Kwipimisha Inyamaswa - Humane Foundation

Kwipimisha inyamaswa bikomeje kuba kimwe mubikorwa bitavugwaho rumwe mu masangano ya siyanse, imyitwarire, niterambere ryabantu. Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, amamiriyoni y’inyamaswa, harimo imbeba, inkwavu, primates, n'imbwa - yakorewe ubushakashatsi muri laboratoire ku isi, akenshi yihanganira ububabare, kwifungisha, ndetse no gupfa hakiri kare. Ubu buryo bukorwa mwizina ryiterambere ryubuvuzi, kurinda umutekano wibicuruzwa, no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya. Nyamara inyuma yinkuta zidafite aho zihurira nubushakashatsi, inyamaswa zifite imibabaro myinshi, zitera ibibazo byihutirwa kubyerekeye imyitwarire nibikenewe mubikorwa nkibi.
Mu gihe abayishyigikiye bavuga ko kwipimisha inyamaswa byagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubuvuzi n’umutekano w’abaguzi, ibimenyetso bigenda byiyongera bigaragaza aho bigarukira ndetse n’imyitwarire idahwitse. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwananiwe guhindura neza ibinyabuzima byabantu, bitera gushidikanya kubwizerwa bwabo. Muri icyo gihe, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga-nk'urugingo-kuri-chip, imiterere ya mudasobwa igezweho, hamwe n'ingirabuzimafatizo z'umuntu - bitanga ubundi buryo bwa kimuntu kandi akenshi busobanutse neza. Iterambere rirwanya imyumvire ishaje ivuga ko gupima inyamaswa ari ngombwa kandi byerekana inzira igana ku iterambere rya siyansi nta bugome.
Iki cyiciro cyiga ku myitwarire, siyanse, n’amategeko mu gupima inyamaswa, kumurika imibabaro irimo ndetse n amahirwe yo kuyisimbuza uburyo bwimpuhwe, bugezweho. Mugusuzuma amabwiriza ariho, imikorere yinganda, nimbaraga zubuvugizi, irashimangira ko byihutirwa kwihutisha inzibacyuho iva mubushakashatsi bushingiye ku nyamaswa. Ubwanyuma, gukemura ibizamini byinyamaswa ntabwo ari uguteza imbere siyanse gusa ahubwo no guhuza udushya nindangagaciro zubutabera, impuhwe, no kubaha ibinyabuzima byose.

Mu myaka yashize, isi yiboneye impinduka zikomeye mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse, cyane cyane mubijyanye no kwipimisha no kwisiga. Kwipimisha inyamaswa gakondo, bimaze kugaragara nkuburyo bukenewe bwo kurinda umutekano n’ibikorwa by’ibicuruzwa, biragenda bigorana kubera uburyo bwo gupima inyamaswa. Ubundi buryo bushya bwo guhanga udushya ntibusezeranya gusa kuba abantu gusa ahubwo byihuta, bihendutse, kandi byizewe kuruta bagenzi babo bashingiye ku nyamaswa. Imico y'utugari Imico y'akagari yabaye igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi bugezweho, bufasha abahanga gukura no kwiga ingirabuzimafatizo z'abantu n'inyamaswa hanze y'umubiri. Mubyukuri ubwoko bwose bwingirabuzimafatizo zabantu ninyamaswa, kuva selile zuruhu kugeza neuron na selile yumwijima, birashobora guterwa neza muri laboratoire. Ibi byatumye abashakashatsi bashakisha imikorere yimbere ya selile muburyo butari bushoboka. Imico y'utugari ihingwa mu biryo bya petri cyangwa flasque zuzuye…

