Imbwa zihebye: Ubugome bwihishe bwimirima ya Foie Gras

Intangiriro

Foie gras, ifatwa nkibyokurya mubice byinshi byo guteka, ihisha ukuri kwijimye kandi guhishe kubabazwa ninyamaswa. Yakozwe mu mwijima w'imbwa n'ingagi, foie gras nigisubizo cyinyoni zigaburira imbaraga kugirango zongere umwijima wazo inshuro nyinshi ubunini bwazo. Iyi myitozo izwi nka gavage, itera inyoni imibabaro myinshi, itera umubabaro kumubiri no mubitekerezo. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza ubugome bwihishe bwimirima ya foie gras, itanga urumuri kububabare bwatewe nimbwa ningagi mugukurikirana iki kintu cyiza cyane.

Foie Gras ni iki?

“Foie gras” ni ijambo ryashinze imizi mu biryo by'igifaransa, bisobanurwa ngo “umwijima w'amavuta.” Ibiryo biryoshye byakozwe muburyo bwa gavage, burimo kugaburira imbwa cyangwa ingagi zo kugaburira imbaraga zazo inshuro nyinshi ubunini bwazo. Gavage igerwaho no kwinjiza umuyoboro mu muhogo w’inyoni, mu gifu, hanyuma ukuzuza byihuse uruvange runini cyane, ubusanzwe ibigori.

Imikorere ya gavage ifite inkomoko ya kera, hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana ko ikoreshwa kuva mu Misiri ya kera. Nyuma yigihe, yakwirakwiriye mu karere ka Mediterane kandi amaherezo ihinduka kimwe na gastronomiya y’Abafaransa. Bimaze gufatwa nkibiryo bikwiranye nubwami, foie gras yahindutse ikimenyetso cyimyambarire nicyubahiro, itegeka ibiciro biri hejuru mubiteka byisi.

Muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, foie gras irashobora kugurisha hejuru y $ 60 kumupound, bigatuma iba kimwe mubiribwa bihenze kumasoko. Nubwo izwi cyane, foie gras umusaruro ntivugwaho rumwe cyane kubera imyitwarire n'imibereho myiza bijyanye no kugaburira ingufu. Abakenguzamateka bavuga ko inzira ya gavage isanzwe ari ubugome kandi itera imibabaro idakenewe inyoni zirimo.

Impaka zerekeye foie gras zatumye hashyirwaho amategeko mu bihugu byinshi no mu turere twinshi, aho bibujijwe cyangwa bibujijwe kubuza no kugurisha. Mu gihe bamwe bavuga ko foie gras ari umuco gakondo hamwe nubuhanzi bwibiryo bigomba gutunganywa, abandi bakunganira ubundi buryo bwa kimuntu kandi burambye bwuburyo gakondo bwo gukora.

Ubwanyuma, umusaruro no gukoresha foie gras bizamura ibitekerezo byimyitwarire, umuco, no guteka. Mugihe societe ihanganye nibibazo byimibereho yinyamanswa n’umusaruro w’ibiribwa, ejo hazaza ha foie gras haracyari ingingo yimpaka nimpaka zikomeje.

Indwara z'umubiri n'ingaruka z'ubuzima

Uburyo bwo kugaburira imbaraga za gavage mubikorwa bya foie gras bitera uburwayi bukomeye bwumubiri ningaruka zubuzima ku njangwe na gasegereti. Kwiyongera kwumwijima inshuro nyinshi ubunini bwawo butera ibibazo bitandukanye byumubiri nibibazo byubuzima bibangamira cyane imibereho yinyoni.

Imwe mu ngaruka zambere zubuzima bwa gavage ni imikorere mibi yumwijima nindwara zumwijima. Kurya ku gahato ibiryo byinshi birenze umwijima w’inyoni, biganisha ku kwegeranya ibinure no gukura kwa hepatike. Iyi miterere ntabwo itera umwijima gusa no kubyimba ahubwo inabuza ubushobozi bwo gukora neza. Nkigisubizo, inyoni zishobora guhura numwijima, ubusumbane bwimikorere, nibindi bibazo bifitanye isano.

