Ubworozi bw'uruganda, bakunze kwita nk'ubuhinzi mu nganda, bwabaye uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutanga ibiribwa mu turere twinshi ku isi. Mu gufunga umubare munini w’inyamanswa ahantu hato, iyi sisitemu yashoboye guhaza ibyifuzo bikenerwa n’inyama, ibikomoka ku mata, n'amagi. Nyamara, munsi yacyo isa nkaho ikora neza kandi ihendutse hanze irabeshya ukuri. Igiciro nyacyo cyubu buryo bwo guhinga bwateye imbere burenze kure igiciro wishyura a ikarito yamagi cyangwa ipaki yamabere yinkoko. Kuva kwangiza ibidukikije no guteza ingaruka ku buzima kugeza kubyutsa impungenge zikomeye ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, ubuhinzi bw’uruganda butwara ibiciro byihishe bidashobora kwirengagizwa. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzareba a hafi rebe kuri izi ngaruka zirengagijwe hanyuma dusuzume uburyo affect zitagira ingaruka ku biryo byacu gusa ahubwo no ku mubumbe wacu ndetse na societe muri rusange. Muguhishura izo ngaruka zihishe, tugamije gutangiza ibiganiro bifatika bijyanye no gufata inzira zirambye kandi zifatika zo gutanga ibiryo.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije ubuhinzi bwinganda
Ubuhinzi bwinganda buranengwa cyane kuko bwangiza ingaruka kubidukikije. Ikibazo kimwe major ni its kuremereye ubufatanye k’ifumbire mvaruganda nimiti yica udukoko yanduza ubutaka n’amazi mu gihe nayo igira uruhare mu guhumanya ikirere. Iyo iyi miti irangiye into hafi yinzuzi cyangwa ibiyaga biva mumirima, birashobora gutera eutrophasique - umushinga wangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi ugabanya urugero rwa ogisijeni in amazi y’amazi. Byongeye kandi, imikorere y’ubuhinzi ikunze gukoreshwa mu buhinzi bw’inganda zangiza ubutaka bwintungamubiri igihe, biganisha ku isuri no kugabanya urwego rwuburumbuke. Kurandura ubutaka gukoresha imikoreshereze y’ubuhinzi byihutisha umuvuduko w’amashyamba - ikintu giteye ubwoba cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere cyihuta kurushaho. Ibi byangiza ibidukikije bishimangira impamvu kwimuka muburyo bwo guhinga bushya bushyira imbere ubuzima bwibidukikije bikenewe byihutirwa.
Ingaruka zubuzima zifitanye isano n’umwanda
Umwanda uva mu buhinzi bw’inganda ubangamira ubuzima bw’abantu kimwe n’abaturage b’inyamanswa batuye mu mirima yegeranye cyangwa inzira y’amazi yo hepfo y’amazi yatewe n’ibintu byanduye biterwa n’amazi y’amazi arimo ibintu byangiza nka gazi ya amoniya bisobanura mu buryo butaziguye kugaburira ibikorwa bizwi cyane mu nzego z’inganda zihumeka zihumeka zihumeka neza. Ibikoresho na byo kwirinda kunywa ibinyobwa bisindisha ibikorwa kimwe bibangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi - ibyiringiro byo kurokoka byuzuzanya rwose bivanze na antibiyotike irwanya indwara ya superbug ihungabana ku isi ingaruka zigenda ziyongera cyane igipimo gisaba ko hajyaho ingamba zihuse zo kugenzura ibikorwa byita ku mibereho myiza y’ibidukikije responsibilityibikorwa by’imishinga huza ibikorwa rusange ubuhinzi, bakunze kwita ubuhinzi mu nganda, bwabaye theuburyo bwa mbere bwo gutanga umusaruro mu biribwa mu turere twinshi hirya no hino ku isi. Mu gufunga umubare munini w’inyamaswa ahantu hato, iyi sisitemu yashoboye guhaza izamuka ry’inyama, amata, n'amagi. Nyamara, munsi yacyo isa nkaho ikora neza kandi ihendutse hanze yinyuma yibintu byukuri. Igiciro nyacyo cyubu buryo bwinganda bwagutse far irenze ibyo wishyura ikarito ya eggs cyangwa paki yamabere yinkoko. Kuva kwangiza ibidukikije n’ingaruka z’ubuzima rusange ku bibazo by’imibereho y’inyamaswa, ibiciro byihishe ni byinshi. YMu kwerekana ibyo bibazo, tugamije gutangiza ibiganiro bijyanye no gukoresha uburyo bwiza kandi burambye bwo gutanga ibiryo.