Ubuhinzi bwuruganda ninganda zihishe neza, zuzuye ibanga kandi zibuza abaguzi kumva urugero rwubugome bubera inyuma yumuryango. Imiterere yimirima yinganda akenshi iba yuzuyemo abantu benshi, badafite isuku, nubumuntu, biganisha kububabare bukabije bwinyamaswa zirimo. Iperereza n’amashusho yihishe byagaragaje ibihe bitangaje byo guhohotera inyamaswa no kutita ku mirima y’uruganda. Abaharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa bakora ubudacogora kugira ngo bagaragaze ukuri kwijimye mu buhinzi bw’uruganda kandi baharanira amategeko akomeye n’imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa. Abaguzi bafite imbaraga zo kugira icyo bahitamo bahitamo gushyigikira ibikorwa byubuhinzi bwimyitwarire kandi burambye aho guhinga uruganda.
Ingurube mu mirima yinganda zikunze kubaho mubihe bibababaza cyane kubera guhangayika, kwifungisha, no kubura ibikenerwa byibanze. Mubisanzwe babikwa ahantu huzuye abantu, ahantu hatarimo uburiri bukwiye, guhumeka, cyangwa icyumba kugirango bagaragaze imyitwarire karemano nko gushinga imizi, gushakisha, cyangwa gusabana. Ibi bihe bigoye, bifatanije no guhura n’imyanda, umwuka mubi, hamwe no guhora uhangayitse, biganisha ku guhangayika no kubabara. Ingurube zikunze kwerekana imyitwarire yo guhangayika nko kuruma akabari cyangwa kwibasirwa biturutse kuri uku kubura imbaraga nubwisanzure.
Usibye iyi mibereho mibi, ingurube mumirima yinganda zikorerwa ibikorwa bibabaza kandi byubumuntu nta anesteya. Inzira nko gufunga umurizo, gukata amenyo, no gutwi ugutwi bikorwa kugirango birinde gukomeretsa no gukora neza mu murima, ariko bitera ububabare nububabare bukomeye. Ingurube z'ababyeyi nazo zifungirwa mu bisanduku bito, bigabanya igihe cyo gutwita no kuvuka, bikababuza kwita ku mpinja zabo neza. Ibi bihe bisiga ingurube muburyo buhoraho bwumubabaro kumubiri no mumarangamutima, bikagaragaza ubugome nubukoresha bihanganira muri gahunda yo guhinga inganda.
Inka n'inyana muri gahunda yo guhinga inganda bihanganira imibabaro myinshi kubera kwifungisha, kubakoresha, hamwe nubumuntu. Inka z’amata, cyane cyane, zibikwa ahantu huzuye abantu, ahantu hafunzwe hafite amahirwe make yo kurisha cyangwa ibidukikije. Bakunze gukorerwa amata ahoraho, bishobora gutera umunaniro wumubiri, mastitis (kwandura amabere kubabaza), nibindi bibazo byubuzima. Ku rundi ruhande, inyana zitandukanijwe na ba nyina nyuma gato yo kuvuka, inzira ikaba ibabaza umubiri ndetse n'amarangamutima. Uku gutandukana ku gahato guhakana inyana zingirakamaro za nyina bakeneye mugihe cyambere cyubuzima.
Inyana zororerwa kubwinyamanswa cyangwa amata nazo zihura nububabare bukabije muri sisitemu yinganda. Bafungiwe mu dusanduku duto cyangwa ibidukikije bibuza ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwimuka, gukora siporo, cyangwa kwerekana imyitwarire karemano. Ibidukikije bibangamira imikurire yabo kandi bitera guhangayika. Byongeye kandi, inyana zikoreshwa muburyo bubabaza, nko kwanga no kuranga, akenshi nta anesteya. Guhangayikishwa no konsa hakiri kare, kwifungisha bikabije, no kutitaho neza bitera ububabare bukabije bw'umubiri n'amarangamutima ku nka n'inyana. Iyi mibabaro yerekana ko ari ngombwa kongera gusuzuma imikorere y’ubuhinzi bugezweho no gushyira imbere imibereho y’izi nyamaswa zumva.
