Mu buso bunini bw’inganda z’inyamanswa, amoko amwe akunze kuguma atagaragara neza nubwo atanga umusanzu ukomeye. Muri ibyo biremwa birengagijwe harimo imbuni, inyoni ndende zizwiho umuvuduko udasanzwe no kugaragara bidasanzwe. Mugihe imbuni isanzwe ifitanye isano na savannas nyafurika, babonye kandi umwanya mubikorwa byuruhu ninyama kwisi yose. Nyamara, uruhare rwabo muriyi mirenge akenshi ntirumenyekana, biganisha kumatsiko y amatsiko yibihangange byibagiranye.
Ostriches - inyoni ishaje cyane kwisi
Urugendo rwubwihindurize rwa ostriches ni gihamya yo kwihangana no guhuza n'imiterere. Ukomoka mu muryango Struthionidae, izo nyoni zitagira indege zikomoka muri savannas nini n'ubutayu bwa Afurika. Inkomoko yabo ya kera irashobora guhera mu bihe bya mbere bya Cenozoic, hamwe n'ibimenyetso by’ibinyabuzima byerekana ko inyoni zimeze nk'inyoni zabayeho kera cyane nko mu gihe cya nyuma ya Paleocene, hashize imyaka igera kuri miliyoni 56.
Kuva mu myaka yashize, imbuni zahuye n’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije no guhitamo ibidukikije, bigenda bihinduka mu buryo budasanzwe bwo guhuza n'imiterere n’imyitwarire yabemereye gutera imbere ahantu hatandukanye. Ibiranga umwihariko wabo, harimo amajosi maremare, kureba neza, n'amaguru akomeye, ni ibikoresho byubatswe neza kugirango bibeho ahantu nyaburanga kandi bitateganijwe bita murugo.
Kimwe mu bintu bitangaje biranga imbuni ni ukudashobora kuguruka, iyo mico ikabatandukanya n’andi moko menshi y’inyoni. Aho kujyana mu kirere, imbuni zahindutse abahanga mu gutwara abantu ku isi, zishobora kugera ku muvuduko wa kilometero 70 mu isaha (kilometero 43 mu isaha) mu gihe gito. Ubu bwihuta n'umuvuduko bidasanzwe birinda cyane inyamaswa zangiza, bigatuma inyenzi zihunga iterabwoba no kurinda uturere twabo.
Byongeye kandi, imbuni izwiho uruhare rwo kwita ku bidukikije. Nkibisiga byose, bigira uruhare runini mukubungabunga ibidukikije mukurya ibintu byinshi byibimera, udukoko, nintangangabo nto. Mu kubikora, bifasha kugenzura imikurire y’ibimera, kugenzura umubare w’udukoko, no gutunganya intungamubiri, bigira uruhare mu buzima rusange n’ubuzima bw’aho batuye.
Kurenga akamaro k’ibidukikije, imbuni zifite akamaro k’umuco n’ikigereranyo mu bihugu byinshi ku isi. Kuva mumico ya kera kugeza mumico ya none, izo nyoni nini cyane zahumekeye imigani, imigani, hamwe nubuhanzi, nkibimenyetso byimbaraga, umudendezo, no kwihangana.
Ukuntu imbuni zihingwa
Inganda zubuhinzi bwa ostrich zifite amateka akomeye kandi atandukanye, arangwa nimpinduka yibanze hamwe nibibazo. Ubuhinzi bwa ostrich bwatangiriye mu myaka ya 1860 cyane cyane muri Cape Colony yo muri Afrika yepfo, bwambere bwibanze ku kuzuza ibyifuzo by’imyambarire y’iburayi ku mababa. Iki gikorwa cyagaragaye ko cyungutse cyane, aho amababa ya ostrich yari ku mwanya wa kane mu kugurisha ibicuruzwa byoherejwe muri Afurika y'Epfo icyo gihe. Icyakora, inganda zahuye n’isenyuka ritunguranye mu 1914 hamwe n’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose itangiye, bituma ubukungu bwifashe nabi.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubuhinzi bwa ostrich bwongeye kwiyongera, cyane cyane muri Afurika, abantu nka Mamadou Coulibaly muri Malia bayoboye ibikorwa binini. Uku kubyuka kwatewe imbaraga no guhinduranya kwibanda ku mababa yerekeza ku nyama ndetse nuruhu kubintu byerekana uruhu. Ibihugu nk'Ubwongereza, Amerika, Ositaraliya, n'Uburayi bwo ku mugabane wa Afurika na byo byinjiye mu bikorwa byo guhinga imbuni, bikururwa n'iterambere ry'ubukungu bitangwa n'inyama z'impu n'impu.
Nubwo, nubwo ubushake bushya bwo guhinga ostrich, inganda zihura nibibazo bikomeye. Inkoko za Ostrich, cyane cyane zishobora kwibasirwa n'indwara, aho umubare munini w'abantu bapfa bangana na 67%, urenze kure iy'andi matungo ahingwa. Iyi ntege itera inzitizi zitari nke ku iterambere rirambye ry’ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi bwitwa ostrich.
