Isano iri hagati yabantu ninyamanswa nimwe mubufatanye bwimbitse kandi bwunguka. Mu mateka yose, inyamaswa zagize uruhare runini mu mibereho y'abantu, kuva kuba inshuti kugeza gutanga ubufasha mu kazi, umutekano, no kuvura. Muri iki gihe, inyamanswa ntizifatwa nk'abagize umuryango gusa ahubwo zigira uruhare runini mu mibereho ya amarangamutima na psychologiya ya ba nyirazo. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura isano ikomeye kandi yimbitse hagati yabantu ninyamanswa, dusuzume inyungu zo mumitekerereze, amarangamutima, numubiri byiyi mibanire.
Ubwihindurize bwimibanire yabantu ninyamaswa
Umubano hagati yabantu ninyamaswa wagize impinduka zikomeye mumyaka ibihumbi. Ku ikubitiro, inyamaswa zabitswe cyane cyane mubikorwa byingirakamaro, zikora imirimo yari ingenzi kugirango ubuzima bwabantu babeho kandi biteze imbere. Abantu bo hambere bashingiraga ku nyamaswa imirimo nko guhiga, kuragira, no kurinda. Izi nyamaswa zabonwaga nkibikoresho bifasha abantu kubona ibiryo, kurinda ingo zabo, no kubungabunga umutekano wabo. Kurugero, imbwa zororerwa zafashaga guhiga no kurinda imidugudu, mugihe inyamaswa nkihene, intama, ninka zororerwa kubwinyama, amata, nubwoya.
Uko abantu babaga bateye imbere, cyane cyane ko ubuhinzi bwatangiye no kuzamuka kw’imico, umubano hagati y’abantu n’inyamaswa watangiye guhinduka. Amatungo yarushijeho kwinjizwa mubuzima bwabantu, ntabwo ari abakozi cyangwa abatanga gusa ahubwo nabagenzi. Ihinduka ryagaragaje ubwihindurize bukomeye mu isano ry’abantu n’inyamaswa, kuko inyamaswa zatangiye gufata inshingano nshya zirenze izifatika.
Kurugero, imbwa, zabanje guhabwa agaciro kubushobozi bwabo bwo guhiga no kurinda, zagiye zimenyekana buhoro buhoro kubera ubudahemuka, urukundo, nubusabane. Umuco wa kera, nk'Abanyamisiri, Abanyaroma, n'Abagereki, watangiye kugumana imbwa nk'inyamaswa zikora gusa ahubwo nk'amatungo akunda. Injangwe, nazo zahindutse ziva mu kurinda gusa ububiko bw’ibiribwa, zifasha kugenzura abaturage b’inzoka, kubahwa nkabasangirangendo ndetse n’ibimenyetso byo kurinda Imana mu mico imwe n'imwe. Urugero, Abanyamisiri ba kera, bubahaga injangwe cyane, bagahuza n'imana Bastet, umurinzi w'urugo n'umuryango.
Mugihe societe yabantu yakomeje gutera imbere, niko uruhare rwinyamaswa mubuzima bwabantu. Impinduramatwara mu nganda no mumijyi byatumye habaho izindi mpinduka mumibanire yabantu ninyamaswa. Igihe abantu bimukiye mu mijyi no mu nganda, gukenera inyamaswa mu nshingano gakondo nko guhinga no kuragira byagabanutse. Ariko, ibyo ntibisobanuye iherezo ryumubano wabantu ninyamaswa. Mubyukuri, uruhare rwibikoko, cyane cyane imbwa ninjangwe, rwarushijeho gukomera muri iki gihe. Amatungo yatangiye kugaragara nkabagize umuryango, atanga ubusabane, inkunga yumutima, nurukundo rutagira icyo rushingiye kuri ba nyirabyo. Imyaka yinganda yemereye abantu benshi kubona umwanya nubutunzi bwo kwita ku nyamaswa nkinshuti, biganisha ku guhinduka gukomeye muburyo inyamaswa zabonwaga.