Kwipimisha inyamaswa bimaze igihe kinini bivugwaho rumwe, hamwe n’impungenge nyinshi ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’imibabaro yatewe n’inyamaswa. Ibi bizamini bikorerwa mubice bitandukanye nkubuvuzi, kwisiga, numutekano wimiti. Mu gihe bamwe bavuga ko gupima inyamaswa ari ngombwa kugira ngo habeho iterambere mu bumenyi, abandi bemeza ko bitera ingaruka mbi ku biremwa bifite imyumvire. Iyi ngingo igamije kumenya ubwoko bwipimisha inyamaswa, imibabaro irimo, hamwe n’imyitwarire ikikije imyitozo. Ubwoko bwo Kwipimisha Amavuta yo kwisiga: Amasosiyete yo kwisiga yakoresheje amateka yo gupima inyamaswa kugirango amenye umutekano wibicuruzwa byabo. Inkwavu, ingurube, n'imbeba zikoreshwa kenshi mu kurwara uruhu, kurakara amaso, no gupima uburozi. Ibi bizamini byateguwe kugirango bipime uburyo ibicuruzwa nka shampo, amavuta yo kwisiga, hamwe na maquillage bigira ingaruka kumubiri wamaso n'amaso. Nubwo hari intambwe iganisha ku bundi buryo bwo kwipimisha, uturere tumwe na tumwe twemerera kwipimisha inyamaswa zo kwisiga. Kwipimisha Uburozi: Ibizamini byuburozi ni…

Hamwe numubare munini wibicuruzwa byubwiza byuzuza isoko uyumunsi, biroroshye kumva urujijo cyangwa no kuyobywa nibitekerezo bitandukanye ibicuruzwa bitanga. Mugihe ibicuruzwa byinshi birata ibirango nka "Ubugome-Bidafite Ubusa," "Ntabwo Bipimwa ku nyamaswa," cyangwa "Imyitwarire myiza," ntabwo ibyo birego byose ari ukuri nkuko bigaragara. Hamwe namasosiyete menshi asimbuka imyitwarire, birashobora kuba ingorabahizi gutandukanya abiyemeje guteza imbere ubuzima bwinyamanswa n’abakoresha amagambo gusa yo kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi. Muri iki kiganiro, ngiye kukuyobora intambwe ku yindi inzira yo kumenya ibicuruzwa byubwiza rwose Ubugome-Buntu. Uzamenya gusoma ibirango, gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso byemeza, no gutandukanya ibirango bishyigikira byukuri uburenganzira bwinyamaswa nibishobora kuyobya abaguzi. Kurangiza iki gitabo, uzaba ufite ubumenyi nicyizere cyo kumenyesha…

Inganda zo kwisiga zimaze igihe zishingiye ku gupima inyamaswa mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano w’ibicuruzwa. Nyamara, iyi myitozo yaje gukurikiranwa cyane, itera impungenge imyitwarire nibibazo bikenewe muri iki gihe. Ubuvugizi bugenda bwiyongera kubwiza butagira ubugome bugaragaza impinduka zabaturage mubikorwa byinshi byubumuntu kandi birambye. Iyi ngingo iracengera mumateka yo gupima inyamaswa, imiterere yubu yumutekano wo kwisiga, no kuzamuka kwubundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome. Ibitekerezo byamateka kubijyanye no gupima inyamaswa Kwipimisha amatungo mu kwisiga birashobora guhera mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 igihe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu wabaye ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange. Muri kiriya gihe, kutagira protocole y’umutekano isanzwe byateje ibibazo byinshi by’ubuzima, bituma inzego n’ubuyobozi n’amasosiyete bifata ibizamini by’inyamaswa mu rwego rwo kwirinda. Ibizamini, nk'ikizamini cy'amaso ya Draize hamwe n'ibizamini byo kurwara uruhu, byakozwe kugira ngo hamenyekane uburakari n'uburozi by…

