Izilwane

Lesi sigaba sihlola ukuthi izilwane - ukuzizwa, zicabanga kanjani - zithinteka ezinhlelweni esizalayo nezinkolelo esizisekelayo. Ngaphesheya kwezimboni namasiko, izilwane aziphathwa njengabantu, kodwa njengamayunithi wokukhiqiza, ukuzijabulisa, noma ucwaningo. Izimpilo zabo ezingokomzwelo azinakwa, amazwi abo athuliswa. Ngalesi sigaba, siqala ukuluveza lokho kucatshangelwa futhi siphinde sithole izilwane njengezimpilo ezifutho: Ukuhlupheka, ukuhlupheka, ilukuluku nokuxhumana. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kulabo esikufundile ukungakuboni.
Izigatshana eziphakathi kwalesi sigaba zihlinzeka ngombono obekelwe ama-multi abuhlungu ngendlela enzima ngayo futhi isebenza ngokwezikhungo. Izilwane ukuzwela zisiphonsela inselelo yokuthi sibone izimpilo zangaphakathi zezilwane kanye nesayensi ezikusekelayo. Inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nemibuzo yamalungelo izinhlaka zethu zokuziphatha kanye nokugqamisa ukunyakaza kokuguqulwa kanye nokukhululwa. I-Factory Farming iveza enye yezinhlelo ezinesihluku kakhulu zokuxhashazwa kwezilwane eziningi - lapho ukusebenza kahle ngokweqile. Ezindabeni, silandelela izinhlobo eziningi zesihluku emisebenzini yabantu - emakhejini nasekuhlolweni kwamaketanga kanye namaketanga okuhlatshwa amakhethini namakhethini okuhlatshwa ngamakhemikhali - okuvezwa ukuthi lokhu kungazenzela okujulile kangakanani.
Kodwa-ke inhloso yalesi sigaba akuyona nje ukudalula unya - kodwa ukuvula indlela ebuzweni, isibopho, kanye noshintsho. Lapho sivuma ukuzwela kwezilwane nezinhlelo ezibalimazayo, sithola namandla okukhetha okuhlukile. Kuyisimemo sokushintsha umbono wethu - kusuka ekubuseni ukuze uhlonishwe, kusuka ekulimaleni kuya ekuvumelaneni.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umhlaba ubone ushintsho olukhulu emkhakheni wocwaningo lwesayensi, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nezimonyo. Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kwendabuko, okuke kwabonwa njengendlela edingekayo yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemikhiqizo, kuya kuphonselwa inselelo ngokufika kwezindlela zokuhlola okungezona ezesilwane. Lezi zindlela ezintsha azithembisi nje ukuba nobuntu kodwa futhi zizoshesha, zishibhile, futhi zithembeke kakhulu kunozakwabo abasekelwe ezilwaneni. I-Cell Cultures Amasiko amaseli abe yithuluzi elibalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi lwesimanje, olwenza ososayensi bakhule futhi bafunde amangqamuzana omuntu nawezilwane ngaphandle komzimba. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zamangqamuzana omuntu nezilwane, kusukela kumangqamuzana esikhumba kuye kuma-neuron namaseli esibindi, zingakhuliswa ngempumelelo elabhorethri. Lokhu kuye kwavumela abacwaningi ukuba bahlole ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwamaseli ngezindlela ezazingenakwenzeka ngaphambili. Amasiko amaseli atshalwa ezitsheni ze-petri noma amaflask agcwele ...

Amakhreyithi okumitha kwezingulube awumkhuba ophikisana kakhulu ekufuyweni kwezilwane zanamuhla. Lezi zindawo ezincane, ezivalekile zisetshenziselwa ukuhlalisa izingulube zezinsikazi, noma izingulube, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwazo. Lo mkhuba uye wavusa izinkulumo-mpikiswano ezivamile eziphathelene nenhlalakahle yezilwane, njengoba ngokuvamile uphumela ekucindezelekeni okuphawulekayo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ezilwaneni ezihilelekile. Lesi sihloko sidingida ukuthi ayini amakhreyithi okukhulelwa, kungani esetshenziswa ekulimeni kwezimboni, kanye nokukhathazeka ngesimilo akuphakamisayo. Ayini Amakhreyithi Okukhulelwa? Amakhreyithi okumitha, abuye abizwe ngokuthi amatafula engulube, ayizibaya ezincane, ezivalekile ezenziwe ngensimbi noma ngocingo ezenzelwe ukubamba izingulube ezikhulelwe (ezingulubeni) ezindaweni zokulima ezimbonini. Lawa makhreyithi enziwe ngokukhethekile ukuze avimbele ukuhamba kwengulube phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa kwayo, anikeze indawo encane yokuzivivinya. Imvamisa ayilinganisi ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ububanzi namafidi ayisikhombisa ubude, idizayini incane ngamabomu, ivumela ingulube ensikazi isikhala esanele sokuma noma ukuqamba amanga ...

Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane sekuyisikhathi eside kuyindaba yempikiswano eshubile, nokukhathazeka okusabalele mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuhlupheka okubekezelelwa izilwane. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nemithi, izimonyo, nokuphepha kwamakhemikhali. Nakuba abanye bephikisana ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthuke isayensi, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kubangela ukulimala okungadingekile ezidalwa ezizwelayo. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlola izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwezilwane, ukuhlupheka okuhilelekile, nokukhathazeka kokuziphatha okuzungeze lo mkhuba. Izinhlobo Zokuhlolwa Kwezimonyo Zokuhlola Izilwane: Izinkampani zezimonyo zike zasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ngokomlando ukuze zinqume ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yazo. Onogwaja, izingulube, kanye namagundane avame ukusetshenziswa esikhumbeni, ukucasuka kwamehlo, kanye nokuhlola ubuthi. Lokhu kuhlola kuklanyelwe ukukala ukuthi imikhiqizo efana namashampoo, izinto zokuthambisa, nezimonyo isithinta kanjani isikhumba namehlo ezilwane. Ngaphandle kwenqubekelaphambili ebheke kwezinye izindlela zokuhlola, ezinye izifunda zisakuvumela ukuhlolwa kwezilwane zezimonyo. Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Toxicology: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Toxicology ...

Ngenani elikhulu kakhulu lemikhiqizo yobuhle egcwele imakethe namuhla, kulula ukuzizwa udidekile noma udukiswe izimangalo ezihlukahlukene ezenziwa amabhrendi. Nakuba imikhiqizo eminingi iqhosha ngamalebula anjengokuthi “Ayinanya,” “Ayihloliwe Ezilwaneni,” noma “Ithole Umthombo Wokuziphatha,” akuzona zonke lezi zimangalo eziyiqiniso ngendlela ezingase zivele ngayo. Njengoba izinkampani eziningi kangaka zigxumela embonweni wokuziphatha, kungaba inselele ukuhlukanisa labo abazinikele ngempela enhlalakahleni yezilwane nalabo abasebenzisa amagama nje ukuze bathengise imikhiqizo eminingi. Kulesi sihloko, ngizokuqondisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngenqubo yokuhlonza imikhiqizo yobuhle engenakho Unya ngempela. Uzofunda ukufunda amalebula, ukuqonda izimpawu zesitifiketi, nokwehlukanisa phakathi kwemikhiqizo esekela ngokweqiniso amalungelo ezilwane nalawo angase adukise abathengi. Ekupheleni kwalo mhlahlandlela, uzoba nolwazi nokuzethemba ukwenza unolwazi…

Imboni yezimonyo sekuyisikhathi eside ithembele ekuhlolweni kwezilwane njengendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba uye waba ngaphansi kokucutshungulwa okwandayo, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha kanye nemibuzo mayelana nesidingo sawo ezikhathini zanamuhla. Ukugqugquzelwa okwandayo kobuhle obungenalo unya kubonisa ukuguqukela komphakathi ezenzweni ezinobuntu kanye nezimeme. Lesi sihloko sidingida umlando wokuhlolwa kwezilwane, isimo samanje sokuphepha kwezimonyo, kanye nokwanda kwezinye izindlela ezingenalo unya. Umbono Ongokomlando Wokuhlolwa Kwezilwane Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ezimonzweni kungalandelelwa emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lapho ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu kuba yinto ekhathazayo yezempilo yomphakathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuntuleka kwezimiso zokuphepha ezijwayelekile kwaholela ezigamekweni ezimbalwa zezempilo, okwenza izinhlangano ezilawulayo nezinkampani zamukele ukuhlolwa kwezilwane njengesinyathelo sokuzivikela. Ukuhlolwa, okufana nokuhlolwa kwamehlo kwe-Draize nokuhlolwa kokucasuka kwesikhumba, kwathuthukiswa ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga okucasuka kanye nobuthi ngoku…

Njalo ngonyaka, izilwane ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu zikhuthazelela ukuhlupheka okungacabangeki ezindaweni zomhlaba wonke, zivuselela impikiswano ekhulayo mayelana nezimilo kanye nesidingo sokuhlolwa kwezilwane. Ukusuka ekuchayweni kobuhlakani bamakhemikhali ezinkundleni ezihlaselayo, lezi zinto ezinomqondo zibhekwa ngaphansi kwezimo ngaphansi kokwehluka kwesayensi. Kodwa-ke, ngentuthuko ngezindlela ezinama-tule-free ezinjengokuhlolwa kwe-vitro kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekhompyutha okunikezela ngemiphumela eqondile neyekhompyutha, okuqhubekayo kokuhlolwa kwezilwane okuphelelwe yisikhathi kuphakamisa imibuzo ephuthumayo ngokuziphatha, ukufaneleka kwesayensi kanye nomthelela wezemvelo. Le ndatshana idlulela emafela anokhahlo wokuhlolwa kwezilwane ngenkathi igqamisa izinyathelo ezisebenzisekayo esingazithatha ukuze ucwaninge izinyathelo zokuziphatha ezivikela zombili izilwane nempilo yabantu

