Ingaruka mu bukungu - Humane Foundation

Inganda zishingiye ku nyamaswa zabaye inkingi y’ubukungu bw’igihugu kinini, zishyiraho amasezerano y’ubucuruzi, amasoko y’umurimo, na politiki y’iterambere ry’icyaro. Nyamara, ingaruka nyazo zubukungu bwizi sisitemu zirenze kure impapuro zerekana imibare. Iki cyiciro gisuzuma uburyo inganda zubakiye ku nyamaswa zitera kuzenguruka, guhisha ibiciro byigihe kirekire, kandi akenshi bikabuza guhanga udushya muburyo burambye kandi bwimyitwarire. Inyungu yubugome ntabwo ari impanuka-ni ibisubizo byinkunga, kugabanywa, ninyungu zashinze imizi.
Imiryango myinshi, cyane cyane mu cyaro no mu turere twinjiza amafaranga make, bashingira ku bukungu mu bikorwa nk'ubworozi bw'amatungo, umusaruro w'ubwoya, cyangwa ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyamaswa. Nubwo ubwo buryo bushobora gutanga amafaranga yigihe gito, akenshi bagaragariza abakozi mubihe bibi, gushimangira ubusumbane bwisi, no guhagarika imibereho iringaniye kandi irambye. Byongeye kandi, izo nganda zitanga amafaranga menshi yihishe: kwangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kwanduza amazi, indwara zonotike, hamwe n’amafaranga y’ubuvuzi ajyanye n’indwara ziterwa n’imirire.
Kwimukira mu bukungu bushingiye ku bimera n’inganda zidafite ubugome bitanga amahirwe akomeye mu bukungu - ntabwo ari iterabwoba. Iremera imirimo mishya mubuhinzi, tekinoroji y'ibiribwa, gusana ibidukikije, n'ubuzima rusange. Iki gice cyerekana ibikenewe byihutirwa nubushobozi nyabwo bwa sisitemu yubukungu itagishingiye ku ikoreshwa ry’inyamaswa, ahubwo ihuza inyungu n’impuhwe, irambye, n’ubutabera.

Mu gihe abatuye isi bakomeje kwiyongera no gukenera ibiribwa byiyongera, inganda z’ubuhinzi zirahura n’igitutu cyinshi kugira ngo ibyo bikenerwa ari nako bigabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije. Kimwe mu bihangayikishije ni umusaruro w’inyama, wagize uruhare runini mu myuka ihumanya ikirere, gutema amashyamba, no kwanduza amazi. Nyamara, igisubizo cyizewe gikurura abantu mubuhinzi nubuhinzi bushya. Ubu buryo bwo guhinga, bushingiye ku mahame yo kuramba no kuringaniza ibidukikije, byibanda ku kubaka ubutaka bwiza no kugarura urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Mugushira imbere ubuzima bwubutaka, ubuhinzi bushya bufite ubushobozi bwo kutazamura ubwiza bwibiribwa byakozwe gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka mbi z’ibidukikije ku musaruro w’inyama. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma icyerekezo cy’ubuhinzi bushya n’ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije biterwa n’umusaruro w’inyama. Tuzacengera siyanse inyuma yubuhanga bwo guhinga, inyungu zayo,…

Kurya ibikomoka ku bimera kuri bije biroroshye kuruta uko wabitekereza! Kwirukana umugani uvuga ko kurya bishingiye ku bimera bihenze, iki gitabo gitanga inama zifatika zagufasha kwishimira amafunguro meza, yuzuye uburyohe utiriwe uhungabanya imari yawe. Hamwe ningamba nko guhaha ubwenge, guhitamo umusaruro wigihe, kugura kubwinshi, no gukora ibiryo byawe bwite, uzabona uburyo bwinshi bwo kuzigama mugihe wakira ubuzima bwintungamubiri. Waba uri inyamanswa ndende igamije kugabanya ibiciro cyangwa gutangirana no kurya bishingiye ku bimera, menya uburyo bihendutse kandi bishimishije. Hindura ibintu bya buri munsi mubiryo byoroheje bikungahaye kumubiri wawe na bije yawe!

