Imibabaro itagaragara yinkoko za Broiler: Kuva Hatchery kugeza Isahani

Intangiriro

Urugendo rwinkoko za broiler kuva mubyumba kugeza ku isahani yo kurya zuzuyemo imibabaro itagaragara, akenshi birengagizwa nabaguzi bakunda inkoko nkibyokurya byabo. Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzacukumbura ibintu byihishe mu nganda z’inkoko broiler, dusuzume imyitwarire, ibidukikije, n’imibereho y’umusaruro w’inkoko rusange.

Inzitizi zingenzi zihura ninkoko za Broiler muri sisitemu yo guhinga

Inkoko za Broiler, zidafite uruhare runini mu gutanga ibiribwa ku isi, zihura n’ibibazo byinshi bitoroshye muri gahunda yo guhinga muri iki gihe. Kuva mubikorwa byubworozi byatoranijwe kugeza uburyo bwo gutwara no kubaga, ibyo biremwa bifite imyumvire bihanganira ingorane nyinshi, akenshi birengagizwa cyangwa bidahabwa agaciro nabaguzi ninganda. Iyi nyandiko irasesengura ibibazo by’ingutu byugarije inkoko zororerwa muri gahunda z’ubuhinzi ku isi hose, bikerekana imibereho yabo, ingaruka z’ibidukikije, ndetse n’imyitwarire myiza.

1. Gukura Byihuse: Inkoko za broiler zororerwa kuri gahunda kugirango zigere ku muvuduko udasanzwe udasanzwe, ushimangira umusaruro w’inyama kuruta imibereho y’inyamaswa. Iterambere ryihuse riteganya kubibazo byinshi byubuzima, harimo indwara ya skeletale na metabolike idasanzwe. Gukurikirana inyungu zidahwema kubangamira ubuzima bwinyoni bikomeza uruziga rwimibabaro no kutita kubyo bakeneye.
2. Kwiyemeza no kugendagenda neza: Mubikorwa byubuhinzi bwinganda, inkoko za broiler zikunze kugarukira kumasuka yuzuye, yabuze umwanya uhagije wo kwerekana imyitwarire karemano cyangwa kugera hanze. Uku kwifungisha ntabwo guhungabanya ubuzima bwabo gusa ahubwo binababuza amahirwe yo gusabana, gushakisha, no kwishora hamwe nibidukikije. Kubura ibidukikije bitunganyiriza ibidukikije byongera ibibazo byabo, bitera guhangayika ndetse nimyitwarire idasanzwe.
3. Kwirengagiza ibikenewe mu myitwarire: Ibikomoka ku myitwarire ivuka hamwe n’inkoko z’inkoko zikunze kwirengagizwa muri gahunda z’ubuhinzi, zishyira imbere imikorere n’ibipimo by’umusaruro kuruta imibereho y’inyamaswa. Izi nyamaswa zifite ubwenge n’imibereho yangiwe amahirwe yo kurisha, kwiyuhagira umukungugu, no kotsa - imyitwarire yingenzi iteza imbere imibereho myiza yimitekerereze kandi ikuzuza ibyifuzo byabo. Kwirengagiza ibyo bakeneye byimyitwarire bikomeza uruzinduko rwo kwamburwa no kutamburwa uburenganzira.
4. Ubwikorezi bwa kimuntu: Inkoko za broiler zihanganira ingendo zitoroshye iyo zijyanywe ari muzima ziva mu mirima zijya mu ibagiro, akenshi zikaba zifite ibibazo bitoroshye, gufata nabi, no guhura n’igihe kirekire. Ubwinshi bwinyoni zitwarwa buri mwaka na miliyari zongera ibibazo bya logistique, bikongera ibyago byo gukomeretsa, umunaniro, nimpfu. Kunanirwa kubahiriza ibipimo byubwikorezi byongera umubabaro watewe nizi nyamaswa zitishoboye.
5. Uburyo bwo Kwica Biteye ubwoba: Icyiciro cya nyuma cyurugendo rwinkoko broiler gikunze kurangwa namakuba akomeye yo kubaga, aho bahura nuburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza bushobora gutera ububabare nububabare bitari ngombwa. Imigenzo gakondo yo kubaga, harimo amashanyarazi atangaje no gukata umuhogo, irashobora kunanirwa gutuma inyoni zitamenyekana neza, biganisha kumibabaro igihe kirekire. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo kubaga bwakoreshejwe nka gaze itangaje cyangwa kwiyuhagira amazi bitera ingaruka zisanzwe iyo bidakozwe neza, bikabangamira imibereho yinyamaswa.

Muri make, inkoko za broiler muri sisitemu yo guhinga zihura n’ibibazo byinshi uhereye ku bworozi bwatoranijwe kugirango bikure vuba kugeza ubwikorezi bwa kimuntu ndetse no kubaga. Gukemura ibyo bibazo bisaba imbaraga zihuriweho n’abafatanyabikorwa bose, barimo abafata ibyemezo, abayobozi b’inganda, n’abaguzi, kugira ngo bashyire imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa, bateze imbere ubuhinzi burambye, kandi baharanira ko habaho imyitwarire myiza mu rwego rw’umusaruro. Mu kwemera no gukemura ibyo bibazo by'ingenzi, turashobora kwihatira kurema ejo hazaza h'impuhwe, ubumuntu, kandi burambye ku nkoko zororoka hamwe n'ibiremwa byose bifite imyumvire.

