Mugihe inyinshi mu nyamaswa ziciwe ubwoya bwazo zituruka mu mirima izwi cyane yubuhinzi bwubwoya, abatega hirya no hino ku isi bica amamiriyoni y’amoko, coyote, impyisi, bobcats, opossum, nutria, inzuki, otter, n’andi matungo yera ubwoya buri mwaka mu nganda z’imyenda. Izi nyamaswa zikunze gukorerwa imibabaro ikabije, zifatwa mumitego ishobora kumugara, gutemagura, amaherezo ikabica. Inzira ntabwo ari ubugome gusa ahubwo ahanini ihishe abantu bose. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura ibiciro byihishe mu nganda zubwoya, dusuzume umubare utwara ubuzima bwinyamaswa ningaruka zimyitwarire yo gukoresha inyamaswa kumyambarire.
Uburyo inyamaswa zafashwe zipfa
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwimitego ikoreshwa muruganda rwubwoya, harimo imitego, imitego yo mumazi, hamwe numutego wa Conibear, ariko umutego wibyuma-urwasaya niwo ukoreshwa cyane. Nubwo ubugome bukabije bwabigizemo uruhare, ibihugu birenga 100 bimaze guhagarika umutego w’ibyuma kubera imiterere y’ubumuntu.
Iyo inyamaswa ikandagiye ku isoko yumutego wibyuma, urwasaya rukomeye rwumutego rwarafunze urugingo rwinyamaswa, akenshi rufite imbaraga ziteye ubwoba. Inyamaswa irafatwa, kandi urugamba rwayo rwo guhunga rwongera ububabare gusa. Nkuko umutego wicyuma utyaye waciwe mu nyama, akenshi ukamanuka kumagufa, bitera ububabare bukabije no gutemwa. Ikirenge cyangwa ukuguru kwinyamaswa zafashwe akenshi zirajanjagurwa, gucibwa, cyangwa kumugaye, biganisha ku mibabaro idashoboka. Inyamaswa nyinshi zipfa buhoro buhoro zatewe no gutakaza amaraso, kwandura, cyangwa gangrene, ariko iyo zidahuye nizo nkomere, akenshi zihitanwa n’urupfu n’inyamaswa zangiza. Inzira ibabaza yo guharanira guhunga, ifatanije nintege nke zatewe numutego, bituma izo nyamaswa zitagira kirengera kandi zigaragara.
Kugirango wirinde inyamaswa guhigwa mbere yurupfu rwazo, hakoreshwa imitego ya pole. Umutego wa pole ni ubwoko bwumutego ukoresha inkoni ndende cyangwa inkingi kugira ngo inyamaswa ihagarare, ikabuza guhunga cyangwa kwibasirwa n’abandi bahiga. Ubu buryo bwongerera ububabare bwinyamaswa kandi bukanemeza ko buguma mu mutego kugeza umutego ageze kurangiza akazi.
Imitego ya Conibear, ikindi gikoresho gikunze gukoreshwa, yagenewe kwica inyamaswa vuba ariko ziracyari ubugome budasanzwe. Iyi mitego imenagura ijosi ryinyamaswa, igashyiraho ibiro 90 byumuvuduko kuri santimetero kare. Mugihe ibi bisa nkibyihuta, biracyatwara inyamaswa hagati yiminota itatu kugeza umunani guhumeka burundu. Muri iki gihe, inyamaswa igira ubwoba bukabije nubwoba kuko ihumeka buhoro buhoro, irwanira guhumeka mugihe ifashwe nigikoresho kidatanga guhunga.
Ukuri guteye ubwoba kuri ziriya nyamaswa nuko urupfu akenshi rutinda kandi rukababaza. Haba binyuze mu gutakaza amaraso, kumenagura, cyangwa guhumeka, uburyo inyamaswa ipfa mumutego ntakindi uretse ubumuntu. Buri buryo ntabwo butera ingaruka mbi kumubiri gusa ahubwo binagira ihungabana ryimitekerereze, nkuko inyamaswa zafashwe zirwanira iterabwoba, zizi ko guhunga bidashoboka. Ubu bugome ninkurikizi zitaziguye zinganda zihesha inyungu kuruta impuhwe, ukoresheje ibikoresho byubugizi bwa nabi kugirango ubone umutekano wisi yimyambarire.
