Ukulima efektri, owaziwa nangokuthi ukulima kwezimboni, kuwumkhuba wanamuhla wezolimo ohlanganisa ukukhiqizwa okujulile kwemfuyo, izinkukhu, kanye nezinhlanzi ezindaweni ezivaliwe. Le ndlela yokulima isiye yanda kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule ngenxa yamandla ayo okukhiqiza inqwaba yemikhiqizo yezilwane ngentengo ephansi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusebenza kuza ngezindleko ezibalulekile kuzo zombili inhlala-kahle yezilwane kanye nemvelo. Umthelela wezolimo efektri ezilwaneni kanye neplanethi kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ehlukahlukene evuse inkulumompikiswano egcwele kanye nempikiswano eminyakeni yamuva. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwelulwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene lapho ukulima efektri kuthinte khona zombili izilwane kanye nemvelo, kanye nemiphumela enakho empilweni yethu kanye nokusimama kweplanethi yethu. Ukusuka ekuphathweni kwezilwane okunonya nangobuntu obulimazayo emiphumeleni elimazayo emhlabeni, amanzi, kanye nomoya, kubalulekile ukuze uqonde umthelela ophelele wefektri yokulima ifektri ukuze uthole izixazululo ezizinzile zesikhathi esizayo. Sijoyine njengoba sihlola imiphumela efinyelela kude yale ndlela yezolimo enezimboni kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo soshintsho ezindleleni zethu zokulima.
Ukulima Ifektri: Ukukhathazeka Komhlaba Wonke
Umkhuba omningi wokulima efektri usephenduke isihloko sokukhathazeka komhlaba wonke, ukuqeda izingxoxo kanye nokuphakamisa imibuzo yokuziphatha okuhle ekwelapheni izilwane kanye nomthelela emvelweni. Ngenhloso yokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nenzuzo, amapulazi efektri afaka izilwane eziminyene, imvamisa izimo ezingezinhle, eziholela ezindabeni ezibalulekile zezenhlalakahle. Izilwane zibhekwa ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kwezindlela zokuziphatha zemvelo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwama-antibiotics nama-hormone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yezemvelo yokulima efektri ifinyelela kude. Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezijulile ziholela ekukhishweni kwamanani amakhulu amagesi abamba ukushisa, njenge-methane, efaka isandla ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokweqile kwamanzi, umhlaba, kanye nezinsizakusebenza zamandla kubandakanya ubunzima obukhulu kwimvelo yethu yemvelo yethu. Ukuphuthuma kokubhekana nezinkinga ezizungeze ukulima efektri akunakuphikwa, njengoba imiphumela yayo ifinyelela ngaphezu kwenhlalonhle yezilwane, ithinta ukusimama komhlaba kanye nempilo yezizukulwane ezizayo.
Ukuphathwa ngobuntu kwezilwane
Inhlala-kahle yezilwane ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokulima efektri iyinkinga ngokujulile efuna ukunakwa. Imikhuba eqashwe kule misebenzi ivame ukubandakanya ukwelashwa ngobuntu, okwenza ukuhlupheka okukhulu ezilwaneni ezihilelekile. Ukunganaki imvelo yabo yemvelo futhi abaphike ukufinyelela ezimweni zokuphila efanelekile ngokwehlisa inhlalakahle yabo. Izilwane ziboshelwe izikhala eziminyene, okuholela ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ngokwengeziwe, imikhuba efana ne-debeaking, i-tails decking, kanye ne-castration ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia futhi kwaba nomthelela ekwelashweni kobuntu okukhuthazelwe yilezi zilwane. Ukubona nokubhekana nalezi zimo zonya kubalulekile ukusekela amanani ozwela nokuhlonipha zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.
Ukubhujiswa Kwezemvelo Nokungcoliswa
Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezisetshenziswe efemini efektri zingabi nemiphumela eyingozi kuphela enhlalakahleni yezilwane kodwa futhi zibeka engcupheni ebalulekile emvelweni. Uhlobo olunzulu lwale misebenzi luholela ekungcoleni ukungcoliswa kanye nokubhujiswa kwemvelo. Imfucumfucu enkulu, kufaka phakathi izindunduma nomchamo, zikhiqizwa inani elikhulu lezilwane ezivalelekile ezindaweni eziseduze. Lokhu kudoti kuvame ukuphela emithonjeni yamanzi eseduze, engcolisa imifula, amachibi, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, futhi kusongela ukubhekana nemvelo yemvelo yasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa njenge-methane, i-ammonia ne-nitrous oxide kusuka ekulahlekelweni kwezilwane kunomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotics nama-hormone efektri efektri kubuye kubuye kube nezinto ezikhathazayo ngamanzi nokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi, njengoba lezi zinto zingangena emvelweni futhi zifinyelele imithelela kude. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nalezi zingqinamba zezemvelo ezihambisana nokulima efektri ukuqinisekisa imikhuba yezolimo ezizinzile nethembekile.
Umthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo
Ukulima efektri kunomthelela omkhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo yemvelo. Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezijulile ezisetshenziswa emapulazini efektri zivame ukubangela ukusulwa kwezindawo ezinkulu zezindawo zemvelo ukwenza indlela yokusebenza kwemfuyo. Lokhu kusulwa komhlaba kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezinto eziphilayo, ngoba kuphazamisa ukuphazamisa imvelo yemvelo futhi kulahle izinhlobo zendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-pesticides amakhemikhali kanye nomanyolo ekukhiqizweni kokuphakelayo kanye nasezindleleni zokulawulwa kwemfucuza kungangcolisa imithombo yamanzi futhi kufake isandla ekucekeleni kwemvelo ezungezile. Ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwemfuyo ezikhaleni ezivalekile kuholela ekuphumeni kokuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, njenge-methane, okufaka isandla ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu futhi kuphazamise ukushintshana okubucayi kwemvelo. Le miphumela igqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinye izindlela ezizinzile nezazi zemvelo ekulimaleni efektri ukuze kunciphise imiphumela elimazayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo yemvelo.
Ukukhathazeka ngempilo kwabantu
Umthelela wezolimo efektri unwebeka ngaphezu kwenhlalonhle yezilwane kanye nemvelo, ukukhulisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezempilo kubantu. Okunye ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi elwa namagciwane ekukhiqizweni kwemfuyo. Amapulazi efektri avame ukuphatha ama-antibiotics ezilwaneni njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela noma ukukhuthaza ukukhula, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane. Lezi zinhlamvu ezibucayi ziba yingozi enkulu empilweni yabantu, ngoba zingadala ukutheleleka okunzima ukwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane ajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ezigcwele abantu ezinabantu abaningi nezingabonakali emapulazini efektri zidala indawo yokuzalanisa amagciwane, okwandisa ubungozi bezifo ezibangelwa ukudla njenge-salmonella no-E. Coli. Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane evela kumapulazi efektri kuhlobene nengozi eyandayo yokuthola izimo ezahlukahlukene zezempilo, kufaka phakathi izifo zenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Lezi zinto ezikhathazayo zezempilo zigcizelela isidingo sokushintshwa ekukhuliseni kokukhiqizwa kokudla okuqhubekayo nokunempilo okubeka phambili zombili inhlala-kahle yezilwane kanye nenhlala-kahle yabantu.
Ekuphetheni, imiphumela yokulima efektri enhlalakahleni yezilwane futhi imvelo ifinyelela kude futhi maqondana. Ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo kwezilwane ukudla kuholele ezimweni zokuphila ngobudlova kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhuba elimazayo efana nama-antibiotics nama-hormone. Umthelela wezemvelo futhi ubalulekile, ngokungcoliswa kanye nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi kokuba ngkhathaza okukhulu. Kubalulekile kubantu ukuthi bazifundise ngezinto ezingokoqobo zezolimo zefektri futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhetha kwabo kokudla. Ngokubambisana, singasebenzela ikusasa elinobuntu obuhle futhi esimeme sazo zombili izilwane kanye neplanethi yethu.
FAQ
Ngabe ukulima efektri kuyithinta kanjani inhlala-kahle yezilwane ngokuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokulima zendabuko?
Ukulima efektri kuthinta kabi inhlala-kahle yezilwane eziqhathaniswa nezindlela zokulima zendabuko. Emapulazini efektri, izilwane zivame ukuvalelwa ezikhaleni ezincibilikisiwe, zitholwe ngokweqile, futhi zancishwa izindlela zokuziphatha zemvelo. Bangase futhi bathole izinqubo ezibuhlungu futhi banikezwa kaningi ama-antibibiotic nama-hormone ukukhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo, okungaba nemiphumela elimazayo empilweni yabo. Ngokuphambene, izindlela zokulima zendabuko zivame ukufaka izilwane ezikhuliswa ezindaweni zemvelo ezinesikhala esithe xaxa kanye nekhono lokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kwemvelo. Lokhu kuvumela inhlala-kahle engcono ephelele kanye nempilo enempilo nokuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwezilwane.
