Ibitekerezo byimyitwarire - Humane Foundation

Iki cyiciro cyibanze kubibazo bikomeye byimyitwarire bijyanye n'imikoranire yacu ninyamaswa ninshingano zimyitwarire abantu bafite. Irasobanura ishingiro rya filozofiya irwanya imikorere isanzwe nko guhinga uruganda, gupima inyamaswa, no gukoresha inyamaswa mu myidagaduro n'ubushakashatsi. Mugusuzuma ibitekerezo nkuburenganzira bwinyamaswa, ubutabera, n’ikigo cy’imyitwarire, iki gice kirasaba ko hajyaho uburyo bushya bwo gusuzuma imikorere n’imico y’umuco ituma imikoreshereze ikomeza.
Imyitwarire yimyitwarire irenze impaka za filozofiya-zerekana amahitamo afatika dufata burimunsi, uhereye kubiryo turya kugeza kubicuruzwa tugura na politiki dushyigikiye. Iki gice kiragaragaza amakimbirane akomeje hagati y’inyungu z’ubukungu, imigenzo gakondo ishingiye ku muco, hamwe n’imyumvire igenda yiyongera isaba ko inyamaswa zita ku bantu. Irahamagarira abasomyi kumenya uburyo ibyemezo byabo bya buri munsi bigira uruhare cyangwa bifasha gusenya sisitemu yo gukoresha no gutekereza ku ngaruka nini zubuzima bwabo ku mibereho y’inyamaswa.
Mugushishikarizwa gutekereza cyane, iki cyiciro gishishikariza abantu gukurikiza imyitwarire myiza kandi bagashyigikira byimazeyo impinduka zifatika muri societe. Irerekana akamaro ko kwemeza inyamaswa nkibinyabuzima bifite agaciro bifite agaciro gakomeye, bifite ishingiro mu kurema isi nziza kandi yuzuye impuhwe - aho kubaha ibiremwa byose bifite ubuzima ni ihame ngenderwaho mu gufata ibyemezo no mubikorwa byacu.

Umubano wacu ninyamaswa urangwa no kwivuguruza gukomeye, gushingiye kumico gakondo, gutekereza kubitekerezo, no guhuza amarangamutima. Kuva mu matungo akunzwe atanga ubusabane n'amatungo yororerwa ibiryo cyangwa ibiremwa bikoreshwa mu myidagaduro, uburyo tubona kandi dufata inyamaswa bugaragaza imikoranire igoye yo kubaha no gukoreshwa. Iyi myumvire ivuguruzanya iraduhatira guhangana n’ingorabahizi zishingiye ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, kuramba, ndetse n’ibinyabuzima - bidutera gutekereza cyane ku kuntu amahitamo yacu agira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri muntu ndetse n’isi muri rusange?

Inyoni ni ibiremwa bikurura bizwi kubera amabara meza, indirimbo zitoroshye, hamwe na kamere yo gukina. Mu binyejana byashize, abantu barabashimye, akenshi babigumana nk'amatungo mu kato. Ariko rero, kugumisha inyoni mu kato biramenyekana ko byangiza ubuzima bwabo, biganisha ku mubabaro ku mubiri no mu mutwe. Iyi ngingo irasobanura impamvu kugumisha inyoni mu kato byangiza ubuzima bwabo n’ibyishimo, ikanasobanura ingaruka zikomeye zo kwifungisha ku myitwarire yabo isanzwe, imibanire myiza, n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Ubuzima Kamere bwinyoni: Isi Yubwisanzure nubusabane Mubusozi, inyoni ni ibiremwa byimibereho cyane, bikozwe muburyo bwimiterere yibidukikije. Ntabwo ari ibiremwa byonyine ahubwo bitera imbere mumiryango ifite imbaraga, ifitanye isano ibafasha kumarangamutima no mumubiri. Bitandukanye no kubaho kwonyine inyoni nyinshi zifunze zihura nazo, bagenzi babo bo mwishyamba bakora ubumwe bukomeye, ubuzima bwabo bwose hamwe nabakunzi babo, bigatuma habaho urusobe rwimibanire…