Ibagiro

Urugendo rwinkoko broiler zirangirira mu ibagiro, aho zihurira nigihe cyazo nkibicuruzwa bigenewe isahani yo kurya. Ibibera mu ibagiro byinshi birakaze kandi birahangayitse, inkoko zikorerwa ahantu huzuye abantu kandi huzuye urusaku mbere yo kubohwa, gutangara, no kubagwa. Umwanditsi birashoboka ko agaragaza ubugome busanzwe bwibikorwa, asaba abasomyi guhangana n’itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibinyabuzima bizima, byumva ko inkoko ari n’inyama zapakiye bikarangirira ku bubiko bwa supermarket.

Ingaruka ku bidukikije

Ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu nganda z’inkoko broiler zirenze kure cyane ubworozi bw’inkoko, zikubiyemo ibibazo bitandukanye bifitanye isano bigira uruhare mu kwangiza ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Kuva imikoreshereze ikabije y’umutungo kugeza kubyara imyanda n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, umusaruro w’inkoko nyinshi ugira uruhare runini ku bidukikije by’isi ndetse n’umutungo kamere.

Kimwe mubibazo byibanze byibidukikije bifitanye isano ninganda zinkoko broiler nugukoresha cyane amazi nibiryo. Ibikorwa binini by’inkoko bisaba amazi menshi yo kunywa, isuku, hamwe no gukonjesha, gushyira ingufu ku masoko y’amazi kandi bikagira uruhare mu kubura amazi mu turere twibasiwe n’amazi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, umusaruro w’ibihingwa ngandurarugo nka soya n'ibigori bisaba ubutaka bunini, amazi, n’ingufu ziyongera, biganisha ku gutema amashyamba, kwangiza aho gutura, no kwangirika kw’ubutaka mu turere duhingwa.

Byongeye kandi, kubyara imyanda n’ibyuka byakozwe na broiler ibikorwa byinkoko bitera ibibazo bikomeye kubidukikije. Imyanda y’inkoko, igizwe n’ifumbire, ibikoresho byo kuryamaho, n’ibiryo byasesekaye, ni isoko nyamukuru yo kwanduza intungamubiri, kwanduza ubutaka n’inzira z’amazi hamwe na azote na fosifore birenze. Amazi ava mu bworozi bw'inkoko arashobora kugira uruhare mu kurabya kwa algal, kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni, no kwangiza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu mazi yegeranye, bikaba byangiza ubuzima bw'amazi n'ubuzima bwa muntu.

Usibye guhumana kwintungamubiri, inganda zinkoko za broiler nisoko ikomeye yangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, cyane cyane metani na okiside ya nitrous. Kwangirika kw'imyanda y’inkoko irekura metani, gaze ya parike ikomeye kandi ifite ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi kurusha dioxyde de carbone mu gihe cyimyaka 20. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ifumbire ishingiye kuri azote mu kugaburira ibihingwa bigira uruhare mu gusohora imyuka ya azote, gaze ya parike ikubye inshuro zirenga 300 kuruta dioxyde de carbone.

Ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu nganda z’inkoko za broiler zongerewe kandi n’ingufu nyinshi zikomoka ku nkoko no gutunganya. Kuva mu mikorere ya sisitemu yo gushyushya, guhumeka, no gukonjesha mu mazu y’inkoko kugeza mu gutwara no gutunganya inyama z’inkoko, inganda zishingiye cyane ku bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima kandi bigira uruhare mu myuka ihumanya ikirere no guhumanya ikirere.

Mu gusoza, ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu nganda z’inkoko za broiler ni impande nyinshi kandi zigera kure, zikubiyemo ibibazo nko gukoresha amazi, kwanduza intungamubiri, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no gukoresha ingufu. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke bisaba imbaraga zihuriweho hagamijwe kunoza iterambere rirambye no kugabanya ibidukikije by’umusaruro w’inkoko, mu gihe hanarebwa ingaruka nini zo kubungabunga ibidukikije no guhangana n’ikirere. Mugukurikiza uburyo bwangiza ibidukikije no gushyigikira ubundi buryo bwo guhinga inkoko zisanzwe, turashobora gukora kugirango gahunda y'ibiribwa irambye kandi ihamye ifasha abantu ndetse nisi.

Guteza imbere Impinduka

Gutezimbere impinduka mubikorwa byinkoko broiler bisaba inzira zinyuranye zita kumyitwarire, ibidukikije, n'imibereho myiza y’inkoko. Mu kuzamura imyumvire, guharanira ivugurura rya politiki, gushyigikira ubundi buryo burambye, no guha imbaraga abaguzi, abafatanyabikorwa barashobora gufatanya guteza imbere impinduka nziza no gushyiraho gahunda y’ibiribwa y’ubumuntu kandi irambye.