Byongeye kandi, uburyo inyoni zibikwa mu mirima bitera impungenge imyitwarire. Hafi y'udusimba duto cyangwa amakaramu hamwe n'izindi nyoni nyinshi, inyoni zambuwe umudendezo wo kuzerera no kwiruka nk'uko byari bimeze aho zisanzwe. Cyane cyane mugihe cyimbeho, izo nyoni zirashobora kugarukira ahantu hato, biganisha kumaganya nibibazo byubuzima.
Imibereho y'inyoni ku mirima ni ikibazo cyo kongera akamaro, bigatuma hajyaho uburyo bunoze bwo guhinga no gutekereza cyane ku bikenerwa n’amatungo. Imbaraga zo gukemura ibibazo by’indwara n’impfu, kimwe no gutanga ubuzima bwagutse kandi bw’ikiremwamuntu, ni ngombwa mu buryo burambye burambye n’ubunyangamugayo bw’inganda z’ubuhinzi bw’inyoni.
Mu gusoza, nubwo ubuhinzi bwitwa ostrich bwagiye bugira ubwihindurize no kwaguka mu myaka yashize, bukomeje guhura n’ibibazo bijyanye no gucunga indwara, imibereho y’inyamaswa, ndetse no gutekereza ku myitwarire. Mugukemura ibyo bibazo no gukoresha uburyo burambye bwubuhinzi bwimpuhwe nimpuhwe, inganda zubuhinzi bwintanga zirashobora guharanira ejo hazaza haba mubukungu kandi bushinzwe imyitwarire.
Inzitizi zimyitwarire idasanzwe mubuhinzi bwa Ostrich
Imyitwarire idasanzwe mu buhinzi bwa ostrich ni ikibazo cyerekeye ibibazo byerekana ibibazo byo kubungabunga imibereho y’izi nyoni ahantu hafashwe imbohe. Kimwe mu bintu bigaragara byerekana imyitwarire idasanzwe muri ostriche ni ugutoragura amababa, aho inyoni zitera amababa inyuma. Iyi myitwarire ifitanye isano no guhangayika no kurambirwa, cyane cyane bikabije mugihe cyo gufunga amezi yimbeho.
Indi myitwarire ibabaje igaragara muri ostre yubatswe ni inyenyeri, aho inyoni zizamura imitwe hejuru n'inyuma kugeza zikoze ku ruti rw'umugongo. Iyi myifatire irashobora gukurura ingorane zo kugenda, kurya, no kunywa, amaherezo bituruka kumwanya udahagije no kumurika mubigo byabo. Umuti wiyi myitwarire uroroshye nko kwemerera inyoni kugera ahantu hanze, nyamara inzira yo kwifungisha cyane mubuhinzi bwitwa ostrich irerekana inzitizi zo gushyira mubikorwa ibisubizo nkibi.
Gukubita amano no mumaso byerekana imyitwarire idasanzwe idasanzwe itagaragara mubaturage b'inyoni zo mu gasozi. Iyi myitwarire irashobora gukomeretsa bikabije, harimo no gukuramo amaso yose, cyane cyane bigira ingaruka ku nkoko zikiri nto. Nubwo impamvu nyayo zitera iyi myitwarire zikomeje kutamenyekana, guhangayika no kurambirwa bikekwa ko ari byo bigira uruhare, bishimangira akamaro ko gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije n’imicungire mu buhinzi bw’inyoni.
Gufata isazi ni iyindi myitwarire idasanzwe igaragara gusa muri ostriche yafashwe. Iyi myitwarire ikubiyemo inyoni zigerageza inshuro nyinshi gufata isazi zibitekerezo, byerekana akababaro cyangwa kutamererwa neza. Na none kandi, guhangayika cyangwa kubabara bigaragazwa nkimpamvu nyamukuru, byerekana ko hakenewe ingamba zuzuye zo kuzamura imibereho y’inyoni ahantu hafashwe mpiri.
Gukemura imyitwarire idasanzwe mubuhinzi bwa ostrich bisaba inzira zinyuranye zishyira imbere ubuzima bwiza bwo mumutwe no mumubiri byizi nyoni. Gutanga umwanya uhagije, gukungahaza, no gukangurira ibidukikije nintambwe zingenzi mugukumira no kugabanya imyitwarire idasanzwe. Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere imikorere ishyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa kuruta kwifungisha cyane ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho igihe kirekire n’ubunyangamugayo bw’inganda z’ubuhinzi bw’inyoni.
