Izilwane

Lesi sigaba sihlola indlela izilwane—imizwa, izidalwa ezicabangayo—ezithintwa ngayo izinhlelo esizakhayo kanye nezinkolelo esizisekelayo. Kuzo zonke izimboni namasiko, izilwane aziphathwa njengabantu ngabanye, kodwa njengezingxenye zokukhiqiza, ukuzijabulisa, noma ucwaningo. Izimpilo zazo ezingokomzwelo azinakwa, amazwi azo athuliswa. Ngalesi sigaba, siqala ukukhohlwa lezo zinkolelo futhi siphinde sithole izilwane njengezimpilo ezinemizwa: ezikwazi ukuthandana, ukuhlupheka, ilukuluku, kanye nokuxhumana. Kungukuphinde sithole lezo esizifundile ukuthi asiziboni.
Izigaba ezincane ezikulesi sigaba zinikeza umbono onezigaba eziningi wokuthi ukulimala kuvamile futhi kwenziwa kanjani. I-Animal Sentience isiphonsela inselelo yokuqaphela izimpilo zangaphakathi zezilwane kanye nesayensi eyisekelayo. I-Animal Welfare and Rights ibuza ngezinhlaka zethu zokuziphatha futhi iqokomisa ukunyakaza kokuguqulwa nokukhululwa. I-Factory Farming idalula enye yezinhlelo ezinonya kakhulu zokuxhashazwa kwezilwane eziningi—lapho ukusebenza kahle kudlula khona uzwela. Ku-Issues, silandelela izinhlobo eziningi zonya ezifakwe emikhubeni yabantu—kusukela ezikhejini nasemaketangeni kuya ekuhlolweni kwelebhu nasezindaweni zokuhlaba izisulu—okwembula ukuthi lokhu kungabi nabulungisa kuhamba kanjani ngokujule.
Kodwa inhloso yalesi sigaba akukhona nje ukuveza unya—kodwa ukuvula indlela eya esihawini, umthwalo wemfanelo, kanye noshintsho. Uma siqaphela umuzwa wezilwane kanye nezinhlelo ezizilimazayo, sithola namandla okukhetha ngendlela ehlukile. Kuyisimemo sokushintsha umbono wethu—kusukela ekubuseni kuya ekuhlonipheni, kusukela ekulimaleni kuya ekuzwaneni.

Imboni yezimonyo sekuyisikhathi eside ithembele ekuhlolweni kwezilwane njengendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba uye waba ngaphansi kokucutshungulwa okwandayo, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha kanye nemibuzo mayelana nesidingo sawo ezikhathini zanamuhla. Ukugqugquzelwa okwandayo kobuhle obungenalo unya kubonisa ukuguqukela komphakathi ezenzweni ezinobuntu kanye nezimeme. Lesi sihloko sidingida umlando wokuhlolwa kwezilwane, isimo samanje sokuphepha kwezimonyo, kanye nokwanda kwezinye izindlela ezingenalo unya. Umbono Ongokomlando Wokuhlolwa Kwezilwane Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ezimonzweni kungalandelelwa emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lapho ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu kuba yinto ekhathazayo yezempilo yomphakathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuntuleka kwezimiso zokuphepha ezijwayelekile kwaholela ezigamekweni ezimbalwa zezempilo, okwenza izinhlangano ezilawulayo nezinkampani zamukele ukuhlolwa kwezilwane njengesinyathelo sokuzivikela. Ukuhlolwa, okufana nokuhlolwa kwamehlo kwe-Draize nokuhlolwa kokucasuka kwesikhumba, kwathuthukiswa ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga okucasuka kanye nobuthi ngoku…

Njalo ngonyaka, izilwane ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu zikhuthazelela ukuhlupheka okungacabangeki ezindaweni zomhlaba wonke, zivuselela impikiswano ekhulayo mayelana nezimilo kanye nesidingo sokuhlolwa kwezilwane. Ukusuka ekuchayweni kobuhlakani bamakhemikhali ezinkundleni ezihlaselayo, lezi zinto ezinomqondo zibhekwa ngaphansi kwezimo ngaphansi kokwehluka kwesayensi. Kodwa-ke, ngentuthuko ngezindlela ezinama-tule-free ezinjengokuhlolwa kwe-vitro kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekhompyutha okunikezela ngemiphumela eqondile neyekhompyutha, okuqhubekayo kokuhlolwa kwezilwane okuphelelwe yisikhathi kuphakamisa imibuzo ephuthumayo ngokuziphatha, ukufaneleka kwesayensi kanye nomthelela wezemvelo. Le ndatshana idlulela emafela anokhahlo wokuhlolwa kwezilwane ngenkathi igqamisa izinyathelo ezisebenzisekayo esingazithatha ukuze ucwaninge izinyathelo zokuziphatha ezivikela zombili izilwane nempilo yabantu