Inkoko, inkongoro, ingagi, n'inkoko zororerwa muri gahunda yo guhinga inganda zihura n'imibabaro ikabije bitewe n'ubucucike bwinshi, kwifungisha, no kuvura ubumuntu. Izi nyoni zikunze kubikwa ahantu hafunzwe cyane kandi ntizishobora kugera ahantu hanze, bikababuza kwerekana imyitwarire karemano nko kurisha, kwiyuhagira ivumbi, no kuguruka. Ibikorwa byo guhinga uruganda mubisanzwe bibika izo nyoni mububiko bunini, bwuzuye abantu bafite umwuka mubi hamwe nubuzima budafite isuku, ibyo bikaba byongera ibyago byindwara no guhangayika. Inyoni nyinshi zirwara ubwinshi, biganisha ku gukomeretsa, indwara, no gupfa.
Byongeye kandi, inkoko ninyoni zikiri nto bikorerwa inzira zibabaza, nko gutema umunwa, kugirango birinde imyitwarire ikaze ituruka kumaganya yo kwifungisha no kurenza urugero. Iyi myitozo irababaza kandi ihahamutse, akenshi ikorwa nta kugabanya ububabare bukwiye. Imbwa na za gaseke nazo zikoreshwa muri sisitemu yinganda, aho zifungirwa korora cyangwa guhatirwa gukura vuba kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa. Ubu buryo bwo gukura budasanzwe butera kubabara kumubiri, harimo ubumuga hamwe nububabare. Kubura ubwitonzi bukwiye, kugenda, no kugera kubidukikije karemano bisiga inkoko, inkongoro, ingagi, ninkoko bihora mububabare nububabare, bishimangira ubugome bwibikorwa byubuhinzi bukomeye.
Amatungo y’amafi n’amazi ahura n’imibabaro myinshi mu nganda z’uburobyi n’ubuhinzi bw’amafi kubera ubwinshi bw’abantu, imibereho mibi, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gusarura bukoreshwa. Mubikorwa byubuhinzi bwamafi yuburyo bwuruganda, amafi akunze kubikwa mubigega byuzuye cyangwa amakaramu afite umwanya muto, amazi mabi, hamwe n’imyanda myinshi. Izi miterere zitera guhangayika, indwara, hamwe nubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bigatuma amafi ashobora kwandura no gukomeretsa. Inyamaswa zo mu mazi ntizishobora guhunga aho zifungiwe, zongera imibabaro yazo mugihe zirwanira ibidukikije bidasanzwe kandi bihangayikishije cyane.
Amafi yo mu gasozi n’andi matungo yo mu mazi nayo arababara kubera uburobyi bw’inganda. Uburyo nko gukurura, kurushundura, no kuramba bivamo gufata abantu benshi, hamwe n’inyamaswa zitabarika zo mu nyanja zidafite intego - zirimo dolphine, inyenzi zo mu nyanja, n’inyoni zo mu nyanja - zafashwe ku buryo butunguranye. Kuroba cyane bigabanya umubare w’amafi, bikangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. Amafi menshi nayo akorerwa ubugome mugihe cyo gusarura, nko gukururwa mu nyanja agasigara ahumeka cyangwa apfa guhura. Iyi myitozo ikoresha inyamaswa zo mu mazi kugirango zikoreshe abantu mugihe zitera ububabare budakenewe, imibabaro, ndetse n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, byerekana ko hakenewe byihutirwa ubundi buryo burambye kandi bw’ikiremwamuntu.
Kugaragaza Amahano: Ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa mu nganda zibyara umusaruro
Ihohoterwa ry’amatungo ryiganje mu nganda zitanga umusaruro mwinshi, hamwe n’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda nabwo bugira uruhare runini.
Amatungo mu murima w’uruganda akunze gukorerwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri, harimo kwifungisha, gutemwa, no kutitabwaho.
Icyitegererezo cy’umusaruro rusange ushyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho y’inyamaswa, biganisha ku ihohoterwa n’imibabaro.
Iperereza ryihishe ryatanze ibimenyetso biteye ubwoba byerekana amahano inyamaswa zihanganira mu nganda nyinshi.
Mugushyigikira ibikorwa byubuhinzi bwikiremwamuntu kandi burambye, abaguzi barashobora gufasha kurwanya ihohoterwa ryinyamanswa munganda zibyara umusaruro.