1. Gukangurira Kumenya: Imwe muntambwe yambere mugutezimbere impinduka nukuzamura imyumvire yibintu byihishe byumusaruro winkoko broiler. Kwigisha abaguzi, abafata ibyemezo, n’abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda ibijyanye n’imyitwarire, ibidukikije, n’imibereho y’umusaruro w’inkoko rusange birashobora gufasha guteza imbere gufata ibyemezo no gutangiza ibiganiro byerekeranye n’impinduka.
2. Kunganira ivugurura rya politiki: Politiki igira uruhare runini mugushiraho imikorere nubuziranenge bwinganda zinkoko. Imbaraga zubuvugizi zigamije guteza imbere amabwiriza y’imibereho y’inyamaswa, kurengera ibidukikije, hamwe n’ubuhinzi burambye burashobora gufasha guhindura impinduka zifatika mu nganda. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ubuvugizi bw’imibereho myiza y’inkoko zororoka, amabwiriza yo kugabanya umwanda ukomoka ku bikorwa by’inkoko, hamwe n’ubushake bwo kwimukira mu buryo burambye bwo guhinga.
3. Gushyigikira ubundi buryo burambye: Gushyigikira ubundi buryo burambye kubyara inkoko zisanzwe za broiler ningirakamaro mugutezimbere impinduka nziza muruganda. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo gushora imari mubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ubundi buryo bwa poroteyine, nkibisimbuza inyama zishingiye ku bimera cyangwa inyama zishingiye ku muco, zitanga ubundi buryo bw’imyitwarire n’ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa by’inkoko gakondo. Byongeye kandi, gushyigikira ibikorwa by’inkoko ntoya n’inzuri bishobora gufasha guteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye kandi bw’ikiremwamuntu.
4. Guha imbaraga abaguzi: Abaguzi bafite uruhare runini mu gutwara ibyifuzo byo guhitamo ibiryo byiza kandi birambye. Guha imbaraga abakiriya amakuru ajyanye n'ingaruka zo guhitamo ibiryo no gutanga uburyo bwo gukora neza kandi bushingiye ku bidukikije burashobora gufasha gutwara isoko ku bicuruzwa by’inkoko bifite inshingano. Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibikorwa byerekana gukorera mu mucyo ku mibereho y’inyamaswa n’imikorere y’ibidukikije, ndetse n’ubukangurambaga bugamije kwigisha abaguzi hagamijwe gukangurira abantu kumenya ibyiza byo guhitamo ibiryo birambye.
5. Igikorwa cyo gufatanya: Guteza imbere impinduka mu nganda z’inkoko zisaba ingamba zifatanije n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye, barimo abahinzi, abayobozi b’inganda, abafata ibyemezo, amatsinda yunganira, n’abaguzi. Mugukorera hamwe kugirango tumenye intego rusange, dusangire ibikorwa byiza, kandi dutezimbere ibisubizo bishya, abafatanyabikorwa barashobora guhuriza hamwe impinduka nziza kandi bagashiraho ejo hazaza harambye kandi h’ubumuntu kubyara inkoko broiler.

Gutezimbere impinduka mubikorwa byinkoko broiler bisaba imbaraga zihuriweho nabafatanyabikorwa bose babigizemo uruhare. Mu kuzamura imyumvire, guharanira ivugurura rya politiki, gushyigikira ubundi buryo burambye, guha ubushobozi abaguzi, no guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubufatanye, abafatanyabikorwa barashobora gufatanya mu guteza imbere impinduka zishingiye kuri gahunda no gushyiraho gahunda y’ibiribwa y’imyitwarire myiza, ibidukikije, ndetse n’imibereho myiza.

Umwanzuro

Urugendo rwinkoko za broiler kuva mubyumba kugeza ku isahani yo kurya zirangwa nububabare no gukoreshwa, uhereye kumoko ya genoside ushyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho y’inyamaswa kugeza ubuhinzi bwimbitse bushyira imbere kuruta impuhwe. Ingaruka ku bidukikije ku musaruro w’inkoko broiler zirenze kure ubworozi bw’inkoko, zikubiyemo ibibazo nko gukoresha amazi, kwanduza intungamubiri, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no gukoresha ingufu.

Ariko, hagati yibi bibazo hashobora kubaho impinduka nziza. Mu kuzamura imyumvire, guharanira ivugurura rya politiki, gushyigikira ubundi buryo burambye, guha ubushobozi abaguzi, no guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubufatanye, abafatanyabikorwa barashobora gufatanya gushyiraho gahunda y’ibiribwa y’ikiremwamuntu, imyitwarire myiza, kandi irambye. Binyuze mu mbaraga rusange, turashobora kwihatira kugabanya ububabare bw’inkoko zororoka, kugabanya ibidukikije by’umusaruro w’inkoko, no guteza imbere ejo hazaza h’impuhwe kandi zihamye zo gutanga umusaruro.