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije mu buhinzi bw’inganda
Ubuhinzi bwinganda bwagiye bugenzurwa kubera umubare munini wibidukikije. Ikibazo gikomeye ni ukwiringira cyane ifumbire mvaruganda nudukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza ubutaka n’amazi mu gihe nabyo bigira uruhare mu kwanduza ikirere. Iyo iyo miti irangiye mu nzuzi cyangwa ibiyaga byegeranye, birashobora gukurura eutrophasique - inzira yangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi igabanya urugero rwa ogisijeni mu mibiri y’amazi. Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bwa monoculture bukunze guhuzwa nubuhinzi bwinganda bwambura ubutaka intungamubiri mugihe, bigatera isuri kandi bikagabanya uburumbuke.
Kurandura amashyamba yo kwagura ubuhinzi gusa byangiza imihindagurikire y’ikirere kuraho ibintu byingenzi bikarito ya karubone mu gihe irekura imyuka ya parike yabitswe mu kirere. Izi mbogamizi z’ibidukikije zishimangira ko hakenewe byihutirwa inzira zirambye zigarura uburinganire bw’ibidukikije aho kuzimangana.
Ibyago byubuzima bijyana n’umwanda
Imyanda ihumanya ituruka mu mirima y’uruganda itera ingaruka mbi ku buzima ku nyamaswa gusa ahubwo no ku bantu batuye hafi cyangwa barya ibicuruzwa biva muri ubwo buryo. Imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu musaruro w’ibihingwa irashobora gusiga ibisigazwa ku biribwa turya - guhura n’ingaruka za kanseri kimwe no kutagira imisemburo ya hormone cyangwa indwara z’imitsi kandi igihe.
Ibikorwa byo kugaburira amatungo bigarukira (CAFOs) bisohora imyuka yangiza nka ammonia itesha agaciro uburyo bwiza hafi yabo; kumara igihe kinini ouldbishobora kuyobora abaturage hafi yimirima bafite ibibazo byubuhumekero nkibi bimenyetso bya asima byangiza imibereho myiza yabaturage muri rusange. Umuyoboro w’amazi wanduye mu ruganda rwo hepfo akenshi urimo ibimenyetso bya antibiyotike irwanya bagiteri zibangamira abaturage umutekano wigihe kirekire igisubizo gikenewe byihutirwa gukemura ibibazo bikura neza.
Ingaruka mbi ku baturage baho
Usibye ibibazo by’ubuzima bwa buri muntu byateje ibibazo bijyanye n’umwanda, ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi-buhinzi-bihungabanya imibereho abahinzi gakondo badashobora guhangana n’ubukungu igipimo cyatanze largeramasosiyete manini yiharira amasoko mu buryo butemewe. Abaproducer benshi bato bato bahatiwe kureka umuryango wibisekuru inessubucuruzi butakaza burundu umurage ndangamuco ubumenyi butandukanye bwubuhinzi bushingiye ku buryo budasubirwaho igihombo gisangiwe kwisi yose ikiremwamuntu kizaza kimwe .
Gutwara ibicuruzwa byakozwe mubikoresho byibanze byongera urusaku rwumuhanda ibidindiza icyaro mbere ituje amahoro quartiers yahinduye ahantu huzuye ibikorwa bihora byangiza ubuzima bwiza bukikije abaturage bigira ingaruka mbi mubukungu mubidukikije.