Ukudla kwasolwandle kuyinto ebalulekile ekudleni komhlaba wonke, kodwa uhambo lwako oluya emapuletini ethu luvame ukuba nezindleko ezifihliwe. Ngemuva kokukhanga kwama-sushi rolls kanye nama-fish fillets kulele imboni egcwele ukuxhashazwa, lapho ukudoba ngokweqile, imikhuba ebhubhisayo, kanye nokuphathwa kabi kwezilwane zasemanzini kuyinto evamile. Kusukela emapulazini okufuya izilwane zasemanzini agcwele kakhulu kuya ekubanjweni okungahleliwe ngamanetha amakhulu okudoba, izidalwa ezingenakubalwa ezizwayo zibekezelela ukuhlupheka okukhulu zingabonakali. Ngenkathi izingxoxo zenhlalakahle yezilwane zivame ukugxila ezinhlotsheni zasemanzini, impilo yasolwandle isalokhu inganakwa kakhulu naphezu kokubhekana nezimo ezimbi ngokufanayo. Njengoba ulwazi lukhula ngalezi zihlukumezi ezinganakwa, kukhona ukubizwa okukhulayo kwamalungelo ezilwane zasemanzini kanye nokukhetha ukudla kwasolwandle okunezimiso zokuziphatha—okunikeza ithemba kokubili ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle kanye nezimpilo ezizisekelayo

Izindawo zokuxhela ziyizindawo lapho izilwane zicutshungulwa khona ukuze kutholakale inyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane. Nakuba abantu abaningi bengazi ngezinqubo ezinemininingwane nezobuchwepheshe ezenzeka kulezi zikhungo, kunezimo ezibuhlungu ezingemuva kwezigcawu ezithinta kakhulu izilwane ezihilelekile. Ngaphandle komonakalo ongokomzimba, okusobala, izilwane ezisemasangweni nazo zithola ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo, okuvame ukunganakwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola umonakalo ongokomzwelo nongokwengqondo ezilwaneni ezisemasangweni, sihlola ukuthi ukuziphatha kwazo kanye nezimo zengqondo kuthinteka kanjani kanye nemiphumela ebanzi enhlalakahleni yezilwane. Izimo Ezingaphakathi Kwezindawo Zokuxhela kanye Nomphumela Wazo Enhlalakahleni Yezilwane Izimo ezingaphakathi kwezindawo zokuxhela zivame ukuba zimbi futhi zingabonisi ubuntu, zibeka izilwane ochungechungeni lwezehlakalo ezimbi eziqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba zife ekugcineni. Lezi zindawo, ezenzelwe ngokuyinhloko ukusebenza kahle kanye nenzuzo, ziyaphithizela, zinzima, futhi azibonisi ubuntu, zidala indawo eyesabekayo yezilwane. Ukuvalelwa Emzimbeni Nokunyakaza Okulinganiselwe …

Isikhathi eside kakhulu, inganekwane yokuthi izinhlanzi azikwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu iye yathethelela unya olusakazekile ekudobeni nasekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi besayensi obukhulayo buveza iqiniso elihluke kakhulu: izinhlanzi zinezakhiwo zezinzwa kanye nezimpendulo zokuziphatha ezidingekayo ukuze zibhekane nobuhlungu, ukwesaba, kanye nokucindezeleka. Kusukela emikhubeni yokudoba yezentengiselwano ebangela ukuhlupheka isikhathi eside kuya ezinhlelweni zokufuya izilwane ezigcwele ukucindezeleka nezifo, izigidigidi zezinhlanzi zibhekana nokulimala okungenakucatshangwa minyaka yonke. Lesi sihloko sigxila kwisayensi engemuva kokuqonda izinhlanzi, sidalula ukwehluleka kokuziphatha kwalezi zimboni, futhi sisiphonsela inselelo yokuthi sicabange kabusha ngobuhlobo bethu nokuphila kwasemanzini—sikhuthaza izinqumo zozwela ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yezilwane kunokuxhashazwa

Izingulube sekuyisikhathi eside zihlotshaniswa nempilo yasepulazini, ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengezilwane ezingcolile, ezingahlakaniphile. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva luphonsela inselele lo mbono, luphakamisa ukuthi izingulube zingase zihlakaniphe kakhulu kunalokho esasikucabanga. Eqinisweni, izingulube zibonisa amakhono okuqonda aphikisana nalawo amanye ama-primates. Lesi sihloko sicubungula emhlabeni wokuqonda kwezingulube, sihlola ubufakazi obuveza izingulube njengezidalwa ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ezikwazi ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuxazulula izinkinga. Ingabe izingulube zihlakaniphile? Impela, izingulube ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphile! Amashumi eminyaka ocwaningo nokubheka anikeze ubufakazi obuqinile bamakhono abo okuqonda amangalisayo. Izingulube aziyona nje inkimbinkimbi ngokomzwelo kodwa futhi ziyakwazi ukuzwa uhla lwemizwa efana neyomuntu, okuhlanganisa injabulo, injabulo, ukwesaba, nokukhathazeka. Ikhono labo lokwakha izinkumbulo liyamangalisa, futhi bangagcina ukwaziswa okubalulekile isikhathi eside. Lo mthamo wenkumbulo udlala indima ebalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga nasekuzivumelaniseni nezimo. Ngokwenhlalo, izingulube zikhombisa okuthuthukile…