Igiciro cyibyoroshye: Gutamba imibereho yinyamanswa kubinyama bihendutse
Ubuhinzi bwuruganda bushyira imbere imikorere nigiciro gito, akenshi byangiza ubuzima bwinyamaswa.
Inyama zihenze ziza ku giciro kinini ku nyamaswa, zikorerwa ibintu byubugome kandi bidasanzwe kugirango ibiciro bigabanuke.
Abaguzi bahitamo inyama zihenze batabishaka bagira uruhare mukuzenguruka kwinyamaswa nububabare mu buhinzi bwuruganda.
Guhitamo inyama zororerwa kandi ziciwe n'abantu zishyigikira ibikorwa byubuhinzi burambye bushyira imbere imibereho myiza yinyamaswa.
Gukangurira abantu kumenya igiciro nyacyo cyinyama zihenze birashobora gushishikariza abaguzi guhitamo impuhwe nyinshi kubijyanye nibiryo.
Kubabazwa ninyamaswa mu bwikorezi
Inyamaswa zitwarwa mu buhinzi, kubaga, cyangwa izindi mpamvu z'ubucuruzi zihanganira imibabaro idashoboka mu rugendo rwabo. Inzira yo gutwara abantu akenshi ikubiyemo ubucucike, gufata nabi, hamwe n’ibidukikije bikaze bituma inyamaswa zihora zihangayitse. Benshi barundanyirijwe mu gikamyo, gariyamoshi, cyangwa amato adafite umwanya muto wo kwimuka, bahatirwa guhagarara mu myanda yabo amasaha cyangwa iminsi, batabona ibiryo, amazi, cyangwa aho kuba. Ibi bintu bitera umwuma, umunaniro, n'indwara, kandi inyamaswa nyinshi ntizirokoka urugendo.
Byongeye kandi, gufata nabi abakozi mugihe cyo gupakira, gupakurura, no gutambuka byongera imibabaro. Gukomeretsa, guhagarika umutima, no guhahamuka birasanzwe mugihe inyamaswa zirwanira guhangana n’ahantu hatamenyerewe kandi hafunzwe. Ikirere gikabije, nk'ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa ubukonje bukonje, bikarushaho kwiyongera ku mibabaro, kubera ko inyamaswa zidashobora guhunga cyangwa kugenga ubushyuhe bw'umubiri. Iki gice cyubugome kandi kidakenewe murwego rwo gutanga amasoko cyerekana ko hakenewe byihutirwa uburyo bwo gutwara abantu, amahame y’imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa, hamwe n’ubugenzuzi bukomeye kugirango hirindwe ububabare n’imibabaro.
Kwerekana Ubugome bwibagiro
Inzu zibagamo ni imibabaro n’ubugome bukabije ku nyamaswa, aho bakorerwa ibikorwa by’ikiremwamuntu, imihangayiko, n’ubuzima bubi. Iyo ugeze mu ibagiro, inyamaswa zikunze guhatirwa mu gikamyo cyuzuye abantu cyangwa gufata amakaramu adafite ibyo kurya, amazi, cyangwa aho kuba, biganisha ku guhangayika cyane no kunanirwa. Inyamaswa nyinshi zigera kuri ibyo bigo zimaze gucika intege cyangwa gukomereka kubera gufata nabi igihe cyo gutwara, abantu benshi, cyangwa kutitaho.
Imbere mu ibagiro, inyamaswa zikunze guhura n’ibintu biteye ubwoba. Inzira nko gutangaza, kuva amaraso, no kwica akenshi bikorwa muburyo bwihuta, bwicwa nabi, cyangwa uburangare, biganisha kumibabaro igihe kirekire. Rimwe na rimwe, inyamaswa ntizishobora kugira ubwenge mbere yo kubagwa, bigatuma zisigara zifite ubwenge uko zishwe. Guhangayikishwa n'ibidukikije bitamenyerewe, urusaku rwinshi, no kuba hari izindi nyamaswa zibabaye byongera ubwoba n'imibabaro gusa. Byongeye kandi, abakozi barashobora gukorerwa inyamaswa nabi bitewe no gufata nabi cyangwa ubugome. Ihohoterwa rishingiye kuri gahunda kandi ryashyizweho mu ibagiro ryerekana ko ari ngombwa gukemura imyitwarire, gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza meza, no gushyiraho ubundi buryo bw’impuhwe bwo gukoresha inyamaswa.
