Guhinga Uruganda - Humane Foundation

Ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugaragaza ibintu byihishe mubuhinzi bwinyamanswa zigezweho - sisitemu yubatswe kubwinyungu nini ititaye ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, ubuzima bw’ibidukikije, ndetse n’inshingano z’imyitwarire. Muri iki gice, turasuzuma uburyo inyamaswa nkinka, ingurube, inkoko, amafi, nizindi nyinshi zororerwa mubihe bifunze cyane, byinganda zagenewe gukora neza, ntabwo ari impuhwe. Kuva akivuka kugeza yiciwe, ibyo biremwa bifite imyumvire bifatwa nkibice byumusaruro aho kuba abantu bafite ubushobozi bwo kubabara, gushinga ubumwe, cyangwa kwishora mubikorwa bisanzwe.
Buri cyiciro kigaragaza uburyo bwihariye ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugira ingaruka kumoko atandukanye. Twagaragaje ubugome bwihishe inyuma y’amata n’inka, ububabare bwo mu mutwe bwihanganiye ingurube, ubuzima bubi bw’ubworozi bw’inkoko, imibabaro yirengagijwe y’inyamaswa zo mu mazi, hamwe no kugurisha ihene, inkwavu, n’andi matungo yororerwa. Haba binyuze muburyo bwa genetike, ubwinshi bwabantu, gutemagurwa nta anesteziya, cyangwa umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwihuse butera ubumuga bubabaza, ubuhinzi bwuruganda bushyira imbere umusaruro kuruta imibereho myiza.
Mugushyira ahagaragara ibyo bikorwa, iki gice kirwanya imyumvire isanzwe yubuhinzi bwinganda nkibikenewe cyangwa karemano. Irahamagarira abasomyi guhangana n’igiciro cy’inyama zihenze, amagi, n’amata - atari mu bijyanye gusa n’imibabaro y’inyamaswa, ahubwo ni ibijyanye no kwangiza ibidukikije, ingaruka z’ubuzima rusange, no kudahuza umuco. Guhinga uruganda ntabwo ari uburyo bwo guhinga gusa; ni gahunda yisi yose isaba kugenzurwa byihutirwa, kuvugurura, kandi amaherezo, guhinduka muburyo bwiza bwibiryo kandi birambye.

Inyanja ifite hejuru ya 70% yubuso bwisi kandi ibamo ubuzima butandukanye bwamazi yo mumazi. Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cy’ibikomoka ku nyanja cyatumye ubworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi bwiyongera nk’uburobyi burambye. Iyi mirima, izwi kandi ku bworozi bw'amafi, bakunze kuvugwa nk'igisubizo cyo kuroba cyane ndetse n'uburyo bwo guhaza ibikenerwa byo mu nyanja bigenda byiyongera. Nyamara, munsi yubuso hari ukuri kwijimye kwingaruka iyi mirima igira kubidukikije byamazi. Nubwo bisa nkibisubizo hejuru, ukuri nuko ubworozi bwinyanja n’amafi bushobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije ndetse ninyamaswa zita inyanja murugo. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacengera cyane mu bworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi kandi dushyire ahagaragara ingaruka zihishe zibangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. Kuva mu gukoresha antibiotike n'imiti yica udukoko kugeza…

Ingurube, izwiho ubwenge nuburebure bwamarangamutima, yihanganira imibabaro idashoboka muri gahunda yo guhinga uruganda. Kuva mubikorwa byo gupakira urugomo kugeza kubintu bitwara abantu nuburyo bwo kubaga abantu, ubuzima bwabo bugufi burangwa nubugome budashira. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri gukabije guhura n’izi nyamaswa zumva, zigaragaza ko byihutirwa impinduka mu nganda zishyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho myiza

Inkoko zirokoka ibintu biteye ubwoba byamazu ya broiler cyangwa akazu ka batiri akenshi bakorerwa ubugome bukabije kuko bajyanwa mubagiro. Izi nkoko, zororerwa gukura vuba kugirango zitange inyama, zihanganira ubuzima bwo kwifungisha bikabije nububabare bwumubiri. Nyuma yo kwihanganira ibintu byinshi, byanduye mumasuka, urugendo rwabo kubagiro ntakintu kibi kirimo. Buri mwaka, amamiriyoni yinkoko arwara amababa namaguru bivuye kumikorere mibi bahura nabyo mugihe cyo gutwara. Izi nyoni zoroshye akenshi zijugunywa hirya no hino nabi, bigatera imvune numubabaro. Kenshi na kenshi, kuva amaraso kugeza apfuye, ntibashobora kurokoka ihahamuka ryo guhurira mu bisanduku byuzuye abantu. Urugendo rugana ibagiro, rushobora kurambura ibirometero amagana, rwiyongera ku mibabaro. Inkoko zapakiwe cyane mu kato nta mwanya wo kwimuka, kandi nta biryo cyangwa amazi bahabwa…