Imboni yomjaho wamahhashi iwukuhlupheka kwezilwane ekuzijabuliseni kwabantu. Umjaho wamahhashi uvame ukwenziwa ngothando njengomdlalo othokozisayo kanye nokuboniswa kobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu nezilwane. Nokho, ngaphansi kobukhazikhazi bayo kukhona iqiniso lonya nokuxhashazwa. Amahhashi, izidalwa ezizwelayo ezikwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu nemizwelo, zingaphansi kwemikhuba ebeka inzuzo kuqala ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yazo. Nazi ezinye zezizathu ezibalulekile zokuthi kungani umjaho wamahhashi unonya ngokwemvelo: Izingozi Ezibulalayo Emjahweni Wamahhashi zibeka amahhashi ezingozini ezinkulu zokulimala, ngokuvamile okuholela emiphumeleni enzima futhi ngezinye izikhathi eyinhlekelele, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukumezeka okufana nokuphuka izintamo, ukuphuka kwemilenze, noma enye impilo. - ukulimala okusongelayo. Uma lokhu kulimala kwenzeka, i-euthanasia ephuthumayo ivame ukuba ukuphela kwendlela, njengoba imvelo ye-equine anatomy yenza ukululama ekulimaleni okunjalo kube inselele kakhulu, uma kungenzeki. Amathuba anqwabelene kakhulu kumahhashi embonini yemijaho, lapho inhlalakahle yawo ivamise ukuthatha inzuzo futhi ...

Ukulima kwasefektri kubusa ukukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke, kodwa akunaki ngokuhlelekile ukuzwela kwezilwane—izidalwa ezikwazi ukuba nemizwa, ubuhlungu, kanye nobudlelwano bomphakathi. Izingulube ezixazulula izinkinga, izinkomo ezikhalela amathole azo, kanye nezinkukhu ezibonisa ukubona kusengaphambili zincishiswa zibe yizimpahla embonini ephawulwe ukuminyana ngokweqile, ukunqunywa ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa, kanye nemikhuba yokuhlatshwa ecindezelayo. Lokhu kuqondiswa kokuziphatha kuqhubela phambili ukuhlupheka okukhulu ngenkathi kuphakamisa imibuzo ejulile yokuziphatha mayelana nokuphathwa kwesintu impilo yokuzwela. Ngokuqaphela ukuzwela kwezilwane nokwamukela ezinye izindlela ezifana nokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni noma inyama etshaliwe, singayiphonsela inselelo le ndlela yokuxhaphaza futhi sikhuthaze indlela enobuntu kakhulu yokukhiqizwa kokudla

Ukulima efektri, uhlelo olwenzelwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, luguqule ukufuywa kwezingulube kwaba inqubo evame ukunganaki inhlalakahle yezilwane. Ngemuva kweminyango evaliwe yale misebenzi kulele iqiniso elibuhlungu lonya nokuhlupheka. Izingulube, izilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu nezenhlalo, zibhekana nemikhuba engenabuntu ebeka phambili inzuzo kunenhlalakahle yazo. Lapha, siveza ezinye zezimo ezishaqisayo kanye nokwelashwa izingulube ezifuywayo ezibhekana nakho emapulazini efektri. Ukuvalelwa Okuxineneyo: Impilo Yokungakwazi Ukunyakaza Nokuhlupheka Esinye sezici eziphazamisa kakhulu zokulima izingulube ukuvalelwa kwezingulube, noma izingulube ezizalelayo, emabhokisini okukhulelwa—izindawo ezincane zensimbi ezibonisa ukusebenza kahle kokulima efektri. Lawa mabhokisi makhulu kancane kunezingulube ngokwazo, ngokuvamile alinganiselwa kumamitha amabili ububanzi namamitha angu-7 ubude, okwenza kube nzima ngokomzimba ukuthi izilwane ziphenduke, zelule, noma zilale phansi ngokunethezeka. Izingulube zichitha cishe impilo yazo yonke …

Emthunzini wokulima efektri, inkinga efihlekile yenzeka ngaphansi kwezinhlanzi zamanzi, izidalwa ezinobuhlakani kanye nezinto ezihlakaniphile, zikhuthazele ukuhlupheka okungacabangeki ngokuthula. Ngenkathi izingxoxo eziphathelene nenhlalonhle yezilwane zivame ukugxila ezilwaneni zomhlaba, ukuxhashazwa kwezinhlanzi ngokudotshwa kwezimboni kanye ne-aquaculture kuhlala kunganakwa kakhulu. Uboshelwe ezimweni ezigcwele kakhulu futhi wavezwa amakhemikhali ayingozi kanye nokubhujiswa kwemvelo, lezi zidalwa zibhekana nonya olungapheli olunganakwa ngabathengi abaningi. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha, umthelela wemvelo, kanye nocingo oluphuthumayo ukuze aqaphele inhlanzi njengokufanele ukuvikelwa nobubele ezinhlelo zethu zokudla. Ushintsho luqala ngokuqwashisa-ake silethe usizi lwabo