Ihinduka kandi ryahuriranye no kumenyekanisha kwiyongera kumarangamutima no mumitekerereze yo gutunga amatungo. Igikorwa cyoroheje cyo gutunga imbwa cyangwa injangwe wasangaga kigira ingaruka nziza, kugabanya imihangayiko no kongera ibyishimo. Mu kinyejana cya 20, ubushakashatsi bwatangiye kwerekana ko inyamanswa, cyane cyane imbwa n'injangwe, zishobora gutanga inkunga y'amarangamutima, zifasha kugabanya ibyiyumvo byo kwigunga, ndetse no kuzamura ubuzima bw'umubiri zishishikarizwa gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Muri kiriya gihe, isano iri hagati yabantu ninyamanswa yarushagaho kugaragara nkumubano wuburyo bubiri, aho inyamanswa zidatanga ubufasha bufatika gusa ahubwo zatangaga ibihembo byamarangamutima kuri ba nyirabyo.
Mu bihe bya none, umubano wabantu ninyamaswa wahindutse mubintu byimbitse kandi bigoye. Mu gihe amatungo agifite agaciro kubera ubusabane bwabo, inyamaswa nyinshi, nk'imbwa, injangwe, ndetse n'inkwavu n'ingurube, zifatwa nk'abagize umuryango. Igitekerezo cyo "kurera amatungo" cyagaragaye, aho ba nyir'inyamanswa badashora imari mu gutanga ibiryo ndetse n’aho kuba gusa ahubwo no mu mibereho rusange y’amatungo yabo, bakemeza ko bafite ubuzima bwuzuye hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, gukungahaza amarangamutima, no gukangura umubiri.
Byongeye kandi, inyamanswa ziramenyekana cyane kubikorwa byazo byo kuvura. Amatungo menshi, cyane cyane imbwa, yatojwe gukora nk'inyamaswa zikorera, gufasha ababana n'ubumuga nk'ubuhumyi, ibibazo byimuka, cyangwa ihungabana nyuma yo guhahamuka (PTSD). Izi nyamaswa ntabwo zitanga ubufasha bufatika gusa ahubwo zitanga n'amarangamutima, kuzamura imibereho ya ba nyirazo. Agaciro ko kuvura amatungo karagutse hamwe n’iyongera ry’ubuvuzi bufashwa n’inyamaswa, aho inyamaswa zikoreshwa mu buvuzi, imitekerereze, ndetse n’imibereho kugira ngo zifashe abantu gukira ihungabana, guhangana n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, no kuzamura imibereho myiza muri rusange.
Muri iki gihe, umubano hagati y’abantu n’inyamaswa ukomeje kwiyongera uko sosiyete igenda irushaho guhuza ibikenerwa n’inyamaswa n'akamaro k'imibereho yabo. Hariho abantu benshi bamenya ko inyamaswa, cyane cyane inyamanswa, zifite amarangamutima kandi zikwiye gufatwa neza no kwitabwaho. Amategeko arengera inyamaswa ihohoterwa no kutayitaho yarashimangiwe, kandi umubare w’ibikomoka ku matungo uri ku rwego rwo hejuru kuko abantu benshi bahitamo gutabara inyamaswa mu buhungiro aho kuzigura n’aborozi.
Isano iri hagati yabantu ninyamanswa yahindutse inyungu zingirakamaro, inyamanswa zitanga inkunga kumarangamutima no mumubiri, mugihe abantu batanga urukundo, kubitaho, no kubarinda. Iyi sano yimbitse yamarangamutima igereranwa nubusabane hagati yumuryango, aho inyamanswa zitagaragara nkinyamaswa gusa, ahubwo nkinshuti zagaciro zizana umunezero, ihumure, nintego mubuzima bwa ba nyirabyo.
Iyo turebye ahazaza, umubano hagati yabantu ninyamaswa birashoboka ko uzakomeza gukomera. Hamwe niterambere mu buvuzi bwamatungo, ubuzima bwamatungo, n’imibereho y’inyamaswa, amatungo azakomeza kubaho igihe kirekire, ubuzima buzira umuze, kandi uruhare rwabo mubuzima bwacu ruzaba ingenzi gusa. Isano igenda ihinduka hagati yabantu ninyamaswa nubuhamya bwubushobozi buhebuje bwo kwishyira mu mwanya no guhuza ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, byerekana ko inyamaswa atari inshuti gusa, ahubwo ko ari ingenzi mumiryango yacu.
Inyungu zo mu mutwe no mu marangamutima
Bumwe mu buryo bwingenzi aho inyamanswa zigira ingaruka kuri ba nyirazo ni kubwo gushyigikira amarangamutima. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kuba hari itungo rishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyiyumvo byo kwigunga no kwiheba. Ibikoko bitungwa, cyane cyane imbwa ninjangwe, bitanga urukundo rutuje kandi rukundwa, bishobora gutanga ihumure mugihe kigoye. Bakora kandi nkisoko yubusabane, cyane cyane kubantu babana bonyine cyangwa bahura nibibazo byabo.
