Muri iki gihe isi yihuta cyane kandi ihora itera imbere, byoroheje cyane kubona inyama zinyuranye zihenze n’ibikomoka ku mata. Hamwe no korohereza kugura kumurongo hamwe nu munyururu munini wa supermarket, birasa nkinyama zihenze kandi amahitamo y amata ahora muritoki. Nyamara, icyo abaguzi benshi bananiwe gutahura nuko guhendwa bidasobanura buri gihe ibyiza, cyane cyane kubijyanye nibiryo dushyira mumibiri yacu. Igiciro nyacyo cyibicuruzwa bihendutse birenze kure igiciro, hamwe ningaruka zikomeye kubuzima bwacu, ibidukikije, ndetse n'imibereho yinyamaswa. Muri iyi ngingo, turacukumbura ibiciro byihishe byinyama zihenze nibikomoka ku mata, tumurikira ingaruka mbi zikunze kutamenyekana mugukurikirana amasezerano. Mugusobanukirwa ikiguzi nyacyo cyibicuruzwa, turashobora guhitamo amakuru neza nkabaguzi kandi tugakora kuri gahunda yibiribwa birambye kandi byimyitwarire.
Ingaruka zihishe kubidukikije zinyama zihenze
Kuba isi ikenera inyama zihenze n’ibikomoka ku mata byatumye habaho ingaruka zikomeye z’ibidukikije zikunze kutamenyekana. Uburyo bukoreshwa mu nganda zikoreshwa mu gukemura iki cyifuzo bugira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba, kwanduza amazi, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no kwangirika kw’ubutaka. Ibikorwa binini byubworozi bisaba ubutaka bunini bwo kugaburira amatungo, biganisha ku gutema amashyamba no kwangiza aho gutura ku buryo buteye ubwoba. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha cyane ifumbire n’imiti yica udukoko mu bihingwa by’ibiryo birashobora kwinjira mu masoko y’amazi hafi, bigatera umwanda no guhungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Byongeye kandi, imyuka ya metani iva mu bworozi igira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere, bigatuma inganda z’inyama zigira uruhare runini mu myuka ihumanya ikirere. Izi ngaruka zihishe ku bidukikije zigaragaza ko hakenewe uburyo burambye kandi bwo gutekereza ku musaruro w’inyama n’amata, ushimangira akamaro ko gusobanukirwa no gukemura igiciro nyacyo cy’inyama zihenze n’ibikomoka ku mata.
Ingaruka zubuzima bwubuhinzi bwuruganda
Ubworozi bw'uruganda, buterwa no gukenera inyama zihenze n'ibikomoka ku mata, na byo bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima zisaba kubitekerezaho neza. Gufunga cyane inyamaswa ahantu huzuye abantu kandi badafite isuku bituma habaho ahantu heza ho gukwirakwiza indwara. Antibiyotike ikoreshwa kenshi ku matungo kugira ngo irinde indwara zanduye, biganisha ku mikurire ya bagiteri irwanya antibiyotike itera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'abantu. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha cyane imisemburo ikura nibindi byongerwaho ibiryo byamatungo birashobora kubona inzira zinyama n’ibikomoka ku mata bikoreshwa n'abantu ku giti cyabo, bishobora guhungabanya imisemburo ya hormone kandi bikagira uruhare mu bibazo by’ubuzima bw'igihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, ubuziranenge bwibiryo bihabwa inyamaswa zororerwa mu ruganda bishobora kuvamo kubura intungamubiri mu bicuruzwa byabo, bikarushaho guhungabanya agaciro k’imirire n’inyungu z’ubuzima bw’inyama n’amata akoreshwa.
Igiciro cyo guhonyora imibereho yinyamaswa
Ihohoterwa ry’imibereho y’inyamanswa mu nganda z’inyama n’amata riza ku giciro kinini, haba mu mico ndetse no mu bukungu. Gufata nabi no kutita ku nyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda ntibitera impungenge gusa ku bugome bw’inyamaswa ahubwo binagira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima rusange no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Iyo inyamaswa zitewe nubumuntu, guhangayika, nubucucike bwinshi, usanga bikunze kwandura indwara, bikongera ibyago byindwara ziterwa nibiribwa kubaguzi. Ibi birashobora gutuma umuntu yibukwa cyane, gutakaza ikizere cyabaguzi, hamwe ningaruka zishobora guterwa nubucuruzi busanga butubahirije amategeko agenga imibereho y’inyamaswa. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka mbi z’ibidukikije mu buhinzi bw’uruganda, harimo n’umwanda uva mu myanda y’amatungo no gutema amashyamba ku musaruro w’ibiryo by’amatungo, bikomeza kugira uruhare mu giciro nyacyo cy’inyama zihenze n’ibikomoka ku mata bitarenze ibitekerezo by’amafaranga.
