukana noboya nokuthatha ezinye izindlela ezingenalo unya, ezihambisana nemvelo kungasiza ekunciphiseni indawo ezungezile yemboni yezemfashini futhi kuqinisekise iplanethi enempilo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Indlela Ukukhiqizwa Kwesikhumba Okulimaza Ngayo Imvelo

Isikhumba, esake saba umkhiqizo nje wokuhlatshwa kwezilwane, sesiyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu kwezemfashini, ifenisha, nezimboni zezimoto. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi izindlela zesimanje, kubangela izingozi ezinkulu zemvelo. Nakuba izindlela zendabuko zokushuka, njengokumisa umoya noma usawoti kanye nokushukwa kwemifino, zasetshenziswa kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1800, imboni yesikhumba iye yavela ukuze ithembele kakhulu kumakhemikhali ayingozi kakhulu nanobuthi. Namuhla, ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumba kuhilela izinqubo ezikhulula izinto eziyingozi endaweni ezungezile, okudala ukukhathazeka okukhulu kokungcola.

1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwekhemikhali Ekushukeni Isikhumba Kwesimanje

Inqubo yokushuka, eshintsha izikhumba zezilwane zibe isikhumba esiqinile, isishintshile ezindleleni ezivamile zokushuka kwemifino kanye nokwelapha okusekelwe kuwoyela. Ukushuka kwesimanje kusebenzisa kakhulu usawoti we-chromium, ikakhulukazi i-chromium III, indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi ukushuka kwe-chrome. Nakuba ukushuka kwe-chrome kusebenza kahle futhi kushesha kunezindlela zendabuko, kwethula ubungozi obubalulekile bendawo.

I-Chromium iyinsimbi esindayo, okuthi uma ingaphathwa kahle, ingcolise inhlabathi namanzi, ibeke izingozi kokubili nempilo yomuntu neyemvelo. Zonke izibi eziqukethe i-chromium zihlukaniswa njengeziyingozi yi-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Uma ingalawulwa kahle, ikhemikhali ingangena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, iwenze abe nobuthi ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni, nakubantu imbala. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-chromium kungaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezingathi sína, okuhlanganisa izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukucasuka kwesikhumba, ngisho nomdlavuza.

2. Imfucuza Enobuthi Nokungcola

Ngokungeziwe ku-chromium, udoti okhiqizwe ezikhungweni zesikhumba uqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinye izinto eziyingozi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amaprotheni, izinwele, usawoti, umcako, namafutha, okuthi, uma kungaphathwa kahle, kungangcolisa imvelo ezungezile. Amanzi angcolile aphuma ekukhiqizweni kwesikhumba avame ukuba phezulu ezintweni eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali, okwenza kube nzima ukuwaphatha ngezindlela ezivamile zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ngaphandle kokuhlunga nokulahlwa okufanele, lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zingangcolisa imifula, amachibi, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kube nomthelela kokubili eziphila emanzini kanye nezinga lamanzi asetshenziselwa ukuphuza noma ukuchelela.

Usawoti omningi osetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokushukwa unomthelela ekwenzeni usawoti womhlaba. Njengoba usawoti udedelwa endaweni ezungezile, ungaphazamisa ukulingana kwemvelo, okuholela ekubhujisweni kokuphila kwezitshalo kanye nokuwohloka kwenhlabathi. Izinga eliphezulu lomcako, elisetshenziselwa ukususa izinwele ezikhunjeni, liphinde lidale indawo ene-alkali, liphinde lilimaze imvelo yasemanzini futhi linciphise ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo.

3. Ukungcoliswa komoya kanye Nezikhithi

Ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumba akukona nje kuphela ukubangela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomhlabathi kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekungcolisweni komoya. Izinqubo zokomisa nokwelapha ezisetshenziselwa ukulungisa isikhumba zikhipha ama-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) namanye amakhemikhali emoyeni. Lokhu kukhishwa kungonakalisa ikhwalithi yomoya, okuholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula kubasebenzi kanye nemiphakathi eseduze. Amanye amakhemikhali asetshenziswa enqubweni yokushuka, njenge-formaldehyde ne-ammonia, nawo adedelwa emkhathini, lapho angaba nengxenye ekwakhekeni kwentuthu kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo okwengeziwe.

Imboni yesikhumba inegalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa emhlabeni. Imboni yemfuyo, ehlinzeka ngezikhumba zokukhiqiza isikhumba, ibhekene nenani elikhulu lokukhishwa kwe-methane. I-Methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla, ikhishwa izinkomo ngesikhathi sokugaya futhi njengengxenye yokubola komquba. Njengoba kukhula isidingo sesikhumba, nemboni yemfuyo iyanda, okwenza imboni ibambe iqhaza ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.

4. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba

Omunye umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa kwesikhumba uxhumene nemboni yezinkomo. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sesikhumba, izindawo ezinkulu zisetshenziselwa ukuklaba izinkomo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinjenge-Amazon, lapho kugawulwa khona umhlaba ukuze kuvuleke indawo yokufuya izinkomo. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunomthelela ekulahlekeni kwezindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo eziningi futhi kusheshisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokukhipha ikhabhoni egciniwe ezihlahleni emkhathini.

Ukwanda kokufuya izinkomo nakho kuholela ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi, njengoba kususwa amahlathi nezinye izimila zemvelo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwendawo yemvelo kungabangela ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi, kuyenze ibe sengozini enkulu yokuba ugwadule futhi kunciphise amandla ayo okusekela ukuphila kwezitshalo.

Ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumba, nakuba kuseyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho womhlaba, kunomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo. Kusukela kumakhemikhali ayingozi asetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokushukwa kwesikhumba kuya ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kanye nokukhishwa kwe-methane okuhlobene nokufuywa kwemfuyo, ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumba kunomthelela ekungcoleni, ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, nasekulahlekeni kwendawo yokuhlala. Njengoba abathengi beqaphela kakhulu lezi zingozi zemvelo, kunesidingo esikhulayo sezinye izindlela eziqhubekayo nezingenalo unya. Ngokwamukela ezinye izinto zokwakha kanye nokukhuthaza izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezilungile, singanciphisa ukulimala kwemvelo okubangelwa isikhumba futhi siye ekusaseni elizinzile.

Ukuthi Ukukhiqizwa Koboya Kuyilimaza Kanjani Imvelo

Umkhuba wokufuya izimvu zoboya babo ubangele ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba wonke nokungcola. Le miphumela ifinyelela kude, ithinta imvelo, izinga lamanzi, futhi inomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke.

1. Ukucekelwa phansi Komhlaba kanye Nokulahlekelwa Kwendawo yokuhlala

Ukufuywa kwezimvu zokukhiqiza uvolo kwaqala ngokusungulwa kwezikele, okuholela abantu ekuzaleni izimvu zoboya obuqhubekayo. Lo mkhuba wawudinga indawo enkulu yokuklaba, futhi njengoba isidingo sovolo sasikhula, umhlaba wagencwa futhi kwagawulwa amahlathi ukuze kuvuleleke lezi zimvu eziklabayo. Lokhu kugawulwa kwamahlathi kuye kwaphumela emiphumeleni eminingana engemihle kwezemvelo.

Ezindaweni ezifana nePatagonia, Argentina, izinga lokufuywa kwezimvu landa ngokushesha engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Nokho, izwe alikwazanga ukusekela inani elandayo lezimvu. Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwenhlabathi kwaholela ekuwohlokeni kwenhlabathi, okwabangela ugwadule, kwathinta kakhulu izimiso zemvelo zendawo. Ngokwe-National Geographic, amahektha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 esifundazweni esisodwa nje kuphela aye “alinyazwa ngokungenakulungiseka ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile.” Lokhu kucekelwa phansi komhlaba kube yinhlekelele ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni zendawo, kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo nokwenza umhlaba ungakufanelekeli ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo noma amadlelo esikhathini esizayo.

2. Usawoti Womhlaba kanye Nokuguguleka

Ukudlisa izimvu kuholela ekwandeni kosawoti womhlaba kanye nokuguguleka komhlabathi. Ukunyathelwa njalo komhlabathi imihlambi emikhulu yezimvu kuhlanganisa umhlabathi, kunciphise ikhono lawo lokumunca amanzi nezakhi. Lokhu kuholela ekukhuphukeni okugelezayo, okuthwala inhlabathi engaphezulu nezinto eziphilayo, kuqhubeke kulimaze umhlaba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nqubo ingashintsha inhlabathi evundile ibe ugwadule oluwugwadule, ikwenze ungakufanelekeli ukuqhubeka nokulima noma amadlelo.

Ukuguguleka komhlabathi nakho kuphazamisa impilo yezitshalo, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi izimila zendabuko zikhule kabusha. Ukulahleka kwezitshalo nakho kuba nomthelela ezilwaneni zasendle ezithembele kulezi zindawo zemvelo ukuze zithole ukudla nendawo yokuhlala. Njengoba umhlaba uyancipha ukukhiqiza, abalimi bangase baphendukele ezindleleni ezilimaza ngisho nangokwengeziwe zokusebenzisa umhlaba, okwenza umonakalo owenziwe endaweni ezungezile uthuthuke.