Byongeye kandi, umurego wo gutwara umwijima munini ushyira igitutu kinini kumubiri winyoni no mumiterere ya skelete. Inkongoro na za gasegereti ziterwa na gavage zirashobora kurwara ubumuga bwa skeletale, ibibazo byingingo, hamwe no gukomeretsa ibirenge kubera uburemere bukabije hamwe numunaniro ushyirwa mumibiri yabo. Izi ndwara z'umubiri zirashobora gutera ububabare budashira, ibibazo byimuka, no kugabanya ubuzima bwinyoni.

Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo kugaburira ku gahato bushobora gukurura ibibazo byubuhumekero no kwandura, kuko inyoni zishobora kwifuza ibiryo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Ibi birashobora kuviramo ibibazo byubuhumekero, umusonga, nizindi ndwara ziterwa nubuhumekero. Byongeye kandi, guhangayika no guhangayikishwa na gavage bigabanya intege nke z'umubiri w’inyoni, bigatuma bashobora kwandura indwara n'indwara.

Muri rusange, indwara z'umubiri n'ingaruka z'ubuzima bwa gavage mu musaruro wa foie gras ni ndende kandi zinaniza inkongoro n'ingagi. Kwiyongera ku gahato k'umwijima, hamwe no kunanirwa ku mubiri w'inyoni no mu ngingo z'imbere, biganisha ku bibazo byinshi bikomeye by'ubuzima bibangamira imibereho yabo n'imibereho yabo. Gukemura izo ngaruka ku buzima bisaba guhagarika imyitozo ya gavage no kwemeza uburyo bw’ubuhinzi bw’ikiremwamuntu kandi burambye bushyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa kuruta inyungu.

Akababaro ka psychologiya hamwe nimyitwarire idasanzwe

Inkongoro na za gasegereti ni inyamaswa zifite ubwenge n’imibereho ifite ubuzima bwamarangamutima. Inzira ya gavage, aho umuyoboro wicyuma cyangwa plastiki winjizwa muri esofagusi ku gahato inshuro nyinshi kumunsi kugirango utange ibiryo byinshi mu gifu, mubisanzwe birahangayitse kandi birababaje. Inyoni zikunze kubuzwa mugihe cyo kugaburira imbaraga, bigatera ubwoba, guhangayika, no kumva ko batishoboye.

Bitewe no kugaburira imbaraga zidahwema, inkongoro na za gasegereti birashobora kwerekana ibintu bitandukanye bidasanzwe byerekana imyitwarire yabo. Iyi myitwarire irashobora kubamo ubunebwe, kwikuramo, kwibasirwa, hamwe na stereotypic ingendo nko gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi cyangwa kuzunguza umutwe. Inyoni zirashobora kandi guhinduka cyane cyangwa guhinda umushyitsi, guhora byihuta cyangwa kuvuga amajwi kugirango bisubize ibibazo bya gavage.

Byongeye kandi, abantu benshi kandi badafite isuku mu murima wa foie gras byongera umubabaro wo mu mutwe uhura n’inyoni. Ifungiye mu kato gato cyangwa amasuka yuzuye, ifite umwanya muto wo kwimuka cyangwa kwishora mu myitwarire karemano, inyoni zabuze imbaraga zo mu mutwe no gutunganyiriza ibidukikije. Uku kubura imbaraga birashobora gutera kurambirwa, gucika intege, no kwiheba, bikabangamira ubuzima bwabo bwo mumitekerereze.

Igikorwa cyo kugaburira ku gahato nacyo gihungabanya inyoni zo kugaburira bisanzwe hamwe nubushake. Mw'ishamba, inkongoro hamwe na za nyakatsi zirisha ibiryo kandi bikagenga ibyo zifata zishingiye ku nzara n'ibidukikije. Gavage irenze izo mitekerereze karemano, bigatuma inyoni zitakaza ubushobozi bwimyitwarire yazo kandi zigaterwa no gutabara hanze kugirango zibatunge.

Muri rusange, akababaro ka psychologiya hamwe nimyitwarire idasanzwe iterwa na gavage mumusaruro wa foie gras ni ndende kandi irakwiriye. Imbwa n'ingagi byakorewe iyi ngeso y'ubugome ntibibabaza umubiri gusa ahubwo binababara mumarangamutima, bihanganira ubwoba, guhangayika, no kumva ko utishoboye. Gukemura ibibazo byimitekerereze yizi nyamaswa bisaba guhagarika imyitozo yo kugaburira ingufu no kwemeza ibikorwa byubuhinzi bwikiremwamuntu nimpuhwe byubaha ubuzima bwamarangamutima yinyamaswa.