Amamiriyoni y'inka yihanganira imibabaro myinshi mu nganda z’inyama n’amata, ibibazo byabo ahanini bikaba bitagaragara mu bantu. Kuva aho abantu buzuye, buzuye amakamyo atwara abantu kugeza ibihe byanyuma biteye ubwoba mu ibagiro, izo nyamaswa zumva zihura n’uburangare n’ubugome bidasubirwaho. Yanze ibikenerwa byibanze nkibiryo, amazi, nuburuhukiro mugihe cyurugendo rurerure mugihe cyikirere gikabije, benshi bahitanwa numunaniro cyangwa ibikomere mbere yuko bagera aho berekeza. Mu ibagiro, ibikorwa biterwa ninyungu akenshi bituma inyamaswa ziguma zifite ubwenge mugihe cyubugome. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ihohoterwa rishingiye ku nganda ryashinze imizi muri izo nganda mu gihe riharanira ko abantu barushaho kumenyekana no guhindura amahitamo ashingiye ku bimera nk'inzira y'impuhwe zitera imbere

Buri mwaka, amamiriyoni y’inyamaswa zo mu murima yihanganira ingendo zitoroshye mu bucuruzi bw’amatungo ku isi, yihishe mu ruhame nyamara yuzuye imibabaro idashoboka. Yuzuye mu gikamyo cyuzuye abantu, amato, cyangwa indege, ibyo biremwa bifite imyumvire ihura n’ibihe bibi - ikirere gikabije, umwuma, umunaniro - byose bidafite ibiryo bihagije cyangwa ikiruhuko. Kuva ku nka n'ingurube kugeza ku nkoko n'inkwavu, nta bwoko bwarokotse ubugome bwo gutwara inyamaswa nzima. Iyi myitozo ntabwo itera impungenge z’imyitwarire n’imibereho gusa ahubwo inagaragaza kunanirwa muri gahunda mu kubahiriza amahame y’ubuvuzi bwa kimuntu. Mugihe abaguzi barushijeho kumenya ubwo bugome bwihishe, ihamagarwa ryimpinduka riragenda ryiyongera - bisaba kubazwa no kugirirwa impuhwe mu nganda ziterwa ninyungu bitwaje ubuzima bwinyamaswa

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, buzwi kandi nk'ubuhinzi mu nganda, bwabaye ihame mu musaruro w'ibiribwa ku isi. Nubwo ishobora gusezeranya gukora neza nigiciro gito, ukuri kwinyamanswa mumirima yinganda ntakintu na kimwe giteye ubwoba. Ingurube, zikunze gufatwa nkibiremwa bifite ubwenge buhanitse kandi byimibereho, bihanganira bimwe mubikorwa byubugome nubumuntu muri ibi bigo. Iyi ngingo izasesengura uburyo butandatu bwubugome bwingurube zikoreshwa nabi mumirima yinganda, bikamurikira ubugome bwihishe bubera inyuma yumuryango. Ibisanduku byo gusama Gahunda yo korora amatungo kubiryo nimwe mubikorwa bikoreshwa cyane mubuhinzi bwinganda. Ingurube z'abagore, zizwi ku izina rya "kubiba," zikoreshwa mu buhinzi bw'uruganda cyane cyane ku bushobozi bw'imyororokere. Izi nyamaswa zatewe inshuro nyinshi binyuze mu gutera intanga, bigatuma havuka imyanda ishobora kubara ingurube zigera kuri 12 icyarimwe. Iyi myororokere yitonze…