Igiciro nyacyo cyamata ashingiye kumata
Igiciro nyacyo cyamata ashingiye kumata arenze igiciro kubicuruzwa. Nubwo gukoresha imisemburo mu musaruro w’amata bishobora kongera umusaruro w’amata ndetse n’ibiciro by’umusaruro muke, biza ku kiguzi ku buzima rusange n’ibidukikije. Imisemburo nka hormone yo gukura ya recombinant bovine (rBGH) yagiye ihura nibibazo bitandukanye byubuzima, harimo ibyago byinshi byo kwandura kanseri no kurwanya antibiyotike. Kurya ibikomoka ku mata bikomoka ku nka zivuwe na hormone bitera impungenge zifatika ku ngaruka zishobora kubaho ku buzima bw'abantu. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha imisemburo mu bworozi bw'amata bigira uruhare runini muri rusange ku nganda. Gukora no kujugunya ifumbire yuzuye imisemburo irashobora gutuma amazi yanduzwa kandi bikagira uruhare mu myuka ihumanya ikirere, bikarushaho kwangiza ibidukikije. Gusobanukirwa nigiciro nyacyo cy’amata ashingiye ku misemburo bisobanura kutita ku buryo bwihuse gusa ahubwo hanareba ingaruka zishobora guteza ubuzima ndetse n’ingaruka ku bidukikije zijyanye n’umusaruro wabyo.
Ukuri inyuma yibiciro biri hasi
Iyo bigeze ku nyama zisa naho zihenze cyane nibikomoka ku mata, ni ngombwa gucengera hejuru yubuso no kumva ingaruka nyazo. Inyuma yibi biciro byigiciro bikunze kubeshya ibiciro byihishe bifite ingaruka zikomeye. Kurugero, ibikorwa byubuhinzi byimbitse bikoreshwa mugukenera inyama zihenze nibikomoka ku mata birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mibereho y’inyamaswa. Amatungo arashobora kugarukira ahantu hagufi, gukorerwa indyo idasanzwe, no guhura cyane no gukoresha antibiotike na hormone. Byongeye kandi, ibyo bikorwa birashobora kugira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba, kwangirika kw’ubutaka, no kwanduza amazi, bikarushaho gukaza umurego ibidukikije. Iyo dusuzumye igiciro nyacyo cyibicuruzwa bihendutse, turashobora guhitamo byinshi byibanze byibanze kuramba, gufata neza inyamaswa, no kubungabunga isi yacu.
Ingaruka ndende zinyama zihenze
Ingaruka ndende zo kurya inyama zihenze zirenze impungenge z’imibereho y’inyamaswa n’ingaruka ku bidukikije. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kurya inyama zihenze, akenshi zikomoka ku nyamaswa zororerwa mu buhinzi bwimbitse, zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu. Izi nyamaswa zikunze kugaburirwa indyo yuzuye ibinyampeke nintungamubiri nke, bigatuma habaho vitamine zikomeye, imyunyu ngugu, hamwe n’amavuta meza mu nyama zabo. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha antibiyotike na hormone zo gukura muri ubu buryo bwo guhinga birashobora kugira uruhare mu mikurire ya bagiteri zidakira antibiyotike, bikaba byangiza ubuzima rusange. Ubushakashatsi kandi bwerekanye ko kurya cyane inyama zitunganijwe bihendutse hamwe n’ibyago byinshi by’indwara zidakira nk’indwara zifata umutima, umubyibuho ukabije, ndetse na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Ni ngombwa gutekereza ku ngaruka ndende ziterwa no guhitamo imirire no gushyira imbere kurya inyama zirambye kandi zikomoka ku mico kugirango turinde ubuzima bwiza n'imibereho myiza y'isi.