Imitego nabahohotewe nimpanuka
Buri mwaka, inyamaswa zitabarika zitagira intego, zirimo imbwa, injangwe, inyoni, ndetse n’ibinyabuzima bigenda byangirika, zigwa mu mutego wagenewe inyamaswa zifite ubwoya. Aba bahohotewe batabishaka bakunze kuvugwa naba mutego "imyanda yica" - ijambo ryubugome ryerekana ko izo nyamaswa zidafite agaciro mubukungu kumutego. Ku nganda zubwoya, ubwo buzima burashobora gutabwa, kandi imibabaro yabo ntikigaragara nabantu.
Amahano nuko inyinshi murizo nyamaswa zihanganira ububabare bukabije mbere yuko zimugaye cyangwa zicwa. Inyamaswa zafashwe ntizishobora gusa gukomeretsa bikabije, ariko zirashobora no kurwara inzara, umwuma, cyangwa inyamaswa zifatwa. Byongeye kandi, amwe muri ayo matungo ashobora no kuba mu nzira yo kwimuka cyangwa kuzerera gusa aho atuye iyo ahuye n'imitego. Kwinjira kwabo akenshi ntibibabaza gusa ariko birashobora kwirindwa rwose niba hashyizweho amategeko aboneye yo kurinda amoko adafite intego.
Amabwiriza ya leta yerekeranye ninshuro imitego igomba kugenzurwa iratandukanye cyane, hamwe nibice bimwe byemerera umutego kugeza icyumweru cyose mbere yo kugenzura imitego yabo. Mu zindi ntara, nka Carolina yepfo, imitego yicyuma-jaw irashobora gukoreshwa nta ruhushya, gusa icyangombwa ni uko igomba kugenzurwa byibuze rimwe kumunsi. Aya mabwiriza yoroheje ntabwo ahagije kugirango akumire imibabaro idakenewe, kubera ko inyamaswa zafatiwe muri iyo mitego zishobora kumara iminsi zihanganira ibikomere bikabije cyangwa zikanapfa muburyo budasanzwe mbere yuko umutego agera.
Igitekerezo cy '"imyanda yica" cyerekana kutita ku mibereho y’inyamaswa zidafatwa nk’inyungu mu bucuruzi bw’ubwoya. Yaba amatungo yo mu rugo cyangwa ubwoko bwangirika, izo nyamaswa akenshi zisigara zibabazwa gusa kubera ko zitagira uruhare mu nyungu z’amafaranga y’inganda zubwoya. Uku guhamagarwa kwibutsa ububi bwa sisitemu burangwa mubikorwa byo gufata imitego n'ingaruka mbi bigira ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi ndetse n’izitagamije.
Abatuye Inyamaswa Kwigenga
Ibinyuranye n'ibirego biyobya byashyizwe ahagaragara n'inganda z'ubwoya, nta mpamvu ifatika yangiza ibidukikije yo gutega inyamaswa “gucunga inyamaswa.” Mubyukuri, kamere ifite uburyo bwayo bwo kuringaniza inyamaswa. Ubwoko bwinshi busanzwe bwigenga ubwabwo bugashingira kumibare yabyo nko kuboneka kubiribwa, ahantu hatuwe, indwara, ninyamaswa zangiza. Gufata no kwica inyamaswa nkuburyo bwo kugenzura abaturage bazo ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa ahubwo binabangamira uburinganire bworoshye bwibinyabuzima.
Muri urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, igipimo cyo kubaho no kororoka kw'ibinyabuzima gikunze guterwa n'ibidukikije. Iyo abaturage biyongereye cyane, umutungo uba muke, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwa kamere kubera guhatanira ibiryo n'umwanya. Byongeye kandi, inyamanswa zifasha kugenzura abaturage kugenzura, kureba ko nta bwoko na bumwe bwiganje ku bidukikije. Kwivanga kwabantu binyuze mumutego, ariko, birengagiza izi nzira karemano kandi akenshi bitera ingaruka mbi kuruta ibyiza.
Inganda zubwoya bufite ishingiro zo gufata "imicungire y’ibinyabuzima" ni ibihimbano bigamije gukomeza icyifuzo cy’inyamanswa. Ntibishobora kumenya ibintu bigoye bya kamere hamwe nubushobozi bwinyamaswa guhuza n’ibidukikije bidakenewe ko abantu babigiramo uruhare. Aho guteza imbere inyamanswa zirambye z’inyamanswa, umutego ugira uruhare mu kwangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kubabazwa n’inyamaswa, no guhungabanya ibidukikije.
