Ibitekerezo byimyitwarire - Humane Foundation

Iki cyiciro cyibanze kubibazo bikomeye byimyitwarire bijyanye n'imikoranire yacu ninyamaswa ninshingano zimyitwarire abantu bafite. Irasobanura ishingiro rya filozofiya irwanya imikorere isanzwe nko guhinga uruganda, gupima inyamaswa, no gukoresha inyamaswa mu myidagaduro n'ubushakashatsi. Mugusuzuma ibitekerezo nkuburenganzira bwinyamaswa, ubutabera, n’ikigo cy’imyitwarire, iki gice kirasaba ko hajyaho uburyo bushya bwo gusuzuma imikorere n’imico y’umuco ituma imikoreshereze ikomeza.
Imyitwarire yimyitwarire irenze impaka za filozofiya-zerekana amahitamo afatika dufata burimunsi, uhereye kubiryo turya kugeza kubicuruzwa tugura na politiki dushyigikiye. Iki gice kiragaragaza amakimbirane akomeje hagati y’inyungu z’ubukungu, imigenzo gakondo ishingiye ku muco, hamwe n’imyumvire igenda yiyongera isaba ko inyamaswa zita ku bantu. Irahamagarira abasomyi kumenya uburyo ibyemezo byabo bya buri munsi bigira uruhare cyangwa bifasha gusenya sisitemu yo gukoresha no gutekereza ku ngaruka nini zubuzima bwabo ku mibereho y’inyamaswa.
Mugushishikarizwa gutekereza cyane, iki cyiciro gishishikariza abantu gukurikiza imyitwarire myiza kandi bagashyigikira byimazeyo impinduka zifatika muri societe. Irerekana akamaro ko kwemeza inyamaswa nkibinyabuzima bifite agaciro bifite agaciro gakomeye, bifite ishingiro mu kurema isi nziza kandi yuzuye impuhwe - aho kubaha ibiremwa byose bifite ubuzima ni ihame ngenderwaho mu gufata ibyemezo no mubikorwa byacu.

Ubugome bw’inyamaswa bukomeje kuba ikibazo cy’ingutu, bugaragaza uruhare rw’ikiremwamuntu ku mibereho y’inyamaswa ndetse no gukenera byihutirwa amategeko n’imyitwarire. Kuva ibikorwa byihohoterwa byitaruye kugeza kutita kuri gahunda munganda, izi manza zirasaba societe guhangana nuburyo inyamaswa zifatwa nkibinyabuzima bifite imyumvire. Uko amategeko agenda atera imbere kandi ubukangurambaga bukagenda bwiyongera, gukemura ubugome bw’inyamaswa bisaba inzira zinyuranye - gushimangira amategeko, kubahiriza amategeko, guteza imbere uburezi, no guharanira ibihano bikaze. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma ingorane zijyanye n’imanza z’ubugome bw’inyamaswa mu gihe hagaragajwe intambwe rusange ikenewe mu kubaka umuryango w’impuhwe ushyira imbere ubutabera no kubaha ibiremwa byose bifite ubuzima;

Inkwavu zikunze kugaragazwa nkikimenyetso cyinzirakarengane nubupfura, gushushanya amakarita yo kubasuhuza hamwe nibitabo byabana. Nyamara, inyuma yuru ruhande rwiza hari ukuri gukabije kuri miliyoni zinkwavu zahinzwe kwisi yose. Izi nyamaswa zibabazwa cyane mwizina ryinyungu, ibibazo byabo akenshi birengagizwa hagati yinsanganyamatsiko yagutse ku mibereho yinyamaswa. Iyi nyandiko igamije kumurika ububabare bwibagiwe ninkwavu zahinzwe, gusuzuma imiterere bihanganira ningaruka zimyitwarire yabyo. Ubuzima Kamere bw'Inkwavu Inkwavu, nk'inyamaswa zihiga, zahinduye imyitwarire yihariye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere kugira ngo ibeho aho ituye. Nibimera cyane cyane ibyatsi, birisha ibimera bitandukanye, kandi birakora cyane mugitondo na nimugoroba kugirango birinde inyamaswa zangiza. Iyo hejuru yubutaka, inkwavu zigaragaza imyitwarire yo kuba maso, nko kwicara ku maguru yinyuma kugirango isuzume akaga no kwishingikiriza ku myumvire yabo ikaze y’impumuro na peripheri…

Ibikomoka ku bimera byerekana impinduka nini yo kubaho hamwe no kwishyira mu mwanya, kuramba, no kumenya imyitwarire. Mu gushyira imbere amahitamo ashingiye ku bimera, abantu barashobora kugabanya cyane kwangiza inyamaswa, kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, no kuzamura imibereho yabo. Iyi mibereho irenze indyo - niyemeza kurema isi yuzuye impuhwe binyuze mubyemezo bifatika mubiribwa, imyambaro, nibicuruzwa bya buri munsi. Uko urujya n'uruza rugenda rwiyongera ku isi, rugaragaza imbaraga zo guhuza ibikorwa byacu n'indangagaciro zubaha ibinyabuzima byose mu gihe gikemura ibibazo by’ingutu nk’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’imibereho y’inyamaswa

