Ubworozi bw'uruganda, uburyo bwateye imbere mu korora amatungo kugira ngo butange umusaruro, bwabaye imbarutso yo gutanga ibiribwa ku isi. Nyamara, munsi yuru ruganda rukora neza kandi rwunguka hari ikiguzi cyihishe kandi cyica: guhumanya ikirere. Imyuka iva mu mirima y’uruganda, harimo amoniya, metani, ibintu byangiza, hamwe n’indi myuka yangiza, bitera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima ku baturage ndetse n’abaturage benshi. Ubu buryo bwo kwangiza ibidukikije akenshi ntibumenyekana, ariko ingaruka zubuzima ziragera kure, biganisha ku ndwara zubuhumekero, ibibazo byumutima nimiyoboro, nibindi bibazo byubuzima budakira.
Igipimo cyo guhumanya ikirere n'ubuhinzi bw'uruganda
Imirima yinganda ishinzwe igice kinini cyumwanda. Ibi bikoresho bibamo inyamaswa ibihumbi n’ibihumbi zifungiwe, aho imyanda iba yegeranye ku bwinshi. Mugihe inyamaswa zisohora imyanda, imiti na gaze bisohoka mu kirere byinjizwa n’inyamaswa ndetse n’ibidukikije. Ubwinshi bw’imyanda y’inyamanswa ikorerwa mu mirima y’uruganda - cyane cyane mu turere aho usanga ubuhinzi bw’inganda bwiganje - butera umwuka w’ubumara ushobora kugera kure cyane y’umurima.
Amoniya ni imwe mu myanda ihumanya iboneka mu buhinzi bw’uruganda. Ammonia irekuwe mu myanda y’inyamaswa no gukoresha ifumbire, irashobora kurakaza amaso, umuhogo, n’ibihaha kandi ikongera asima cyangwa bronhite. Ubwinshi bwa ammonia mu kirere burashobora kandi kwangiza igihe kirekire kumubiri wibihaha no kugabanya imikorere yibihaha. Amoniya ikunze kuboneka cyane hafi yimirima yinganda, bigatuma abatuye hafi cyane bibasirwa cyane.
Usibye ammonia, imirima yinganda isohora metani nyinshi, gaze ya parike ikomeye. Methane ikorwa binyuze mu igogorwa ry’amatungo kandi ikarekurwa mu kirere binyuze mu gucunga ifumbire no gusembura enteric mu bihuha nkinka n'intama. Methane ntabwo igira uruhare mu bushyuhe bw’isi gusa ahubwo inagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buzima bw’abantu mu kongera ibibazo by’ubuhumekero, nka asima na bronhite.
Ikintu cyihariye, uduce duto twahagaritswe mu kirere, ni ikindi kintu cyangiza umusaruro wubuhinzi bwuruganda. Utwo duce tugizwe n’imyanda y’amatungo, ivumbi, n’ibindi bihumanya biva mu bikorwa byo guhinga uruganda. Iyo uhumeka, ibintu bishobora kwinjirira mu bihaha kandi bigatera ibibazo bitandukanye byubuzima, urugero nk'indwara z'umutima, indwara zifata ibihaha, na asima ikabije.
Ibyago byubuzima kubaturage
Abantu batuye hafi y’imirima y’uruganda, akenshi mu cyaro cyangwa mu buhinzi, bahura n’imiterere idahwitse y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Imirima myinshi yinganda iherereye mumiryango iciriritse aho abaturage bafite uburyo buke bwo kwivuza nubutunzi. Abatuye muri utwo turere bakunze gukorerwa imyuka y’ubumara ya amoniya, metani, n’ibintu bya buri munsi. Igihe kirenze, uku guhora guhura bishobora gutera ibibazo byubuzima budakira nkindwara zubuhumekero, ibibazo byumutima, ndetse na kanseri.
Usibye ibibazo byubuzima bwumubiri, guhinga kw’inganda ziterwa n’umwanda bishobora no kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gutura hafi y’imirima y’uruganda bishobora gutera guhangayika no guhangayika, bitewe n’impumuro mbi, urusaku, no gutinya ingaruka z’ubuzima bw'igihe kirekire. Impumuro ya ammonia n'urusaku rw'ibihumbi n'ibihumbi by'inyamaswa birashobora kugira uruhare mu guhorana ubwoba, bikagira ingaruka ku mibereho yo mu mutwe y'abatuye hafi.