Ibikomoka ku bimera ntibirenze guhitamo imirire - ni urugendo rugenda rwiyongera rugaragaza impuhwe, kuramba, no guharanira kwibohora inyamaswa. Imizi yabyo mubuzima bwimyitwarire, iyi mibereho irwanya ikoreshwa ryinyamanswa mu nganda mugihe gikemura ibibazo byingutu nko kwangiza ibidukikije nubutabera. Mu gihe ubumenyi bw’ubuhinzi bw’inganda bugira ingaruka ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ndetse n’ubuzima bw’abantu bukomeje kwiyongera, ibikomoka ku bimera bigira uruhare runini ku muntu ku giti cye ndetse no guharanira ko habaho impinduka. Iyi ngingo irasobanura uburyo ibikomoka ku bimera byahindutse imbaraga zo guhindura isi nziza - aho ibikorwa byose bigira uruhare mu kurinda inyamaswa, kubungabunga isi, no guteza imbere uburinganire bw’ibinyabuzima byose

Ibikomoka ku bimera ntibirenze guhitamo imirire - ni umuryango ukomeye uharanira imibereho y’inyamaswa, ibidukikije, ndetse n’ubuzima bwiza. Kubera ko ubuhinzi bw’uruganda bwiganje ku musaruro w’ibiribwa ku isi, ingaruka mbi z’inyamaswa, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, n’ubuzima rusange byateje impaka zihutirwa. Inyamaswa zihanganira imibabaro idashoboka mu bihe byuzuye mu gihe inganda zigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, n’umwanda. Kwakira ibikomoka ku bimera bitanga ubundi buryo bwimpuhwe zirwanya ibyo bikorwa bibi. Iyi ngingo irasobanura isano iri hagati y’ibikomoka ku bimera n’imibereho y’inyamaswa, yerekana uburyo ubuzima bushingiye ku bimera bushobora kurwanya ubugome mu buhinzi bw’uruganda mu gihe buteza imbere ejo hazaza h’ibinyabuzima byose.

Ibisanduku byo gusama ku ngurube ni umuco utavugwaho rumwe cyane mu bworozi bwa kijyambere. Iyi myanya mito, ifunzwe ikoreshwa mu kubamo ingurube, cyangwa kubiba, mugihe batwite. Imyitozo yateje impaka zishingiye ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, kuko akenshi zitera umubabaro mwinshi ku mubiri no mu mutwe ku nyamaswa zirimo. Iyi ngingo irasobanura neza ibisanduku byo gusama aribyo, impamvu bikoreshwa mubuhinzi bwinganda, nibibazo byimyitwarire bazamura. Ibisanduku byo gusama ni iki? Ibisanduku byo gusama, byitwa kandi aho babiba, ni bito, bifungiwe mu cyuma cyangwa insinga zagenewe gufata ingurube zitwite (kubiba) mu buhinzi bw’inganda. Utwo dusanduku twakozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo tubuze imbuto igihe atwite, bitanga umwanya muto wo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Ubusanzwe gupima uburebure butarenze metero ebyiri z'ubugari na metero zirindwi z'uburebure, igishushanyo ni gito, nkana kubiba umwanya uhagije wo guhagarara cyangwa kubeshya…

Kwipimisha inyamaswa bimaze igihe kinini bivugwaho rumwe, hamwe n’impungenge nyinshi ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’imibabaro yatewe n’inyamaswa. Ibi bizamini bikorerwa mubice bitandukanye nkubuvuzi, kwisiga, numutekano wimiti. Mu gihe bamwe bavuga ko gupima inyamaswa ari ngombwa kugira ngo habeho iterambere mu bumenyi, abandi bemeza ko bitera ingaruka mbi ku biremwa bifite imyumvire. Iyi ngingo igamije kumenya ubwoko bwipimisha inyamaswa, imibabaro irimo, hamwe n’imyitwarire ikikije imyitozo. Ubwoko bwo Kwipimisha Amavuta yo kwisiga: Amasosiyete yo kwisiga yakoresheje amateka yo gupima inyamaswa kugirango amenye umutekano wibicuruzwa byabo. Inkwavu, ingurube, n'imbeba zikoreshwa kenshi mu kurwara uruhu, kurakara amaso, no gupima uburozi. Ibi bizamini byateguwe kugirango bipime uburyo ibicuruzwa nka shampo, amavuta yo kwisiga, hamwe na maquillage bigira ingaruka kumubiri wamaso n'amaso. Nubwo hari intambwe iganisha ku bundi buryo bwo kwipimisha, uturere tumwe na tumwe twemerera kwipimisha inyamaswa zo kwisiga. Kwipimisha Uburozi: Ibizamini byuburozi ni…