Imyitwarire yimyitwarire yubuhinzi
Imikorere ikunze guhingwa mu ruganda itera impungenge zikomeye zijyanye n'imibereho y’inyamaswa. Amatungo afungiwe ahantu huzuye abantu kandi adafite isuku akenshi aba afite ibibazo byumubiri na psychologiya. Ntibashobora kwerekana imyitwarire yabo karemano, nko kuzerera mu bwisanzure cyangwa kwishora mu mibanire myiza, bigatuma ubuzima bugabanuka. Imyitozo nko gutesha umutwe, gufunga umurizo, no guta nta anesteya irushaho kugira uruhare mububabare bwabo. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha akazu kagufi hamwe nudusanduku two gusama twibuza kubiba imbuto byarushijeho gukaza umurego imyitwarire ishingiye ku buhinzi bw’uruganda. Ibi bikorwa byubumuntu byerekana ko hakenewe impinduka zindi nzira zimpuhwe kandi zirambye mubikorwa byubuhinzi.
Kwangiza ibidukikije biva mu musaruro rusange
Umusaruro ukabije w’inyama n’ibikomoka ku mata bifite ingaruka zikomeye kandi zigera kure ku bidukikije. Kimwe mu bibazo byibanze ningaruka zikomeye kumikoreshereze yubutaka no gutema amashyamba. Ibikorwa binini byubworozi bisaba ubutaka bunini bwo kurisha no guhinga ibihingwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ahantu nyaburanga, harimo n’amashyamba n’ibyatsi, birahanagurwa ku buryo buteye ubwoba kugira ngo ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa bugenda bwiyongera. Gutema amashyamba ntibigabanya gusa urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ahubwo binarekura imyuka myinshi ya gaze karuboni mu kirere, bigira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Byongeye kandi, umusaruro mwinshi utanga imyanda myinshi, harimo ifumbire y’inyamaswa n’amazi ava mu bihingwa by’ibiryo. Kujugunya no gucunga neza ibyo bicuruzwa bishobora gutera umwanda w’amazi, bikangiza ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima no kwangiza umutungo w’amazi meza. Izi ngaruka z’ibidukikije zigaragaza ko byihutirwa kongera gusuzuma imikorere y’ubuhinzi muri iki gihe no gushakisha ubundi buryo burambye.
Ubuzima bwabantu buterwa na antibiotike
Gukoresha antibiyotike mu nyama n’amata nabyo byerekana ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwabantu. Antibiyotike ikunze gutangwa ku matungo kugira ngo itere imbere kandi ikingire indwara zishobora gukwirakwira mu bantu benshi kandi badafite isuku. Nyamara, gukoresha cyane no gukoresha nabi antibiyotike mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa bigira uruhare mu kuvuka kwa bagiteri zirwanya antibiyotike, izwi kandi nka superbugs. Iyo abantu barya inyama cyangwa ibikomoka ku mata bivuye ku nyamaswa zivuwe na antibiotike, barashobora gufata bateri batabizi, bigatuma antibiyotike idakora neza mu kuvura indwara zanduye. Ibi bitera impungenge rusange zubuzima rusange, kuko bigabanya imikorere yubuvuzi bugezweho kandi byongera ibyago byo kwandura ubuzima. Byongeye kandi, guhura nibisigisigi bya antibiotique mubikomoka ku nyamaswa bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwabantu, nka allergique reaction no guhagarika mikorobe yo munda.
Mu gusoza, ni ngombwa ko abaguzi bumva igiciro nyacyo cyinyama zihenze n’ibikomoka ku mata. Ingaruka zibyo bicuruzwa zirenze ingaruka ku gikapo cyacu - nazo zigira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije, imibereho y’inyamaswa, ndetse n’ubuzima bwacu. Iyo dusuzumye ikiguzi nyacyo cyo guhitamo ibiryo no gushyigikira ibikorwa byubuhinzi burambye kandi bwimyitwarire, dushobora kugira ingaruka nziza kwisi idukikije.
Ibibazo
Nigute inyama zihenze n’ibikomoka ku mata bigira uruhare mu kwangiza ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere?
Inyama zihenze n’ibikomoka ku mata bigira uruhare mu kwangiza ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu buryo butandukanye. Ubwa mbere, kubyara inyama n’amata bikubiyemo gutema amashyamba manini yo kuragira amatungo no kugaburira ibiryo, bigatuma habaho gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Icya kabiri, ubuhinzi bukomeye butera imyuka myinshi ya metani na nitrous oxyde, imyuka ya parike ikomeye. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda hamwe nudukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza ibiryo bigira uruhare mu kwanduza amazi no kwangirika kwubutaka. Byongeye kandi, gutwara no gutunganya inyama zihenze n’ibikomoka ku mata nabyo bisaba gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, bikagira uruhare runini mu gusohora ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Muri rusange, gukenera inyama zihenze n’ibikomoka ku mata bituma ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi bidashoboka byangiza ibidukikije ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ni ibihe biciro byihishe bifitanye isano ninyama zihenze n’umusaruro w’amata, nkingaruka ku mibereho y’inyamaswa n’ubuzima rusange?