Buri mwaka, inyamaswa zirenga miliyoni 100 zihanganira imibabaro idashoboka muri laboratoire ku isi, bigatuma impaka zigenda ziyongera ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’ibikenewe kwipimisha inyamaswa. Kuva muburozi bwa chimique bwangiza kugeza uburyo butera, ibyo biremwa bifite imyumvire bikorerwa mubuzima bwa kimuntu bitwaje iterambere ryubumenyi. Nyamara, hamwe niterambere mu bundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome nko mu gupima vitro no kwigana mudasobwa bitanga ibisubizo nyabyo kandi by’ubumuntu, gukomeza kwishingikiriza ku bushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa zishaje bitera kwibaza ibibazo byihutirwa bijyanye n’imyitwarire, agaciro ka siyansi, n’ingaruka ku bidukikije. Iyi ngingo irasesengura ukuri gukomeye kwipimisha inyamaswa mugihe hagaragajwe intambwe zifatika dushobora gutera kugirango duhangane nubushakashatsi bwimyitwarire irinda inyamaswa nubuzima bwabantu

Inkwavu zikunze kugaragazwa nkikimenyetso cyinzirakarengane nubupfura, gushushanya amakarita yo kubasuhuza hamwe nibitabo byabana. Nyamara, inyuma yuru ruhande rwiza hari ukuri gukabije kuri miliyoni zinkwavu zahinzwe kwisi yose. Izi nyamaswa zibabazwa cyane mwizina ryinyungu, ibibazo byabo akenshi birengagizwa hagati yinsanganyamatsiko yagutse ku mibereho yinyamaswa. Iyi nyandiko igamije kumurika ububabare bwibagiwe ninkwavu zahinzwe, gusuzuma imiterere bihanganira ningaruka zimyitwarire yabyo. Ubuzima Kamere bw'Inkwavu Inkwavu, nk'inyamaswa zihiga, zahinduye imyitwarire yihariye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere kugira ngo ibeho aho ituye. Nibimera cyane cyane ibyatsi, birisha ibimera bitandukanye, kandi birakora cyane mugitondo na nimugoroba kugirango birinde inyamaswa zangiza. Iyo hejuru yubutaka, inkwavu zigaragaza imyitwarire yo kuba maso, nko kwicara ku maguru yinyuma kugirango isuzume akaga no kwishingikiriza ku myumvire yabo ikaze y’impumuro na peripheri…

Gukoresha inyamaswa mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse bitera impaka zikomeye zishingiye ku myitwarire, kuringaniza gukurikirana iterambere ry’ubuvuzi hamwe n’impungenge z’imibereho y’inyamaswa. Nubwo ubushakashatsi nk'ubwo bwatumye abantu barokora ubuzima ndetse n'ubushishozi bwimbitse ku binyabuzima bya muntu, binatera kwibaza ku myitwarire, gukorera mu mucyo, no gukenera ubundi buryo bwa kimuntu. Nkuko societe isaba kubazwa no guhanga udushya mubikorwa byubushakashatsi, iyi ngingo irasuzuma ingingo zerekeye no kurwanya inyamaswa, ikanasuzuma amabwiriza ariho, ikagaragaza ubundi buryo bugaragara, ikanasuzuma uburyo abashakashatsi bashobora kubahiriza amahame mbwirizamuco mugihe bateza imbere siyanse mu nshingano zabo.

Kwipimisha inyamaswa mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi byabaye umusingi witerambere ryubuvuzi, gufungura imiti irokora ubuzima no guteza imbere imyumvire yacu yindwara zikomeye. Nyamara, iracyari imwe mubikorwa bitandukanya amacakubiri muri siyansi igezweho, itera kwibaza ibibazo byimyitwarire yerekeye imibereho y’inyamaswa n’imyitwarire yo gukurikiza ibinyabuzima ubushakashatsi. Hamwe noguhamagarira gukorera mu mucyo no kuzamura ubundi buryo bushya nkubuhanga bwa tekinoroji, iki kibazo cyamakimbirane gisaba kwitabwaho byihutirwa. Gucukumbura inyungu zayo, imbogamizi, hamwe nigisubizo kigaragara byerekana amahirwe akomeye yo kuvugurura uburyo bwubushakashatsi mugihe uharanira impuhwe no kubazwa ibyavumbuwe na siyansi.