Uburobyi, bwidagadura nubucuruzi, bwabaye igice cyibanze cyumuco wabantu no kubatunga mu binyejana byinshi. Ariko rero, hagati y’ibiyaga bituje hamwe n’ibikorwa byinshi by’ibyambu biri ku kintu kitagaragara - ibibazo by’imibereho bijyanye n’uburobyi. Nubwo akenshi bitwikiriwe no kuganira ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije, imibereho y’amafi n’andi matungo yo mu nyanja ikwiye kwitabwaho. Iyi nyandiko irasobanura ibibazo byimibereho ituruka mubikorwa byuburobyi nubucuruzi.
Uburobyi bwo kwidagadura
Uburobyi bwo kwidagadura, bukurikiranwa mu myidagaduro na siporo, ni igikorwa gikunzwe n'abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi. Nyamara, imyumvire yo kuroba kwidagadura nkimyidagaduro itagira ingaruka irahakana ingaruka zamafi arimo. Gufata no kurekura, bikunze kugaragara mu myidagaduro, bishobora gusa nkaho ari byiza, ariko birashobora gutera amafi, ibikomere, ndetse n’urupfu ku mafi. Gukoresha inkoni zogosha hamwe nigihe kirekire cyintambara byongera ibibazo byimibereho, bishobora gutera ibikomere byimbere kandi bikabangamira ubushobozi bwamafi yo kugaburira no guhunga inyamaswa zangiza nyuma yo kurekurwa.
Impamvu Gufata-no Kurekura Uburobyi Nibibi
Kuroba no kurekura uburobyi, bikunze kuvugwa nkigipimo cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije cyangwa igikorwa cyo kwidagadura giteza imbere inguni “irambye”, mu byukuri ni umuco wuzuyemo ibibazo bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’imibereho. Nubwo ari inyungu zayo, uburobyi bwo gufata no kurekura burashobora kwangiza cyane amafi, haba mumubiri ndetse no mubitekerezo.
Kimwe mubibazo byibanze bijyanye no kuroba no kurekura ni ihungabana rikomeye ryumubiri ryatewe n amafi mugihe cyo gufata no gufata. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko amafi akoreshwa mu gufata no kurekurwa arwara imisemburo myinshi ya hormone yo guhangayika, umuvuduko w’umutima, hamwe n’ubuhumekero. Iki gisubizo gishobora guhangayikishwa cyane kuburyo biganisha ku rupfu rw amafi, na nyuma yo gusubizwa mumazi. Mugihe amafi amwe ashobora kugaragara koga asa nkaho atagize ingaruka, ibikomere byimbere hamwe nihungabana ryimiterere biterwa na stress birashobora guhitana abantu.
Byongeye kandi, uburyo bukoreshwa mu kuroba no kurekura burashobora kwangiza amafi. Amafi akunze kumira ibyuma cyane, bikagora abangavu kubikuraho bitarinze gukomeretsa. Kugerageza kugarura udukonyo tuyikuramo ku gahato ukoresheje intoki cyangwa pliers birashobora kuvamo gutanyagura umuhogo w’amafi n’ingingo z’imbere, bigatuma habaho kwangirika ku buryo budasubirwaho ndetse n’impfu ziyongera. Nubwo ifuni yakuweho neza, uburyo bwo kuyifata burashobora guhungabanya igifuniko kirinda umubiri w’amafi, bigatuma bashobora kwandura indwara ndetse n’inyamaswa zimaze kurekurwa mu mazi.
Byongeye kandi, igikorwa cyo kuroba no kurekura kirashobora guhungabanya imyitwarire karemano n’imyororokere y’abaturage benshi. Igihe kinini cyo kurwana hamwe no gufata inshuro nyinshi birashobora kunaniza amafi, bigakoresha imbaraga zagaciro mubikorwa byingenzi nko kurisha no guhuza. Uku guhungabanya imyitwarire karemano birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubinyabuzima byo mu mazi, birashobora gutuma habaho ubusumbane mubikorwa by’inyamanswa n’inyubako z’abaturage.
Mubyukuri, kuroba no kurekura kuroba bikomeza uruzinduko rwibihuha rwihishwa nka siporo cyangwa kubungabunga. Nubwo ikigamijwe gishobora kuba ukugabanya ingaruka ku baturage b’amafi, ikigaragara ni uko ibikorwa byo gufata no kurekura akenshi bivamo imibabaro n’impfu bidakenewe. Mugihe imyumvire yacu yimibereho y amafi ikomeje kwiyongera, ni ngombwa ko twongera gusuzuma uburyo bwacu bwo kuroba kwidagadura kandi tugashyira imbere imyitwarire nubumuntu byubahiriza agaciro k’ubuzima bw’amazi.
Uburobyi
Bitandukanye n'uburobyi bwidagadura, uburobyi bwubucuruzi butwarwa ninyungu nibitunga, akenshi murwego runini. Nubwo ari ngombwa mu kwihaza mu biribwa ku isi no mu mibereho y’ubukungu, ibikorwa by’uburobyi by’ubucuruzi bitera impungenge zikomeye z’imibereho. Imwe mu mpungenge nk'izo ni ugufata, gufata utabishaka gufata amoko adafite intego nka dolphine, inyenzi zo mu nyanja, n'inyoni zo mu nyanja. Igipimo cya Bycatch kirashobora kuba kinini cyane, bikaviramo gukomeretsa, guhumeka, no gupfa kumiriyoni yinyamaswa buri mwaka.
Uburyo bukoreshwa muburobyi bwubucuruzi, nko gukurura no kurambura, birashobora guteza imibabaro myinshi amafi nubuzima bwinyanja. Kugenda, byumwihariko, bikurura inshundura nini hejuru yinyanja, gufata ibintu byose muburyo bwabo. Iyi myitozo ntabwo isenya gusa ahantu nyaburanga nko mu nyanja ya korali no ku buriri bwo mu nyanja, ahubwo inashimangira inyamaswa zafashe inyamaswa zo guhangayika no gukomeretsa igihe kirekire.
Amafi Yumva Yababara Iyo Bafashwe?
Amafi agira ububabare nububabare bitewe no kuba hari imitsi, ikintu gisanzwe mubikoko byose. Iyo amafi afashwe, yerekana imyitwarire yerekana ubwoba no kutamererwa neza kumubiri mugihe baharanira guhunga no guhumeka. Iyo zimaze gukurwa aho ziba mu mazi, amafi ahumeka kuko yabuze ogisijeni ya ngombwa, biganisha ku ngaruka zibabaje nka gilles yaguye. Mu burobyi bwubucuruzi, ihinduka ritunguranye riva mumazi maremare rijya hejuru rishobora guteza izindi ngaruka, bikaba byaviramo guturika uruhago rwo koga rwamafi kubera ihinduka ryihuse ryumuvuduko.
Ibikoresho byo kuroba bibabaza inyamanswa
Ibikoresho byo kuroba, hatitawe ku buryo bwakoreshejwe, bibangamira amafi n’ibindi binyabuzima. Buri mwaka, ingona yangiza miriyoni zinyoni, inyenzi, inyamaswa z’inyamabere, n’ibindi biremwa, haba mu gufata amafi cyangwa kwishora mu murongo w'uburobyi. Ingaruka z’uburobyi bwajugunywe zisize inzira y’imvune zica intege, inyamaswa zikababara cyane. Abashinzwe gusubiza mu buzima bw’ibinyabuzima bashimangira ko ibikoresho by’uburobyi byatereranywe bigize kimwe mu byago byugarije inyamaswa zo mu mazi n’aho ziba.