Icyo ushobora gukora
Mugihe inganda zubwoya zikomeje gukoresha inyamaswa kugirango zunguke, hari ibikorwa byinshi ushobora gukora kugirango bigufashe guhagarika iki gikorwa cyubugome no kurengera inyamaswa.
- Iyigishe ubwawe nabandi
Ubumenyi nimbaraga. Gusobanukirwa nukuri kubintu byubucuruzi bwubwoya nuburyo umutego wangiza inyamaswa bishobora kugufasha guhitamo neza no kuzamura imyumvire mubandi. Sangira ingingo, documentaire, nibindi bikoresho kugirango ukwirakwize ukuri kubyerekeye ubugome bugira uruhare mu gutega no kubyara ubwoya.- Irinde kugura ubwoya
bumwe muburyo butaziguye bwo kurwanya inganda zubwoya ni ukwirinda kugura ibicuruzwa byose bikozwe nubwoya. Shakisha ubundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome, nk'ubwoya bwa fur cyangwa ibikoresho bya sintetike, butanga ubwiza bwiza butarinze kwangiza inyamaswa. Ibirango byinshi nabashushanya ubu batanga amahitamo yubusa, kandi gushyigikira ubucuruzi birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.- Shyigikira amategeko arwanya umutego
Kunganira amategeko n’amategeko akomeye yo kurinda inyamaswa gufatwa no kwicwa kubera ubwoya. Shigikira amashyirahamwe nubukangurambaga burimo kubuza ikoreshwa ryumutego wibyuma nubundi buryo bwa kimuntu bwo gufata imitego. Shyira mu bikorwa amategeko ashyira imbere imibereho myiza y’ibinyabuzima kandi bigatuma ubundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome bwaguka.- Shyigikira Amashyirahamwe arengera inyamaswa
Tanga cyangwa witange nimiryango iharanira kurangiza imitego nubuhinzi bwubwoya. Aya matsinda akora ubudacogora mu gukangurira abantu, gukora iperereza, no gushyigikira amategeko arengera inyamaswa ibikorwa bibi. Igihe cyawe, ibikoresho, ninkunga yawe birashobora kubafasha kurushaho imbaraga zabo.- Kora Ijwi Ryawe
Wandike abadepite baho, witabire imyigaragambyo, cyangwa ushire umukono ku cyifuzo gisaba guhagarika ubuhinzi bw’ubwoya no gufata imitego. Abantu benshi bavuga, ubutumwa burakomera. Guverinoma nyinshi zumva amajwi y’abaturage, kandi igitutu cy’abaturage gishobora gutuma habaho impinduka zikomeye muri politiki.- Hitamo Imyitwarire Yimyitwarire
Mugihe uguze imyenda cyangwa ibikoresho, hitamo ibintu byemejwe nubugome-buntu. Ibirango byinshi ubu biranga ibicuruzwa byabo kugirango berekane ko bidafite ubwoya n’ibikoresho bishingiye ku nyamaswa. Muguhitamo imyambarire yimyitwarire, ntabwo ushyigikiye ibikorwa byubumuntu gusa ahubwo ushishikariza inganda zerekana imideli gukoresha uburyo burambye, butarangwamo ubugome.- Ba Umuguzi Ujijutse
Kurenza ubwoya gusa, uzirikane aho ibicuruzwa byawe biva nuburyo bikozwe ni ngombwa. Reba kumurongo wo gutanga ibicuruzwa ushigikira, kandi wirinde kwishora mubikorwa byangiza inyamaswa, ibidukikije, cyangwa abaturage. Abaguzi b'imyitwarire ni igikoresho gikomeye mu gushishikariza ibigo gukoresha imikorere myiza.Ufashe izi ntambwe, urashobora gufasha kugabanya icyifuzo cyubwoya, ukangurira abantu ubugome bwumutego, kandi ugatanga umusanzu mwisi aho inyamaswa zitagikoreshwa kumyambarire. Igikorwa cyose kirabaze, kandi hamwe, turashobora gushiraho impinduka zifatika kumibereho yibinyabuzima byose.