Ku bantu benshi, amatungo ni igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwabo bwo mumutwe. Igikorwa cyo gutunga cyangwa gukina ninyamanswa byagaragaye ko bigabanya imihangayiko no guhangayika, bigatera ibyiyumvo byo kuruhuka no gutuza. Ibi biterwa no kurekura oxytocine, imisemburo itera guhuza no kuruhuka, bibaho mugihe abantu bakorana ninyamanswa zabo. Byongeye kandi, inyamanswa zirashobora gufasha kurwanya ibyiyumvo byo kwigunga mugutanga intego ninshuti yizewe, idacira urubanza.
Inyungu zubuzima bwumubiri zo gutunga amatungo
Kurenga inyungu zamarangamutima, gutunga amatungo birashobora kugira ibyiza bifatika byubuzima bwumubiri. Imwe mu nyungu zizwi cyane ni ukongera imyitozo ngororamubiri, cyane cyane kubafite imbwa. Kugenda bisanzwe no gukina hanze ni ibintu bisanzwe byo gutunga imbwa, gushishikariza ba nyiri amatungo gukomeza gukora no gukora siporo. Uku kwiyongera kwimyitozo ngororamubiri kurashobora guteza imbere ubuzima bwumutima nimiyoboro y'amaraso, kugabanya ibyago byo kubyibuha, no kuzamura ubuzima bwiza muri rusange.
Amatungo nayo afite imbaraga zo kugabanya ingaruka zumubiri zo guhangayika. Igikorwa cyoroheje cyo gutunga imbwa cyangwa injangwe birashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wamaraso hamwe n umuvuduko wumutima, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma ubuzima bwiza bumera neza. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abafite amatungo bakunda kugira imisemburo mike ya hormone nka cortisol, kandi bakagira imikorere myiza yumubiri, bikagaragaza ibyiza byubuzima bwo kugira itungo.
Uruhare rw'amatungo mu kuvura no muri serivisi
Mu myaka yashize, amatungo yaguye inshingano zirenze ubusabane no kwidagadura. Amatungo menshi yatojwe nkinyamanswa ya serivisi, atanga ubufasha kubantu bafite ubumuga. Imbwa, kurugero, irashobora gufasha abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kugenda, gutanga inkunga kumarangamutima, cyangwa no kuba imbwa ziyobora kubafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Izi nyamaswa za serivisi ntabwo zitanga ubufasha bufatika gusa ahubwo zitanga ihumure kumarangamutima, zifasha kuzamura imibereho ya ba nyirazo.
Usibye inyamaswa za serivisi, amatungo agenda akoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura. Ubuvuzi bufashwa n’inyamaswa (AAT) bukubiyemo gukoresha inyamaswa zahuguwe kugirango zifashe abantu bafite ibibazo byumubiri, amarangamutima, na psychologiya. Ubuvuzi bw'amatungo bwagaragaye ko bugira akamaro mu gufasha abantu bafite ibibazo bitandukanye, harimo PTSD, kwiheba, no guhangayika, batanga ihumure kandi bashishikariza imikoranire myiza.
Gushimangira inkwano
Isano iri hagati yabantu ninyamanswa ntabwo ari umuhanda umwe; birasubiranamo. Mu gihe inyamanswa zitanga inyungu ku mutima no ku mubiri kuri ba nyirazo, abantu na bo bita kandi bakarinda amatungo yabo, bakemeza ko bahabwa ibiryo, aho kuba, ubuvuzi, n'urukundo. Igikorwa cyo kurera no kwita ku matungo kirashobora kongera ibyiyumvo byinshingano n'intego, bifite akamaro kanini mu mikurire no kumererwa neza.
Ubucuti burashimangirwa nubunararibonye hamwe nibikorwa. Byaba ari ugukina ninyamanswa, kubajyana gutembera, cyangwa kumarana umwanya gusa, ibi bihe byimikoranire nibyingenzi mugukomeza amarangamutima. Ibikoko bitunze kandi bifite ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo kumva no gusubiza amarangamutima ya ba nyirabyo, bitanga ubumwe budasanzwe bushingiye kumpuhwe no kwizerana.