Ukudla kwasolwandle kuyisisekelo sokudla komhlaba jikelele, kepha uhambo lwalo lokuya kwamapuleti ethu luvame ukuza ngezindleko ezifihliwe. Ngemuva kwesabelo se-sushi rolls kanye nezihlungi zezinhlanzi kulele embonini egcwele ukuxhashazwa, lapho ukwenziwa ngokweqile, imikhuba ebhubhisayo, nokuphathwa ngonya kwezilwane zasemanzini kuyinto evamile. Ukusuka emapulazini aqashile agcwele e-aquacauldies ku-bycatch ngokungakhethi amanetha amakhulu okudoba, izidalwa ezingenakubalwa ezinamandla zikhuthazelela ukuhlupheka okukhulu ngaphandle kokubona. Ngenkathi izingxoxo zezenhlalakahle zezilwane zivame ukuba phakathi kwezinhlobo ezisuselwa emhlabathini, impilo yasolwandle ihlala inganakwa kakhulu yize kubhekene nemibandela embi ngokulinganayo. Njengoba ukuqwashisa kukhula ngalezi zinkomba ezinganakwa, kukhona ucingo olukhuphukayo lwamalungelo ezilwane zasemanzini kanye nezinqumo zokudla kwasolwandle okuthe xaxa - ukunikela ngethemba kuzo zombili izimpilo zolwandle kanye nezimpilo abasekelayo

Izilaha izindawo lapho izilwane zigaywa khona ukuze kutholwe inyama neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane. Yize abantu abaningi bengazi ngezinqubo ezinemininingwane nezobuchwepheshe ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwalezi zikhungo, kukhona amaqiniso abuhlungu ngemuva kwezigcawu athinta kakhulu izilwane ezihilelekile. Ngaphandle komthwalo ongokomzimba, osobala, izilwane ezilashelwa nazo zibhekana nokucindezeleka okujulile ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo, okuvame ukunganakwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuhlukumezeka ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo kwezilwane ezindlini zokulashelwa, sihlola ukuthi ukuziphatha kwazo nezimo zengqondo zazo kuthinteka kanjani kanye nemithelela ebanzi enhlalakahleni yezilwane. Izimo Ezingaphakathi Kwezindawo Zokuhlabela kanye Nomthelela Wazo Enhlalakahleni Yezilwane Izimo ezingaphakathi kwamadela zivame ukuhlukumeza futhi zingenabuntu, zibeka izilwane ochungechungeni lwezenzakalo olubi oluqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba zife ekugcineni. Lezi zinsiza, eziklanyelwe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwenza inzuzo, zinesiphithiphithi, ziyaxaka, futhi zilulaza ubuntu, zidala indawo esabekayo yezilwane. Ukuvalelwa ngokomzimba kanye Nokunyakaza Okukhawulelwe…

Isikhathi eside kakhulu, insumansumane yokuthi izinhlanzi azinakukwazi ukuzwa izinhlungu zilungiselele isihluku esisakazekile ekudobeni nasezindaweni ezifuywayo. Kodwa-ke, ukufaka ubufakazi besayensi ekwakhekeni okuhluke ngokuphelele: Izinhlanzi zinezinhlaka zemizwa kanye nezimpendulo zokuziphatha ezidingekayo zokubhekana nobuhlungu, ukwesaba, kanye nosizi. Emisebenzini yokudoba yokudonswa kwezentengiselwano ehlukumeza ama-aquacauture ahlala isikhathi eside agcwele izingcindezi nezifo, izigidigidi zezinhlanzi zikhuthazelela ukulimala okungacabangeki unyaka nonyaka. Le ndatshana ingena kwisayensi ngemuva kokudunwa kwezinhlanzi, iveze amaphutha okuziphatha kwalezi zimboni, futhi inselele ukuthi siphinde sicabange ubuhlobo bethu nokuphila kwasemanzini okubeka phambili inhlala-kahle yezilwane ngokuxhashazwa kwezilwane ngokweqile

Izingulube sekuyisikhathi eside zihlotshaniswa nempilo yasepulazini, ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengezilwane ezingcolile, ezingahlakaniphile. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva luphonsela inselele lo mbono, luphakamisa ukuthi izingulube zingase zihlakaniphe kakhulu kunalokho esasikucabanga. Eqinisweni, izingulube zibonisa amakhono okuqonda aphikisana nalawo amanye ama-primates. Lesi sihloko sicubungula emhlabeni wokuqonda kwezingulube, sihlola ubufakazi obuveza izingulube njengezidalwa ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ezikwazi ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuxazulula izinkinga. Ingabe izingulube zihlakaniphile? Impela, izingulube ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphile! Amashumi eminyaka ocwaningo nokubheka anikeze ubufakazi obuqinile bamakhono abo okuqonda amangalisayo. Izingulube aziyona nje inkimbinkimbi ngokomzwelo kodwa futhi ziyakwazi ukuzwa uhla lwemizwa efana neyomuntu, okuhlanganisa injabulo, injabulo, ukwesaba, nokukhathazeka. Ikhono labo lokwakha izinkumbulo liyamangalisa, futhi bangagcina ukwaziswa okubalulekile isikhathi eside. Lo mthamo wenkumbulo udlala indima ebalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga nasekuzivumelaniseni nezimo. Ngokwenhlalo, izingulube zikhombisa okuthuthukile…