Inyamaswa

Iki cyiciro gisuzuma uburyo inyamaswa-ibyiyumvo, ibiremwa bitekereza-bigira ingaruka kuri sisitemu twubaka n'imyizerere dushyigikira. Hirya no hino mu nganda n’umuco, inyamaswa ntizifatwa nkabantu ku giti cyabo, ahubwo zifatwa nkibice by’umusaruro, imyidagaduro, cyangwa ubushakashatsi. Ubuzima bwabo bwamarangamutima bwirengagijwe, amajwi yabo araceceka. Binyuze muri iki gice, dutangiye gusobanura ibyo bitekerezo no kuvumbura inyamaswa nkubuzima bwumutima: bushobora gukunda, kubabara, amatsiko, no guhuza. Nugusubiramo abo twize kutabona.
Ibyiciro biri muri iki gice bitanga ibyiciro byinshi byerekana uburyo ibibi bisanzwe kandi bishyirwa mubikorwa. Inyamanswa zinyamaswa ziraduhatira kumenya ubuzima bwimbere bwinyamaswa na siyanse ibishyigikira. Imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa n’uburenganzira bibaza amahame mbwirizamuco kandi bikerekana inzira zo kuvugurura no kwibohora. Ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugaragaza bumwe muburyo bukabije bwo gukoresha inyamaswa-aho gukora neza birenze impuhwe. Mu bibazo, dukurikirana uburyo bwinshi bwubugome bwashyizwe mubikorwa byabantu - kuva ku kato no ku munyururu kugeza ku bizamini bya laboratoire no mu ibagiro - byerekana uburyo ako karengane gakabije.
Nyamara intego y'iki gice ntabwo ari ugushyira ahagaragara ubugome gusa, ahubwo ni ugukingura inzira igana impuhwe, inshingano, n'impinduka. Iyo twemeye kumva inyamaswa hamwe na sisitemu zibangiza, natwe tubona imbaraga zo guhitamo ukundi. Ni ubutumire bwo guhindura ibitekerezo byacu - kuva kuganza kugera kububaha, kuva mubi kugana mubwumvikane.

Gukoresha inyamaswa nikibazo gikwirakwira muri societe yacu ibinyejana byinshi. Kuva gukoresha inyamaswa ibiryo, imyambaro, imyidagaduro, hamwe nubushakashatsi, gukoresha inyamaswa bimaze gushinga imizi mumico yacu. Bimaze kuba ibisanzwe kuburyo benshi muri twe tutabitekerezaho kabiri. Dukunze kubishimangira tuvuga tuti: "buriwese arabikora," cyangwa nukwizera gusa ko inyamaswa ari ibiremwa bito bigamije kuduha ibyo dukeneye. Nyamara, iyi mitekerereze ntabwo yangiza inyamaswa gusa ahubwo inangiza compas yacu. Igihe kirageze cyo kwigobotora iyi nzitizi yo gukoresha no gutekereza ku mibanire yacu n’inyamaswa. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzareba uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha inyamaswa, ingaruka bigira kuri iyi si no kubayituye, nuburyo dushobora gufatanyiriza hamwe kwigobotora iyi nzitizi yangiza. Igihe kirageze ngo tujye kuri…

Hamwe no kurushaho kumenya ingaruka mbi ziterwa na buri munsi ku bidukikije no ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, gukoresha imyitwarire myiza byabaye ingingo nyamukuru muri iki gihe. Mugihe duhuye n'ingaruka z'ibikorwa byacu, ni ngombwa kongera gusuzuma amahitamo y'ibiryo ndetse n'ingaruka zabyo. Mu myaka yashize, guteza imbere indyo ishingiye ku bimera byongerewe imbaraga mu rwego rwo kugabanya ibirenge byacu bya karubone no guteza imbere imyitwarire y’inyamaswa. Iyi ngingo izasesengura impamvu zinyuranye zituma kwimukira mu biryo bishingiye ku bimera bishobora kugira uruhare mu mibereho irambye kandi y’imyitwarire. Tuzasesengura inyungu z’ibidukikije zo kugabanya inyama n’amata y’amata, hamwe n’imyitwarire ishingiye ku nganda z’ubuhinzi bw’amatungo. Byongeye kandi, tuzasuzuma uburyo bugenda bwiyongera bwibindi bishingiye ku bimera n'ingaruka bigira ku buzima bwacu ndetse n'imibereho rusange y'isi. Na…