Yimiphi imiphumela yezemvelo yokulima efektri, futhi bafaka kanjani isandla ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu nokungcola?
Ukulima efektri kunemiphumela ebalulekile yemvelo enomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu nokungcola. Ukukhulisa okubanzi kwemiphumela yemfuyo emazingeni aphezulu okuphuma kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ngokuyinhloko methane no-nitrous oxide, okunomthelela ekushiseni komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulima efektri kunomthelela wokugawulwa kwamahlathi njengoba umhlaba ususiwe ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo yemfuyo, ededela i-carbon dioxide emkhathini. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanzi nama-pesticides kule misebenzi kuholela ekungcoleni kwamanzi nasekubhujisweni kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwala imfucumfucu yezilwane ngamanani amakhulu kuholela ekungcoleni komoya nokukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi emvelweni. Sekukonke, ukulima efektri kungumthelela omkhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu nokungcola.
Izindlela zokulima ezomkhuba efektri zinomthelela ngaziphi izindlela ekusakazekeni kwezifo phakathi kwezilwane nabantu?
Imikhuba yokulima efektri ifaka isandla ekusakazekeni kwezifo phakathi kwezilwane nabantu ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, ukuvalelwa okusondele kwezilwane ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi futhi ezingcolile kwandisa amathuba okudluliselwa kwezifo. Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ukuvikela izifo ezilwaneni kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane alwa namagciwane, angadluliselwa kubantu ngokusetshenziswa kwenyama engcolisiwe noma ngokungcola kwezemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokuhamba nokuthengiswa kwezilwane ezivela emapulazini nasezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zingasiza ukusakazeka kwezifo. Ekugcineni, ivolumu ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yokulima efektri kungenza ukuthi izifo ziphume zibe nzima ukuthola nokulawula, zibavumele zisabalale kalula.
Yiziphi ezinye izixazululo ezingaba khona noma ezinye izindlela zokulima efektri ezingathuthukisa inhlala-kahle yezilwane futhi zinciphise ukulimala kwemvelo?
Ezinye izixazululo ezingaba khona noma ezinye izindlela zokulima efektri zibandakanya ukuguqukela ekushintsheni nasezimweni eziqinile ezifana nokulima okuphathekayo, amasistimu we-free-aremorm, kanye ne-nedvere esekelwe epulazini. Lezi zindlela zibeka phambili inhlala-kahle yezilwane ngokuvumela izilwane ukuba zizulazule ngokukhululeka, zifinyelele ezindaweni zemvelo, futhi zigweme ukweqiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuthaza ukudla okususelwa kwimithi kanye nokwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwenyama kungasiza ukunciphisa isidingo semikhiqizo elimale efektri. Ukutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekusungulweni kwezinto ezintsha zokukhiqizwa kwenyama esekwe esesikhathini kanye nokulima okuthe mpo kungahlinzeka ngezinketho ezizinzile. Ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwemithetho eqinile nokusekela imikhuba yokulima yokulima ngokusebenzisa izisusa zikahulumeni kanye nokuqwashisa kwabathengi kungafaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni inhlala-kahle yezilwane kanye nokunciphisa ukulimala kwemvelo.
Ngabe ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo okulimale efektri kuthinta kanjani impilo yabantu, futhi kukhona imiphumela yesikhathi eside okufanele uqaphele?
Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo engozini yefektri kungaba nemithelela emibi empilweni yabantu. Le mikhiqizo ivame ukuqukatha amazinga aphezulu ama-antibiotic, ama-hormone nama-pesticides, angasiza ekumelaneni nama-antibiotic nokungalingani kwama-hormonal kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezilimale efektri zivame ukukhuliswa ezimweni ezigcwele kakhulu futhi ezingezinhle, zandisa ubungozi bezifo ezibangelwa ukudla njenge-salmonella no-E. Coli. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ingafaka ingozi eyengeziwe yezifo ezingamahlalakhona njengokukhuluphala, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza ngenxa yamafutha aphezulu nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezakhi zomsoco emikhiqizweni efuleme embonini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zingozi zempilo ezingaba khona futhi ucabangele ukufeza ezinye izindlela ezivuthiwe noma ezikhuliswe ngokuqinile.