Amafaranga yihishe ajyanye ninyama zihenze n’umusaruro w’amata harimo ibibazo bikomeye by’imibereho y’inyamaswa n'ingaruka mbi ku buzima rusange. Umusaruro uhendutse ukubiyemo uburyo bwo guhinga cyane bushyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa, biganisha ku bihe bigoye kandi bidafite isuku. Ibi birashobora gutuma kwandura indwara byiyongera, gukoresha antibiyotike, no gukwirakwiza za bagiteri zirwanya antibiyotike, ibyo bikaba byangiza ubuzima bw’abantu. Byongeye kandi, umusaruro uhendutse urashobora kugira uruhare mu kwangiza ibidukikije, harimo gutema amashyamba no kwanduza amazi. Muri rusange, igiciro nyacyo cyinyama n amata bihendutse birenze igiciro kandi bigira ingaruka kumibereho yinyamaswa nubuzima rusange.
Nigute ikiguzi nyacyo cyinyama zihenze nibikomoka ku mata bigera hejuru yikiguzi, urebye ibintu nkinkunga nibituruka hanze?
Igiciro nyacyo cyinyama zihenze nibikomoka ku mata birenze igipimo cyibiciro bitewe ninkunga ninkunga zituruka hanze. Inkunga zitangwa na leta mu nganda z’inyama n’amata zigabanya igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa ibyo bicuruzwa, bigatuma abantu barenza urugero kandi bakangiza ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, umusaruro w’inyama n’amata ugira uruhare mu bintu bitandukanye, nko gusohora ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, gutema amashyamba, n’umwanda w’amazi, bifite amafaranga menshi mu bukungu, imibereho myiza n’ibidukikije. Ibi biciro byihishe, ntabwo bigaragarira mubiciro, umutwaro societe nibisekuruza bizaza. Ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibi bintu kugirango wumve neza igiciro nyacyo cyinyama zihenze nibikomoka ku mata.
Ni izihe ngaruka zifatika zo gushyigikira inganda zihenze n’inganda z’amata, urebye imiterere y’inyamaswa zororerwa no kubagwa?
Gushyigikira inyama zihenze n’inganda zitanga amata bitera impungenge zikomeye zijyanye n’imiterere y’inyamaswa zororerwa no kubagwa. Inganda zikunze gushyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho y’inyamaswa, biganisha ku mibereho migufi kandi idafite isuku, gukoresha buri gihe antibiyotike, hamwe n’ubwicanyi bw’ikiremwamuntu. Mu gushyigikira inganda, abantu ku giti cyabo bagira uruhare rutaziguye mu mibabaro no gukoresha inyamaswa. Mu myitwarire, ni ngombwa gutekereza ku bundi buryo nko gushyigikira ubuhinzi bw’ibanze, burambye, n’ubumuntu cyangwa gufata ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera bigabanya ubushake bw’inyama zihenze n’ibikomoka ku mata.
Nigute abaguzi bashobora guhitamo byinshi kubijyanye ninyama n’ibikomoka ku mata kugirango basobanukirwe neza kandi bakemure igiciro nyacyo?
Abaguzi barashobora guhitamo byinshi bijyanye ninyama n’ibikomoka ku mata bashaka amakuru ku bikorwa by’umusaruro n’ingaruka ku bidukikije ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye. Bashobora gushakisha ibirango nkibinyabuzima, ibyatsi-byatsi, cyangwa bizamuye ku buryo burambye, ibyo bikaba akenshi byerekana ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, abaguzi barashobora gukora ubushakashatsi no gutera inkunga ibigo bishyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa, kugabanya ikirere cyabyo, no guteza imbere uburyo burambye bwo guhinga. Mu kwiyigisha no gushyigikira ubucuruzi bujyanye nagaciro kabo, abaguzi barashobora kumva neza no gukemura igiciro nyacyo cyinyama n’ibikomoka ku mata.