Ibisanduku byo gusama ku ngurube ni umuco utavugwaho rumwe cyane mu bworozi bwa kijyambere. Iyi myanya mito, ifunzwe ikoreshwa mu kubamo ingurube, cyangwa kubiba, mugihe batwite. Imyitozo yateje impaka zishingiye ku mibereho y’inyamaswa, kuko akenshi zitera umubabaro mwinshi ku mubiri no mu mutwe ku nyamaswa zirimo. Iyi ngingo irasobanura neza ibisanduku byo gusama aribyo, impamvu bikoreshwa mubuhinzi bwinganda, nibibazo byimyitwarire bazamura. Ibisanduku byo gusama ni iki? Ibisanduku byo gusama, byitwa kandi aho babiba, ni bito, bifungiwe mu cyuma cyangwa insinga zagenewe gufata ingurube zitwite (kubiba) mu buhinzi bw’inganda. Utwo dusanduku twakozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo tubuze imbuto igihe atwite, bitanga umwanya muto wo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Ubusanzwe gupima uburebure butarenze metero ebyiri z'ubugari na metero zirindwi z'uburebure, igishushanyo ni gito, nkana kubiba umwanya uhagije wo guhagarara cyangwa kubeshya…

Amazi yo mu nyanja ni ibiryo by'ibiryo byo ku isi, ariko urugendo rwayo ku masahani yacu akenshi ruza ku giciro cyihishe. Inyuma yo gukwega imizingo ya sushi hamwe n’amafi yuzuye amafi hari inganda zuzuyemo ibicuruzwa, aho usanga kuroba cyane, ibikorwa byangiza, hamwe no gufata nabi inyamaswa zo mu mazi. Kuva mu bworozi bw'amafi bwuzuye abantu benshi kugeza ku ifatwa ridasobanutse mu rushundura runini rwo kuroba, ibiremwa bitabarika byihanganira imibabaro myinshi itagaragara. Mu gihe ibiganiro by’imibereho y’inyamanswa byibanda ku moko ashingiye ku butaka, ubuzima bwo mu nyanja buracyirengagizwa nubwo bwifashe nabi cyane. Mugihe ubukangurambaga bugenda bwiyongera kuri ubwo bugizi bwa nabi bwirengagijwe, hagenda hahamagarwa uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa zo mu mazi no guhitamo inyanja zo mu nyanja - bitanga ibyiringiro ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja ndetse n’ubuzima babamo.

Kuva kera cyane, umugani uvuga ko amafi adashobora kumva ububabare byagaragaje ubugome bukabije mu kuroba no mu bworozi bw'amafi. Nyamara, ibimenyetso byinshi bya siyansi byerekana ukuri gutandukanye cyane: amafi afite imiterere yimitsi ndetse nigisubizo cyimyitwarire ikenewe muguhura nububabare, ubwoba, numubabaro. Kuva mu bucuruzi bw’uburobyi butera imibabaro igihe kirekire kugeza kuri gahunda y’ubuhinzi bw’amafi yuzuyemo ibibazo n’indwara, amamiliyaridi y’amafi yihanganira ingaruka zitavugwa buri mwaka. Iyi ngingo yibanda ku bumenyi bwihishe inyuma y’amafi, iragaragaza amakosa y’imyitwarire y’inganda, kandi idusaba kongera gutekereza ku mibanire yacu n’ubuzima bwo mu mazi - irasaba guhitamo impuhwe zishyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa kuruta kuyikoresha.

Ingurube zimaze igihe kinini zifitanye isano nubuzima bwubuhinzi, akenshi zandikwa nkinyamaswa zanduye, zidafite ubwenge. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwa vuba burwanya iyi myumvire, byerekana ko ingurube zishobora kuba nziza kuruta uko twabitekerezaga. Mubyukuri, ingurube zerekana ubushobozi bwubwenge buhanganye nubwa primates zimwe. Iyi ngingo yinjiye mu isi yo kumenya ingurube, ikora ubushakashatsi bwerekana ibimenyetso byerekana ingurube nkibiremwa bifite ubwenge buhanitse bushobora imyitwarire igoye no gukemura ibibazo. Ingurube zifite ubwenge? Nukuri rwose, ingurube ninyamaswa zifite ubwenge! Imyaka myinshi yubushakashatsi no kwitegereza byatanze ibimenyetso bifatika byubushobozi bwabo bwo kumenya. Ingurube ntizigoye mumarangamutima gusa ahubwo zirashobora no kubona amarangamutima atandukanye asa nabantu, harimo umunezero, umunezero, ubwoba, no guhangayika. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwibuka burashimishije, kandi barashobora kugumana amakuru yingenzi mugihe kinini. Ubu bushobozi bwo kwibuka bugira uruhare runini mugukemura ibibazo no guhuza n'imiterere. Mu mibereho, ingurube zerekana iterambere…