Imyitwarire n'imibereho myiza

Dufatiye ku myitwarire, umusaruro wa foie gras ugereranya kurenga ku mahame y'impuhwe, kubahana, n'ubutabera. Mugukurikiza inkongoro na za gasozi amahano yo kugaburira imbaraga no kwaguka kwumwijima byihuse, umusaruro wa foie gras utita ku gaciro kabo n'icyubahiro nkibinyabuzima. Nka baguzi n'ababunganira, dufite inshingano zinyangamugayo zo guhangana n’imyitwarire n’imibereho myiza y’umusaruro wa foie gras kandi dusaba ko havurwa neza inyamaswa mu nganda z’ibiribwa. Icyo gihe ni bwo dushobora rwose kubahiriza amahame yimpuhwe, ubutabera, no kubaha ibinyabuzima byose.

Gukenera ivugurura

Gukenera ivugururwa mu musaruro wa foie gras birihutirwa kandi ntawahakana, biterwa n’imyitwarire, imibereho myiza, hamwe n’abaturage bijyanye n’ubugome bwakorewe inkongoro na za gasegereti. Imikorere iriho yo kugaburira imbaraga no kwagura umwijima byihuse hagamijwe kwinezeza ntago ari inshingano gusa ahubwo inamaganwa mumico.

Imyumvire y'abaturage ku ikoreshwa rya foie gras nayo irahinduka, hamwe no kurushaho kumenyekanisha no kwamagana ibibazo by'imyitwarire n'imibereho myiza bijyanye n'umusaruro wabyo. Ibihugu n’uturere twinshi bimaze guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya umusaruro w’ibihingwa ngandurarugo ku myitwarire myiza n’imibereho myiza, ibyo bikaba byerekana ubwumvikane bugenda bwiyongera ku bijyanye n’ivugurura ry’inganda. Gutaka kwa rubanda no guharanira inyungu z’abaguzi byagize uruhare runini mu gutuma izo mpinduka zishingiye ku mategeko no guhatira abaproducer gukurikiza ibikorwa bya kimuntu.

Kugira ngo ikibazo gikosorwe mu musaruro wa foie gras, hashobora gufatwa ingamba nyinshi. Muri byo harimo:

1. Kubuza cyangwa gukuraho imyitozo yo kugaburira ingufu (gavage) no guhindukira muburyo butandukanye bwo kubyaza umusaruro bushyira imbere imibereho yimbwa ningagi.
2. Gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye n’uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko kugira ngo hubahirizwe amahame y’ikiremwamuntu no gukumira ubugome mu musaruro wa foie gras.
3. Gushora mubushakashatsi no guhanga udushya kugirango dutezimbere ubundi buryo burambye kandi bwubugome butarimo ubundi buryo bwa foie gras, nkibimera-bishingiye ku bimera cyangwa imico-ngirabuzimafatizo.
4. Kwigisha abaguzi ibibazo byimyitwarire n'imibereho bijyanye na foie gras umusaruro no guteza imbere ubundi buryo bwo guhitamo ibiryo bujyanye nindangagaciro zimpuhwe no kuramba.

Mugushira mubikorwa iryo vugurura, turashobora gukora mugihe kizaza aho umusaruro wa foie gras utagikoreshwa no gukoresha nabi inyamaswa. Ahubwo, turashobora kwihatira kugana gahunda yimirire yuzuye impuhwe kandi yubahiriza icyubahiro nubuzima bwiza bwibinyabuzima byose.

Umwanzuro

Umusaruro wa foie gras ugereranya igice cyijimye mwisi yo guteka, aho kwinezeza biza kubabazwa ninyamaswa nyinshi . Imbwa n'ingagi bihanganira ububabare bw'umubiri, umubabaro wo mu mutwe, no kwamburwa ibyo bakeneye by'ibanze mu gukurikirana ibyo biryohereye. Nkabaguzi n'ababunganira, dufite inshingano zinyangamugayo zo guhangana nubugome bwihishe bwimirima ya foie gras no gusaba ubuvuzi bwiza bwinyamanswa munganda zibiribwa. Icyo gihe ni bwo dushobora rwose kubahiriza amahame yimpuhwe, ubutabera, no kubaha ibinyabuzima byose.