Amafi ni ibiremwa byiyumvamo ubushobozi bwo kumva ububabare, ukuri kurushijeho kwemezwa nibimenyetso bya siyansi bikuraho imyizerere ishaje. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, inganda z’amafi n’ibikomoka ku nyanja akenshi birengagiza akababaro kabo. Kuva mu bworozi bw'amafi magufi kugeza ku buryo bwo kubaga bunyamaswa, amafi atabarika yihanganira akababaro gakomeye kandi akangiza ubuzima bwabo bwose. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri inyuma y’ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja - gusuzuma ubumenyi bw’imyumvire y’ububabare bw’amafi, imbogamizi zishingiye ku myitwarire y’ubuhinzi bwimbitse, n’ingaruka ku bidukikije bifitanye isano n’inganda. Irahamagarira abasomyi kongera gutekereza kubyo bahisemo no kunganira inzira zubumuntu kandi zirambye mubuzima bwamazi

Inyama zihenze nibikomoka ku mata birasa nkaho byumvikanyweho, ariko igiciro cyabyo kirenze kure igiciro. Inyuma yubushobozi buhebuje hari casake yingaruka zihishe kubuzima, ibidukikije, n'imibereho yinyamaswa. Kuva amashyamba hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugeza kurwanya antibiyotike hamwe n’ubuhinzi butemewe, inganda zikunze gushyira imbere inyungu kuruta kuramba. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingaruka zitagaragara z’inyama zihenze n’umusaruro w’amata, zitanga ubushishozi bwukuntu guhitamo neza bishobora guha inzira umubumbe mwiza, gufata neza inyamaswa, no kuzamura imibereho myiza kuri bose

Amamiriyoni y'ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja byafatiwe mu mibabaro mu nganda zigenda ziyongera mu bworozi bw'amafi, aho usanga abantu benshi kandi bakirengagiza guhungabanya imibereho yabo. Mugihe icyifuzo cyibikomoka ku nyanja kigenda cyiyongera, ibiciro byihishe - ibibazo by’imyitwarire, kwangiza ibidukikije, n’ingaruka z’imibereho - bigenda bigaragara. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri gukomeye guhura n’ubuzima bwo mu nyanja bwahinzwe, kuva ku bibazo by’ubuzima bw’umubiri kugeza ku ihungabana ry’imitekerereze, mu gihe bisaba ko habaho impinduka zifatika kugira ngo habeho ejo hazaza h’ubumuntu kandi burambye ku bworozi bw'amafi.

Mubikorwa byigicucu cyubuhinzi bwinganda, ubwikorezi bwingurube kubaga bugaragaza igice kibabaje mugukora inyama. Bakorewe ibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi, kwifungisha, no kwamburwa ubudasiba, izo nyamaswa zumva zifite imibabaro idashoboka kuri buri cyiciro cyurugendo rwabo. Ibibazo byabo bishimangira ikiguzi cyimyitwarire yo gushyira imbere inyungu kuruta impuhwe muri sisitemu ihindura ubuzima. “Iterabwoba ryo Gutwara Ingurube: Urugendo rutoroshye rwo kwica” rugaragaza ubu bugome bwihishe kandi rusaba ko byihutirwa gutekereza ku buryo dushobora kubaka gahunda y'ibiribwa iha agaciro impuhwe, ubutabera, no kubaha ibinyabuzima byose

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, urufatiro rw’inyama z’inganda n’umusaruro w’amata, uragenda unengwa kubera ingaruka mbi zagize ku mibereho y’inyamaswa ndetse n’ubuzima rusange. Usibye ibibazo by'imyitwarire yerekeye gufata nabi inyamaswa, ibyo bikorwa ni ahantu h’indwara zonotike, kurwanya antibiyotike, n'indwara ziterwa n'ibiribwa - bikaba byangiza ubuzima bw'abantu. Imiterere yuzuye, isuku nke, hamwe no gukoresha antibiyotike ikabije ntabwo byangiza inyamaswa gusa ahubwo binatera inzira inzira ziterwa na virusi nka Salmonella na E. coli kugirango zanduze ibyo kurya byacu. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma isano iri hagati yubugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda n’ingaruka zayo ku buzima rusange bw’abaturage mu gihe hagaragazwa igisubizo gishobora guteza imbere uburyo bwizewe, bwuzuye impuhwe ku musaruro w’ibiribwa

Ubugome bwinyamaswa kumirima nikibazo gikunze kwirengagizwa ningaruka zo mumitekerereze igera kure. Kurenga kwangirika kugaragara kumubiri, inyamaswa zo muririma zihanganira ububabare bukabije bwamarangamutima kubera kutitaweho, guhohoterwa, no kwifungisha. Ibi biremwa bifite imyumvire ihura nibibazo bidakira, ubwoba, guhangayika, no kwiheba - ibintu bihungabanya imyitwarire yabo nubusabane. Gufatwa nabi ntabwo bigabanya imibereho yabo gusa ahubwo binatera impungenge zikomeye zijyanye nubuhinzi bukomeye. Mugukemura ibibazo byubugome bwibikoko ku matungo y’ubuhinzi, turashobora guharanira amahame yimibereho yimpuhwe ateza imbere ubuvuzi bwabantu ndetse nuburyo burambye mubuhinzi