Ibiribwa bikomoka ku bimera birimo guhindura imiterere y’imirire n’imyitwarire ku isi, bitanga icyerekezo gishya cyuko turya kandi dutanga ibiryo. Hamwe nibihingwa bishingiye ku bimera bitera imbere muri resitora no mu maduka manini, abaguzi barimo kwitabira ubundi buryo nk'inyama zikomoka ku bimera, foromaje zitagira amata, hamwe n'imbuto zisimbuza amagi zihuza udushya no kuramba. Ihinduka ntabwo rireba uburyohe gusa - riterwa no kongera ubumenyi bwubuzima bwibiryo bishingiye ku bimera, harimo kugabanya ingaruka z’indwara zidakira, hamwe n’inyungu zikomeye z’ibidukikije nko munsi y’ibirenge bya karuboni no kubungabunga umutungo. Mugihe ibyamamare biharanira impamvu n'ibirango bihindura imipaka nibicuruzwa bigezweho, ibikomoka ku bimera bigenda bihinduka muburyo rusange bwo kubaho bushyira imbere ubuzima, impuhwe, no kuramba kugirango ejo hazaza heza.

Mu myaka yashize, imibereho y’ibikomoka ku bimera imaze gukundwa cyane, atari inyungu z’imyitwarire n’ibidukikije gusa ahubwo inagira ingaruka ku buzima. Ariko, ikibazo gikunze kuvuka mubatekereza guhindura indyo ishingiye ku bimera ni, "Ese kuba ibikomoka ku bimera bihenze?" Igisubizo kigufi nuko bitagomba kuba. Mugusobanukirwa ikiguzi kijyanye no kurya ibikomoka ku bimera no gukoresha ingamba zo guhaha zubwenge, urashobora gukomeza ingengo yimari kandi ifite intungamubiri. Hano haravunika ibyo ugomba gutegereza ninama zo kugumya ibiciro gucungwa. Ikigereranyo cyo Kugereranya Ibikomoka ku bimera Ibiribwa byinshi bigize urufatiro rwimirire myiza y’ibikomoka ku bimera bisa n’ibintu bihendutse bishimangira indyo y’Abanyamerika. Muri byo harimo ibintu nka makaroni, umuceri, ibishyimbo, n'umugati - ibiryo bikoresha ingengo yimari kandi bitandukanye. Iyo uhindutse mubuzima bwibikomoka ku bimera, ni ngombwa gusuzuma uburyo ibi bikoresho bigereranywa nigiciro na…

Guhitamo ibikomoka ku bimera birenze guhindura imirire; ni umusemburo w'ingaruka zifatika ku isi. Kuva mu kubungabunga imibereho y’inyamaswa kugeza kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza, iyi mibereho ihinduka ifite imbaraga zo guhindura impinduka mu mpande nyinshi. Mu kugabanya ibikenerwa ku bikomoka ku nyamaswa, abantu batanga umusanzu ku nyamaswa nke zangirika, imyuka ihumanya ikirere, no gukoresha neza umutungo nk’amazi n’ubutaka. Mugihe ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera bigenda byiyongera ku isi hose, biravugurura amasoko kandi bigatera imbaraga hamwe bigana ahazaza heza, byerekana ko guhitamo k'umuntu umwe bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye.