Inganda zo kwisiga zimaze igihe zishingiye ku gupima inyamaswa mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano w’ibicuruzwa. Nyamara, iyi myitozo yaje gukurikiranwa cyane, itera impungenge imyitwarire nibibazo bikenewe muri iki gihe. Ubuvugizi bugenda bwiyongera kubwiza butagira ubugome bugaragaza impinduka zabaturage mubikorwa byinshi byubumuntu kandi birambye. Iyi ngingo iracengera mumateka yo gupima inyamaswa, imiterere yubu yumutekano wo kwisiga, no kuzamuka kwubundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome. Ibitekerezo byamateka kubijyanye no gupima inyamaswa Kwipimisha amatungo mu kwisiga birashobora guhera mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 igihe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu wabaye ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange. Muri kiriya gihe, kutagira protocole y’umutekano isanzwe byateje ibibazo byinshi by’ubuzima, bituma inzego n’ubuyobozi n’amasosiyete bifata ibizamini by’inyamaswa mu rwego rwo kwirinda. Ibizamini, nk'ikizamini cy'amaso ya Draize hamwe n'ibizamini byo kurwara uruhu, byakozwe kugira ngo hamenyekane uburakari n'uburozi by…

Buri mwaka, inyamaswa zirenga miliyoni 100 zihanganira imibabaro idashoboka muri laboratoire ku isi, bigatuma impaka zigenda ziyongera ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’ibikenewe kwipimisha inyamaswa. Kuva muburozi bwa chimique bwangiza kugeza uburyo butera, ibyo biremwa bifite imyumvire bikorerwa mubuzima bwa kimuntu bitwaje iterambere ryubumenyi. Nyamara, hamwe niterambere mu bundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome nko mu gupima vitro no kwigana mudasobwa bitanga ibisubizo nyabyo kandi by’ubumuntu, gukomeza kwishingikiriza ku bushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa zishaje bitera kwibaza ibibazo byihutirwa bijyanye n’imyitwarire, agaciro ka siyansi, n’ingaruka ku bidukikije. Iyi ngingo irasesengura ukuri gukomeye kwipimisha inyamaswa mugihe hagaragajwe intambwe zifatika dushobora gutera kugirango duhangane nubushakashatsi bwimyitwarire irinda inyamaswa nubuzima bwabantu

Ibagiro ni ahantu inyamaswa zitunganyirizwa inyama nibindi bicuruzwa bikomoka ku nyamaswa. Mugihe abantu benshi batazi inzira zirambuye na tekiniki zibera muribi bigo, hariho ibintu bikaze byihishe inyuma yibintu bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyamaswa zirimo. Kurenga ku mubare w'umubiri, bigaragara, inyamaswa ziri mu ibagiro nazo zigira akababaro gakomeye k'amarangamutima ndetse na psychologiya, akenshi usanga yirengagizwa. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza amarangamutima n’imyumvire ku nyamaswa ziri mu ibagiro, isuzuma uburyo imyitwarire yabo n’imitekerereze bigira ingaruka n’ingaruka nini ku mibereho y’inyamaswa. Imiterere Imbere mu Bagiro n’ingaruka zabyo ku mibereho y’inyamaswa Ibihe biri mu ibagiro bikunze kuba bibi kandi bitagira ubumuntu, bigatuma inyamaswa zikurikirana ibintu bibi cyane bitangira kera mbere y’urupfu rwabo. Ibi bikoresho, byateguwe cyane cyane kubikorwa no kunguka, ni akajagari, birenze, kandi bitesha umuntu agaciro, bigatera ibidukikije biteye ubwoba inyamaswa. Kwisobanura kumubiri no kugenda kugarukira…

Kuva kera cyane, umugani uvuga ko amafi adashobora kumva ububabare byagaragaje ubugome bukabije mu kuroba no mu bworozi bw'amafi. Nyamara, ibimenyetso byinshi bya siyansi byerekana ukuri gutandukanye cyane: amafi afite imiterere yimitsi ndetse nigisubizo cyimyitwarire ikenewe muguhura nububabare, ubwoba, numubabaro. Kuva mu bucuruzi bw’uburobyi butera imibabaro igihe kirekire kugeza kuri gahunda y’ubuhinzi bw’amafi yuzuyemo ibibazo n’indwara, amamiliyaridi y’amafi yihanganira ingaruka zitavugwa buri mwaka. Iyi ngingo yibanda ku bumenyi bwihishe inyuma y’amafi, iragaragaza amakosa y’imyitwarire y’inganda, kandi idusaba kongera gutekereza ku mibanire yacu n’ubuzima bwo mu mazi - irasaba guhitamo impuhwe zishyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa kuruta kuyikoresha.