Mu myaka yashize, ijambo "bunny hugger" ryakoreshejwe mu gushinyagurira no gupfobya abaharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa n'imibereho myiza. Byahindutse ikirango gisebanya, bivuze uburyo bukabije bwamarangamutima no kudashyira mu gaciro kurinda inyamaswa. Nyamara, iyi myumvire ifunganye kandi yirengagiza abaharanira inyamaswa ntishobora kumenya imbaraga zikomeye ari ibikomoka ku bimera. Kurenga ku myumvire ya "bunny huggers", ibikomoka ku bimera ni urugendo rugenda rwiyongera kandi rukagira uruhare runini mu guharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa. Kuva ku myitwarire y’inyamaswa kugeza ku bidukikije, hari impamvu nyinshi zituma ibikomoka ku bimera bigomba gufatanwa uburemere nkimbaraga zikomeye zimpinduka. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma impamvu zituma ibikomoka ku bimera ari ikintu cyingenzi cy’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa n’uburyo bitoroshye uko ibintu bimeze muri sosiyete yacu. Tuzareba ingaruka ziterwa n’ibikomoka ku bimera ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, ibidukikije,…

Inyanja ifite hejuru ya 70% yubuso bwisi kandi ibamo ubuzima butandukanye bwamazi yo mumazi. Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cy’ibikomoka ku nyanja cyatumye ubworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi bwiyongera nk’uburobyi burambye. Iyi mirima, izwi kandi ku bworozi bw'amafi, bakunze kuvugwa nk'igisubizo cyo kuroba cyane ndetse n'uburyo bwo guhaza ibikenerwa byo mu nyanja bigenda byiyongera. Nyamara, munsi yubuso hari ukuri kwijimye kwingaruka iyi mirima igira kubidukikije byamazi. Nubwo bisa nkibisubizo hejuru, ukuri nuko ubworozi bwinyanja n’amafi bushobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije ndetse ninyamaswa zita inyanja murugo. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacengera cyane mu bworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi kandi dushyire ahagaragara ingaruka zihishe zibangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. Kuva mu gukoresha antibiotike n'imiti yica udukoko kugeza…

Ibikomoka ku bimera ntibirenze guhitamo imirire - byerekana ubwitange bukomeye bwimyitwarire n’imyitwarire yo kugabanya ibibi no gutsimbataza impuhwe ibiremwa byose bifite imyumvire, cyane cyane inyamaswa. Muri rusange, ibikomoka ku bimera birwanya abantu kuva kera bakunze gukoresha inyamaswa ibiryo, imyambaro, imyidagaduro, nizindi ntego. Ahubwo, iharanira imibereho yemera agaciro kinyamanswa kavukire, atari nkibicuruzwa, ahubwo nkibinyabuzima bifite ubushobozi bwo kubabara, umunezero, n amarangamutima menshi. Mugukurikiza ibikomoka ku bimera, abantu ntibafata ibyemezo byimyitwarire gusa ahubwo banakorana umwete kugirango bahuze impuhwe ninyamaswa, bahindure uburyo societe ikorana nubwami bwinyamaswa. Kubona Inyamaswa nkabantu ku giti cyabo Imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye ziterwa n’ibikomoka ku bimera ni ihinduka ritera mu buryo abantu babona inyamaswa. Mu bihugu aho usanga inyamaswa zigurishwa cyane kubera inyama zazo, uruhu, ubwoya, cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa, inyamaswa zigaragara binyuze muri utilitarian…