Guhitamo ubuzima bwibikomoka ku bimera ntabwo ari uguhitamo impuhwe kandi zirambye-ni icyemezo cyamafaranga cyubwenge. Mu kwibanda ku bimera bihendutse bishingiye ku bimera nk'ibinyampeke, ibinyamisogwe, imbuto, n'imboga, urashobora kugabanya cyane fagitire y'ibiribwa utabangamiye imirire cyangwa uburyohe. Ibikomoka ku bimera ku nyama n’amata akenshi usanga bikoresha ingengo yimari nayo, itanga amahitamo meza ahuza indangagaciro ndetse nintego zo kuzigama. Byongeye kandi, inyungu zigihe kirekire zubuzima bwimirire ishingiye ku bimera-nk’ingaruka nke z’indwara zidakira-zishobora gutuma amafaranga yo kwivuza agabanuka igihe. Waba ufite intego yo kuzigama amafaranga cyangwa gushora mubuzima bwawe bwiza, gufata ubuzima bwibikomoka ku bimera nuburyo bwiza bwo kugera kumibereho myiza mugihe utera umubumbe mwiza

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, bakunze kwita ubworozi bw'amatungo, ni imbaraga ziganje mu buhinzi bwa kijyambere, bugamije guhaza isi yose inyama, amata, n'amagi. Ariko, inyuma yo gukurikirana imikorere hari umutwaro ukomeye wubukungu ujyanye nibikorwa bitemewe. Kuva kwangirika kwinshi n’amafaranga yemewe n’amategeko kugeza kuzamuka kw’ibiciro no kubahiriza ibidukikije, ikibazo cy’amafaranga y’ubugome bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda ntikirenze kure inganda ubwacyo - bigira ingaruka ku baguzi, ku baturage, no ku buzima rusange. Mu gihe kumenya ibiciro byihishe bigenda byiyongera hamwe no guhamagarira ivugurura ry’imyitwarire, iyi ngingo irasuzuma uburyo gushyira imbere ibikorwa by’ikiremwamuntu bishobora gutanga inzira yo guhangana n’ubukungu ndetse n’iterambere rirambye.

Inganda z’inyamanswa, zikunze guhishwa mu ibanga, zifatanije cyane n’urwego rw’amata, zigaragaza inzitizi yihishe y’ubugome abaguzi benshi bashyigikira batabizi. Kuva gutandukana ku gahato inyana na ba nyina kugeza mubihe bidasanzwe byubumuntu aya matungo akiri muto yihanganira, umusaruro winyamanswa ugaragaza uruhande rwijimye rwubuhinzi bwinganda. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza isano itajegajega hagati y’amata n’inyamanswa, itanga urumuri ku bikorwa nko kwifungisha bikabije, indyo idasanzwe, n’ihungabana ry’amarangamutima ryatewe ku nyana na ba nyina. Mugusobanukirwa ibi bintu no gushakisha ubundi buryo bwimyitwarire, dushobora guhangana niyi gahunda yo gukoresha no guharanira ejo hazaza h'impuhwe

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, gukundwa kw’imirire y’ibikomoka ku bimera byagiye byiyongera uko abantu benshi bagenda bamenya ingaruka zo guhitamo ibiryo ku bidukikije n’imibereho y’inyamaswa. Nyamara, imwe mu myumvire itari yo ku bijyanye n’ibikomoka ku bimera ni uko ihenze kandi ishobora kwemerwa gusa n’abafite amafaranga menshi y’imisoro. Iyi myizerere ikunze kubuza abantu gushakisha ubuzima bushingiye ku bimera, nubwo bifite akamaro kanini mubuzima. Ukuri nukuri, hamwe nogutegura gato no guhanga, ibikomoka ku bimera birashobora kuba byiza kubantu bose. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasibanganya umugani uvuga ko ibikomoka ku bimera ari ibintu byiza kandi tunatanga inama n’ingamba zifatika zo kurya ibimera bishingiye ku ngengo yimari. Waba ushaka guhindura ibiryo bikomoka ku bimera, cyangwa ushaka kwinjiza ibiryo byinshi bishingiye ku bimera muri gahunda yawe ya buri cyumweru, iyi ngingo izaguha ubumenyi nubushobozi bwo kubikora utavunitse…