Ikibazo cyubuzima rusange: Indwara zubuhumekero nindwara z'umutima
Ingaruka mbi ziterwa n’umwuka uva mu mirima y’uruganda ku buzima bw’ubuhumekero zanditse neza. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abantu batuye hafi y’imirima y’uruganda bahura n’ibipimo byinshi bya asima, indwara zidakira zifata ibihaha (COPD), n’izindi ndwara z’ubuhumekero. Ikintu cyihariye, ammoniya, nizindi myanda ihumanya ikirere irashobora kurakaza inzira zumuyaga, bikagorana guhumeka kandi bigatera uburibwe bwubuhumekero. Kumara igihe kirekire kuri ibyo bihumanya byongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zubuhumekero zidakira, harimo na emphysema na bronchite.
Byongeye kandi, imyanda irekurwa nimirima yinganda ntabwo igira ingaruka kumahaha gusa. Methane na ammonia birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye z'umutima n'imitsi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ihumana ry’ikirere riva mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa n’ubwiyongere bw’indwara z'umutima, ubwonko, n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. Imyuka yubumara nuduce two mu kirere bishyira imbaraga muri sisitemu yumutima nimiyoboro, bigatuma amahirwe yo kwandura indwara zifata umutima.
Ibidukikije hamwe n’imibereho
Guhumanya ikirere kiva mu buhinzi bw’uruganda ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwabantu gusa; bifite ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije. Methane ni gaze ya parike ikomeye igira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Ubuhinzi bwuruganda nimwe mubisoko binini byangiza imyuka ya metani, bingana igice kinini cyibirenge bya metani kwisi. Ibi bigira uruhare mu bushyuhe bw’isi, ibihe by’ikirere bikabije, no guhungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zubuhinzi bwuruganda ntizirenze ibibazo byubuzima bwihuse. Umwanda uterwa nibi bigo ufite ingaruka mbi, kwanduza amasoko y’amazi hafi, kwangiza ubwiza bwubutaka, no kwangiza inyamaswa. Kwangirika kw'ibidukikije guturuka ku buhinzi bw'uruganda bifite ingaruka z'igihe kirekire atari ku bantu gusa, ahubwo no ku binyabuzima bitandukanye biterwa n'umwuka mwiza n'amazi meza.
Gufata Igikorwa: Kubwira Umwicanyi Wicecekeye
Gukemura ibibazo by’ubuzima n’ibidukikije byangiza ikirere biterwa n’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda bisaba ingamba zihuriweho mu nzego nyinshi. Guverinoma n’inzego zishinzwe kugenzura bigomba gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko n'amabwiriza akomeye kugira ngo agenzure imyuka iva mu mirima y’uruganda. Ibi bikubiyemo kubahiriza imipaka y’ibyuka bihumanya amoni na metani, kunoza imikorere yo gucunga imyanda, no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rifite isuku. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, guverinoma zimaze gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku buhinzi bw’uruganda, ariko hagikenewe gukorwa byinshi ku isi.
Umuntu ku giti cye ashobora kandi gufata ingamba zo kugabanya uruhare rwabo mu buhinzi bw’uruganda n'ingaruka zabwo. Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere no kuzamura ubuzima rusange muri rusange ni ukugabanya kurya inyama. Kwemera indyo ishingiye ku bimera cyangwa kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka ku matungo birashobora kugabanya cyane icyifuzo cy’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda n’ingaruka zijyanye n’ibidukikije.
Gushyigikira ibikorwa byubuhinzi byaho, birambye nubundi buryo bwo kurwanya ubuhinzi bwuruganda. Guhitamo ibicuruzwa biva mu mirima mito, irambye ishyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa no kurengera ibidukikije birashobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi z’ubuhinzi bw’inganda. Mugushyigikira abahinzi bashyira imbere ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije no gufata neza inyamaswa, abaguzi barashobora kugira ingaruka nziza kubuzima bwabaturage babo ndetse nisi.
Uruhare rw’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda mu kwanduza ikirere n’ingaruka z’ubuzima ntirukwiye gusuzugurwa. Umwanda uhumanya utangwa n’ibi bigo, harimo ammonia, metani, n’ibintu byangiza, bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’ibanze ndetse n’isi yose. Abaturage batuye hafi y’imirima y’uruganda bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara z’ubuhumekero n’umutima, mu gihe ingaruka nini z’ibidukikije zibangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kandi bigira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Kugira ngo uyu mwicanyi acecetse, tugomba gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye, gushyigikira ibikorwa birambye by’ubuhinzi, no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku ruganda. Gusa binyuze mubikorwa rusange dushobora kurinda ubuzima bwabantu nibidukikije ingaruka mbi zubuhinzi bwuruganda.
