Izilwandle zomhlaba, ezinkulu nezibonakala zingapheli, zinezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle. Nokho, ngaphansi kwendawo ecwebezelayo kuneqiniso elibuhlungu: ukuxhashazwa okudlangile kwemithombo yasolwandle ngokudoba ngokweqile nokubamba okungenakugwenywa kucindezela inqwaba yezilwane onqenqemeni lokushabalala. Lesi sihloko sihlola imiphumela edabukisayo yokudoba ngokweqile kanye nokubanjwa kwezinhlanzi ezingasogwini endaweni yemvelo yasolwandle, igqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinqubo zokuphatha ezisimeme ukuze kuvikelwe impilo nokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwezilwandle zethu.
Ukudoba ngokweqile
Ukudoba ngokweqile kwenzeka lapho izinhlanzi zivunwa ngesivinini esisheshayo kunalokho ezingase zizigcwalise ngokwazo. Lokhu kuphishekela ngokungapheli ukudla kwasolwandle kuye kwaholela ekuncipheni kwenani lezinhlanzi emhlabeni wonke. Imikhumbi yezokudoba ezimbonini enobuchwepheshe obuphambili kanye nemishini eyinkimbinkimbi inamandla okushanela zonke izifunda ezisolwandle, ishiye incithakalo ngemva kwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo zezilwane eziyisakhiwo sodumo ezifana ne-tuna, i-cod, ne-swordfish manje zibhekene nokuncipha okukhulu, kanti ezinye izakhamuzi zehlela emazingeni aphansi ngokuyingozi.
Imiphumela yokudoba ngokweqile idlulela ngalé kwezinhlobo ezihlosiwe. Iwebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yempilo yasolwandle incike kuzinhlelo zemvelo ezilinganayo ukuze zichume, futhi ukususwa kwezilwane ezidla ezinye eziyinhloko noma inyamazane kungase kubangele imiphumela egelezayo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokudla. Isibonelo, ukuwa kwenani lama-cod eNyakatho ye-Atlantic kuphazamise yonke i-ecosystem, okuholele ekwehleni kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane futhi kwafaka engcupheni ukuzinza kwemiphakathi ethembele kwezokudoba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudoba ngokweqile kuvame ukuphumela ekususweni kwabantu abaningi, abazalanayo kubantu, kunciphise ikhono labo lokuzigcwalisa nokuziphilisa. Lokhu kungaholela ekushintsheni kwezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kuzenze zibe sengozini enkulu yokucindezeleka kwemvelo futhi kunciphise ukuqina kwazo lapho zibhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
I-Bycatch
Ukwengeza ekuqondisweni okuqondile kwezinhlobo ezibalulekile zezentengiselwano, imisebenzi yokudoba ezimbonini iphinde ibambe inqwaba yezinhlobo okungahlosiwe, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-bycatch. Kusukela ezimfudumeni zasolwandle ezimangalisayo namahlengethwa kuya ezixhobo zamakhorali ezintekenteke nezinyoni zasolwandle, ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi ngendlela engenakugwenywa akusibonisi isihe ekubambeni kwakho ngokungakhethi. Amanetha okudoba, olayini abade, nezinye izinto zokudoba eziklanyelwe ukubamba izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ngokuvamile zibamba izisulu ezingahlosiwe, okuholela ekulimaleni, ekumitheni, noma ekufeni.
Inani lokubanjwa okungalindelekile kwezilwane zasolwandle liyamangalisa. Izigidi zezilwane zasolwandle ziyabulawa noma zilimale unyaka ngamunye njengomonakalo oyisibambiso ekuphishekeleni ukudla kwasolwandle. Izinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala zisengozini yokubanjwa ngokunganaki, okuzisondeza ekuqothulweni ngokubanjwa ngakunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile njengezixhobo zamakhorali kanye notshani basolwandle ngezimpahla zokudoba kwandisa ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi kubukela phansi impilo yemvelo yasolwandle.
Umthelela Womuntu
Imiphumela yokudoba ngokweqile kanye nezinhlanzi ezidotshwayo zidlulela ngalé kwendawo yezilwane zasolwandle, zibe nomthelela emiphakathini yabantu kanye nezomnotho. Imboni yokudoba ihlinzeka ngempilo ebalulekile ezigidini zabantu emhlabeni wonke, isekela imiphakathi egudle ugu futhi ihlinzeka ngamaprotheni ezigidini zabathengi. Nokho, ukuncipha kwenani lezinhlanzi kanye nokuwohloka kwezimiso zemvelo zasolwandle kusongela ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwalezi zindawo zokudoba, kubeka engcupheni ukulondeka kokudla nokuzinza kwezomnotho kwabantu abaningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuwa kwenani lezinhlanzi kungaba nemithelela ejulile yamasiko nenhlalo emiphakathini yendabuko kanye neyasogwini ebithembele ekudobeni izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Njengoba izinhlanzi ziba yindlala, kungase kuphakame izingxabano mayelana nezinsiza ezinciphayo, kubhebhethekise ukungezwani futhi kucekele phansi ukubumbana komphakathi. Kwezinye izimo, ukulahleka kwemikhuba yokudoba kanye nolwazi kuphinde kucekele phansi amasiko ale miphakathi, kuyishiye isengozini enkulu ezinseleleni zomnotho nezemvelo.
Sustainable Solutions
Ukubhekana nenkinga yokudoba ngokweqile kanye nokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi kudinga indlela enezici eziningi ehlanganisa amasu okuphatha aphumelelayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqalisa izinhlelo zokulawula izindawo zokudoba ezisekelwe kwisayensi, njengemikhawulo yokubamba, imingcele yobukhulu, nezindawo ezivikelwe zasolwandle, kubalulekile ekwakheni kabusha izinhlanzi eseziphelile kanye nokubuyisela impilo yemvelo yasolwandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni, ababambiqhaza bemboni, nezinhlangano zezokongiwa kwemvelo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphathwa kokudoba okusimeme emhlabeni wonke. Izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, njenge-United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement kanye ne-Convention on Biological Diversity, zihlinzeka ngezinhlaka zokubambisana nokuxhumana ekongiweni nasekuphathweni kwemithombo yasolwandle. Ngokusebenza ndawonye emingceleni nasezimbonini, singakha ikusasa lapho izilwandle zigcwele khona ukuphila nokuchuma ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