3. Ukusetshenziswa Amanzi Nokungcola

Ukukhiqizwa koboya nakho kubeka ubunzima emithonjeni yamanzi. Ukulima kwezilwane, ngokuvamile, kuwumthengi omkhulu wamanzi, futhi ukufuywa kwezimvu nakho. Izimvu zidinga amanzi amaningi okuphuza, futhi amanzi engeziwe ayadingeka ukuze kutshalwe izitshalo ezizondlayo. Njengoba ukuswelakala kwamanzi kuba yindaba ekhulayo yomhlaba wonke, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngezinga elikhulu ekukhiqizeni uvolo kuqhubezela phambili inkinga.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni uvolo angangcolisa amanzi akhona. Izibulala-zinambuzane, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezimvini ukuze zilawule izinambuzane, ziyingozi kakhulu. E-US kuphela, ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-9,000 wezibulala-zinambuzane asetshenziswa ezimvini ngo-2010. Lawa makhemikhali angangena emhlabathini nasemanzini, angcolise imifula eseduze, amachibi, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa koboya akugcini nje ngokuholela ekuncipheni kwemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekungcolisweni kwamanzi, okulimaza impilo yasemanzini futhi okungase kube nomthelela empilweni yabantu.

4. Izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali

Umthwalo wamakhemikhali emvelweni ngenxa yokukhiqizwa koboya ubalulekile. Amakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimvu ezilwa nezilokazane nezilokazane, njengotwayi, izintwala nezimpukane, ngokuvamile ayingozi emvelweni. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswayo zingaqhubeka isikhathi eside endaweni ezungezile, zingathinti nje kuphela indawo eseduze yokufuywa kwezimvu kodwa nezindawo ezizungezile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukunqwabelana kwala makhemikhali kungase konakalise impilo yenhlabathi nemisele yamanzi yendawo, kunciphise nakakhulu ikhono lomhlaba lokusekela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Imemo yobuchwepheshe yango-2004 yaphawula ukuthi umthelela wemvelo wokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane uhlanganiswa neqiniso lokuthi izifunda eziningi ezikhiqiza uvolo zisebenzisa umthamo omkhulu wamakhemikhali, ngokunganaki imiphumela yazo yesikhathi eside ku-ecosystem. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezibulala-zinambuzane akugcini nje ngokubeka engcupheni izilwane zasendle zendawo kodwa futhi kunamandla okulimaza abantu ngokungcoliswa kwamanzi.

5. I-Carbon Footprint of Wool Production

I-carbon footprint yokukhiqiza uvolo ingenye inkathazo yemvelo. Ukufuywa kwezimvu kunomthelela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngezindlela eziningi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulawa i-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokugaya. Izimvu, njengezinye izilwane ezelusayo, zikhulula i-methane ngokusebenzisa i-belching, enomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Nakuba i-methane inesikhathi sokuphila somkhathi esifushane kune-carbon dioxide, iphumelela kakhulu ekubambeni ukushisa emkhathini, okuyenza ibe negalelo elibalulekile ekufudumaleni komhlaba.

Ukwengeza, ukuthuthwa koboya busuka emapulazini buyiswe ezikhungweni zokucubungula bese buyiswa ezimakethe kwengeza intuthu ephumayo. Uvolo uvame ukuthunyelwa amabanga amade, okufaka isandla ekungcoleni komoya kanye nokuqhubeza phambili nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ukukhiqizwa koboya kunemiphumela ephawulekayo yemvelo, kusukela ekucekeleni phansi komhlaba kanye nokuguguleka komhlabathi kuya ekungcolisweni kwamanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali. Isidingo soboya sibe nomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwezindawo zemvelo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezifana nePatagonia, lapho ukuklaba ngokweqile kuye kwaholela ekubeni ugwadule. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi amakhulu kwandisa ingozi yemvelo ebangelwa imboni yoboya.

Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngalezi zindaba zemvelo kukhula, kukhona ukushintshela ezindleleni ezisimeme kanye nezinye esikhundleni sokukhiqizwa koboya bendabuko. Ngokwamukela uvolo ophilayo kanye nogaywe kabusha, kanye nemicu esekelwe ezitshalweni, singanciphisa umthelela omubi wemvelo wovolo futhi siqhubekele ekukhiqizeni izindwangu okusimeme kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha.

Ongakwenza

Nakuba ukulimala kwemvelo okubangelwa ukukhiqiza uvolo, uboya, nesikhumba kubalulekile, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze unciphise umthelela wakho wemvelo futhi usize ukudala ikusasa elizinzile. Nazi ezinye izenzo ongazithatha ukuze wenze umehluko:

• Khetha izindwangu ezisekelwe ezitshalweni nezingenalo unya (isb., ukotini wemvelo, i-hemp, uqalo)
• Sekela izikhumba zezitshalo (isb, amakhowe, isikhumba sikaphayinaphu)
• Thenga kumabhrendi esimeme kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha
• Thenga amasekeni noma izinto ezenziwe ngamabhayisikili
• Sebenzisa ezinye izindlela zoboya obungalingani nemvelo nesikhumba
• Bheka izitifiketi ezinobungani bemvelo nezokuziphatha (isb., GOTS, Fair Trade)
• Sebenzisa imikhiqizo egaywe kabusha
• Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla yoboya neyesikhumba
• Cwaninga imithombo ebalulekile ngaphambi kokuthenga
• Yehlisa imfucuza futhi ukhuthaze izinqubo zokugaywa kabusha