Guhinga uruganda bimaze kuba akamenyero gakomeye, guhindura uburyo abantu bakorana ninyamaswa no guhindura umubano wacu nabo muburyo bwimbitse. Ubu buryo bwo gutanga inyama nyinshi, amata, n'amagi bishyira imbere gukora neza ninyungu kuruta imibereho myiza yinyamaswa. Mugihe imirima yinganda ikura nini kandi igatera imbere mu nganda, bituma habaho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yabantu ninyamaswa turya. Mugabanye inyamaswa kubicuruzwa gusa, ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugoreka imyumvire yacu yinyamanswa nkibinyabuzima bifite imyumvire ikwiye kubahwa nimpuhwe. Iyi ngingo irasobanura uburyo ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugira ingaruka mbi ku isano dufitanye n’inyamaswa ndetse n’ingaruka zagutse z’imyitwarire. Kwamburwa inyamaswa Intandaro yo guhinga uruganda ni ugutesha agaciro inyamaswa. Muri ibyo bikorwa byinganda, inyamaswa zifatwa nkibicuruzwa gusa, zititaye kubyo bakeneye cyangwa uburambe bwabo. Bakunze kugarukira ahantu hato, huzuye abantu, aho bangiwe umudendezo…

Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana ningaruka zaryo ndende ryarigishijwe cyane kandi ryanditse. Ariko, ikintu kimwe gikunze kutamenyekana ni isano iri hagati yo guhohotera abana nibikorwa byubugome bwinyamaswa. Iyi sano yagaragaye kandi yizwe ninzobere mubyerekeranye na psychologiya, sociologie, n'imibereho myiza yinyamaswa. Mu myaka yashize, ibibazo by'ubugome bw'inyamaswa byagiye byiyongera kandi bimaze kuba impungenge kuri sosiyete yacu. Ingaruka zibyo bikorwa ntabwo zigira ingaruka ku nyamaswa zinzirakarengane gusa ahubwo zigira n'ingaruka zikomeye kubantu bakora ibikorwa nkibi. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi butandukanye bwakozwe nubuzima busanzwe, byagaragaye ko hari isano rikomeye hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa abana nibikorwa byubugome bwinyamaswa. Iyi ngingo igamije gucengera cyane muriyi ngingo no gucukumbura impamvu zitera iri sano. Gusobanukirwa iyi sano ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde ibikorwa bizaza…

Mu myaka yashize, igitekerezo cy’ubuhinzi bw’akagari, kizwi kandi ku nyama zatewe na laboratoire, cyitabiriwe cyane nkigisubizo cy’ibibazo by’ibiribwa byugarije isi. Ubu buryo bushya burimo gukura inyama zinyamanswa muri laboratoire, bivanaho gukenera ubworozi gakondo. Nubwo inyungu z’ibidukikije n’imyitwarire y’ubuhinzi bw’utugari zemewe cyane, habaye ubushakashatsi buke ku ngaruka zishobora guterwa no kurya inyama zikuze muri laboratoire. Nkuko iryo koranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere no kugira imbaraga mu bucuruzi, ni ngombwa gusuzuma no gusobanukirwa ingaruka zishobora guteza ubuzima ku bantu no ku nyamaswa. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzareba uko ubuhinzi bwifashe muri iki gihe tunaganira ku ngaruka zishobora kugira ku buzima zishobora kugira ku baguzi no kuri gahunda nini y'ibiribwa. Mugihe icyifuzo cyo kongera umusaruro urambye kandi wimyitwarire myiza, ni ngombwa gusuzuma neza ibice byose byubuhinzi bwi selire kugirango…

Ubugome bw’inyamaswa ni ikibazo gikwirakwira mu baturage mu binyejana byinshi, aho ibiremwa by’inzirakarengane bitabarika byahohotewe, kutita ku bikorwa, no gukoreshwa nabi. Nubwo hashyizweho ingamba zo gukumira iyi ngeso mbi, iracyari ikibazo cyiganje mu bice byinshi byisi. Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga, ubu hariho urumuri rwicyizere mukurwanya ubugome bwinyamaswa. Kuva muburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura amakuru kugeza kubuhanga bushya bwo gusesengura amakuru, ikoranabuhanga rihindura uburyo twegera iki kibazo cyingutu. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga mu kurwanya ubugome bw’inyamaswa no kurinda icyubahiro n’imibereho myiza ya bagenzi bacu. Tuzareba kandi ingaruka ku myitwarire y’iri terambere n’uruhare abantu, imiryango, na guverinoma bigira mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ku nyungu nyinshi. Hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, turimo tubona impinduka igana kuri byinshi…