Gukemura Ibibazo muri Transport ya Ostrich: Ibibazo byimibereho
Gutwara imbuni byerekana imbogamizi zitari nke zihura nazo mubikorwa byo guhinga. Nyamara, ibitekerezo byimibereho mugihe cyo gutwara no gutwara abantu akenshi birengagizwa, biganisha ku ngaruka zishobora kuba ku nyoni ndetse n’abashinzwe kubigiramo uruhare. Kutagira ubuyobozi bwa siyansi no gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwarushijeho gukaza umurego ibyo bibazo, bigatuma abashinzwe umutekano n’inyoni kimwe batiteguye nabi kubibazo byo gutwara abantu.
Ikintu gihangayikishije cyane ni ukutita ku mbago z’imibereho isanzwe y’imyororokere, imyitwarire, n’imiterere yumubiri iyo ubivanze hamwe mugihe cyo gutwara no gutwara. Uku kugenzura kurashobora gutuma habaho guhangayika no kwibasirwa ninyoni, bikaviramo gukomeretsa cyangwa no guhitana abantu. Byongeye kandi, gukuramo amazi no kugaburira mbere yo gutwara, ibintu bisanzwe mu turere tumwe na tumwe, bidafite ubuyobozi busanzwe kandi birashobora guhungabanya imibereho y’inyoni.
Kubura ibinyabiziga byihariye byo gutwara ostriches byongera urundi rwego rugoye mubikorwa. Imodoka zitwara abantu zisanzwe ntizishobora kwakira bihagije ubunini bwihariye n’ibikenewe by’izi nyoni nini, bikongera ibyago byo kuba abantu benshi n’imvune mu gihe cyo gutambuka. Byongeye kandi, igihe kinini cyo gutwara abantu hamwe nubucucike bukabije byongera imihangayiko nuburangare byatewe ninyoni, bikaba byaviramo ingaruka mbi mubuzima.
Kwica Ostrich
Amashu asanzwe abagwa afite amezi umunani kugeza icyenda. Nyamara, inzira yo gufata no kubaga izo nyoni itera ingaruka zikomeye, nkuko byagaragajwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abicanyi. Ostriches ifite igitego cyo kwirwanaho gishobora kwirukana byoroshye abayobora, bishimangira akaga katewe no kubikemura.
Kenshi na kenshi, imbuni zicirwa mu bwato hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi gusa, hanyuma hakurikiraho kuva amaraso. Iyi nzira isaba ubufasha byibuze abakozi bane kugirango babuze inyoni mugihe cyo kubaga. Ubundi buryo bwatekerejweho burimo kwica inyoni mumurima ukoresheje pistolet ya bolt yafashwe, hanyuma ikurikirwa no gutobora no kuva amaraso. Kugerageza gukoresha imbunda zo kubaga byagaragaye ko bitatsinzwe.
Raporo zibabaje zerekana gufata nabi no kwica imbuni zagaragaye mu iperereza rwihishwa, cyane cyane muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu, abakozi bagiye bakubita imigeri inyoni mu buryo bukabije, kandi bageze mu ibagiro, inyoni zikoreshwa mu mashini zibuza, bikababaza kandi bikomeretsa.
Ibagiro bimwe bikoresha amaguru-amaguru kugirango abuze inyoni zibabaye cyane mbere yo kuzikoresha amashanyarazi gusa. Mugihe ubu buryo bugamije gutuma inyoni zitagira ubwenge, haracyari ikibazo cyuko igice cyabyo gishobora kuba kimenya mugihe cyo kubagwa kubera uburambe buke bwabakozi babaga, bikaviramo izindi mibabaro.
Mugihe abadandaza bakunze kuvuga inyama za ostrich nkuburyo bwiza bwinka zinka, ibyagaragaye vuba aha bivuguruza iki gitekerezo. Bitandukanye n’imyemerere ikunzwe, inyama za ostrich ntabwo ziri munsi ya cholesterol, irimo hafi 57mg kuri 100g, igereranywa ninka. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bugaragara buhuza kurya inyama na kanseri byerekana ko inyama za ostrich zishobora guteza ingaruka nk’ubuzima nkizindi nyama zitukura.
Usibye ibirimo cholesterol, inyama za ostrich zitwara ubushobozi bwo kwanduza abantu indwara zitandukanye, nka salmonella, E. coli, na campylobacteriose. Byongeye kandi, inyama za ostrich zikunda kubora vuba, zitanga ibidukikije byiza byo gukura kwa bagiteri. Uku kwangirika byihuse byongera ibyago byo kwandura bagiteri kandi bitera impungenge z’ubuzima kubaguzi.
Mugihe inyama za ostrich zishobora gutanga inyungu zintungamubiri, nko kuba zinanutse kuruta inyama zitukura, ibiyigize bya cholesterol hamwe no kwandura bagiteri bitera kwibaza niba bikwiye nkuburyo bwiza. Abaguzi bagomba kwitonda no gutekereza kuri ibyo bintu mugihe bahisemo imirire, cyane cyane bitewe nibibazo byubuzima bigenda bigaragara bijyanye no kurya inyama.
