Inyamaswa

Iki cyiciro gisuzuma uburyo inyamaswa-ibyiyumvo, ibiremwa bitekereza-bigira ingaruka kuri sisitemu twubaka n'imyizerere dushyigikira. Hirya no hino mu nganda n’umuco, inyamaswa ntizifatwa nkabantu ku giti cyabo, ahubwo zifatwa nkibice by’umusaruro, imyidagaduro, cyangwa ubushakashatsi. Ubuzima bwabo bwamarangamutima bwirengagijwe, amajwi yabo araceceka. Binyuze muri iki gice, dutangiye gusobanura ibyo bitekerezo no kuvumbura inyamaswa nkubuzima bwumutima: bushobora gukunda, kubabara, amatsiko, no guhuza. Nugusubiramo abo twize kutabona.
Ibyiciro biri muri iki gice bitanga ibyiciro byinshi byerekana uburyo ibibi bisanzwe kandi bishyirwa mubikorwa. Inyamanswa zinyamaswa ziraduhatira kumenya ubuzima bwimbere bwinyamaswa na siyanse ibishyigikira. Imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa n’uburenganzira bibaza amahame mbwirizamuco kandi bikerekana inzira zo kuvugurura no kwibohora. Ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugaragaza bumwe muburyo bukabije bwo gukoresha inyamaswa-aho gukora neza birenze impuhwe. Mu bibazo, dukurikirana uburyo bwinshi bwubugome bwashyizwe mubikorwa byabantu - kuva ku kato no ku munyururu kugeza ku bizamini bya laboratoire no mu ibagiro - byerekana uburyo ako karengane gakabije.
Nyamara intego y'iki gice ntabwo ari ugushyira ahagaragara ubugome gusa, ahubwo ni ugukingura inzira igana impuhwe, inshingano, n'impinduka. Iyo twemeye kumva inyamaswa hamwe na sisitemu zibangiza, natwe tubona imbaraga zo guhitamo ukundi. Ni ubutumire bwo guhindura ibitekerezo byacu - kuva kuganza kugera kububaha, kuva mubi kugana mubwumvikane.

Imyambarire yamye ari inganda zihora zitera imbere, zihora zisunika imipaka kandi zishyiraho inzira nshya. Ariko, hagati yicyubahiro na glitz, hari impungenge zigenda zitera ingaruka kumyambarire kubidukikije. Hamwe no kuzamuka kwimyambarire yihuse ningaruka zayo mbi kuri iyi si, habaye impinduka ziganisha kumikorere irambye kandi yimyitwarire muruganda. Imwe mungendo nkiyi igenda yiyongera ni ibikomoka ku bimera, ntabwo ari uguhitamo imirire, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kubaho no guhitamo imyambarire. Igitekerezo cy’ibikomoka ku bimera, giteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa bitarangwamo inyamaswa, byageze no mu myambarire, bituma havuka ijambo "imyambarire y’ibikomoka ku bimera" cyangwa "imyenda y’ibikomoka ku bimera". Iyi myumvire ntabwo ari imyambarire irengana gusa, ahubwo ihinduka rikomeye ryerekeza kubidukikije no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzacengera cyane ku ruhare rw’ibikomoka ku bimera mu buryo burambye, dushakisha ibyiza byacyo…

Inyuma yishusho ihumuriza yibiryo byiza byumuryango hamwe nimbuto-yumurima mushya hari ukuri gukabije gukunze kutamenyekana: guhinga uruganda. Ubu buryo bwateye imbere mu musaruro w’ibiribwa bushyira imbere inyungu kuruta impuhwe, bikaviramo ubugome bukabije bw’inyamaswa, kwangiza ibidukikije, ndetse n’ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima ku baguzi. Hafi yikibanza cyabashumba duhuza nubuhinzi gakondo, imirima yinganda ikora nkimashini zidacogora zibyara umusaruro, kwigomwa imyitwarire no kuramba kugirango bikore neza. Mugihe ayo mahano yihishe akomeje gushiraho icyarangirira ku masahani yacu, ni ngombwa guhishura ukuri inyuma yiyi sisitemu no gutekereza ku zindi nzira zifatika zihuza umubumbe muzima hamwe nigihe kizaza

Shira amenyo yawe mumateka inyuma ya cheeseburger ukunda - umugani urenze kure ibice byayo biryoshye. Kuva ku nka za metani-zifata kugeza ku mashyamba aterwa no gutema amashyamba, buri kuruma bitwara ikirere cyibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku mubumbe wacu muburyo bwimbitse. Iyi ngingo yibanda cyane kubiciro byihishe mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa, byerekana uburyo cheeseburgers igira uruhare mu myuka ihumanya ikirere, ibura ry’amazi, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, no kwangiza aho gutura. Twiyunge natwe mugihe dusuzuma urugendo "Kuva mu rwuri rugana ku mubumbe," tumenye umubare wibidukikije byibi biryo byoroheje kandi bitera amahitamo arambye kubuzima bwiza bwisi

Ibura ry'inzuki ryabaye impungenge ku isi mu myaka yashize, kubera ko uruhare rwabo nk'ibyangiza ari ingenzi ku buzima no guhungabanya ibidukikije. Hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cyibiribwa byacu bitaziguye cyangwa butaziguye biterwa n’umwanda, igabanuka ry’abaturage b’inzuki ryazamuye inzogera zivuga ku buryo burambye gahunda y’ibiribwa byacu. Mu gihe hari ibintu bitandukanye bigira uruhare mu kugabanuka kwinzuki, ibikorwa byo guhinga inganda byagaragaye ko ari nyirabayazana. Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko hamwe nubuhanga bwo guhinga monoculture ntabwo byangije gusa abaturage b’inzuki, ahubwo byanabangamiye aho batuye ndetse n’isoko ry’ibiribwa. Ibi byavuyemo ingaruka za domino, ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku nzuki gusa ahubwo no ku yandi moko ndetse no kuringaniza ibidukikije. Mu gihe dukomeje gushingira ku buhinzi bw’inganda kugira ngo duhuze ibiribwa bikenerwa, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibi…

Antibiyotike yashimiwe ko ari imwe mu majyambere akomeye y’ubuvuzi mu bihe bya none, itanga igikoresho gikomeye cyo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri. Ariko, kimwe nigikoresho icyo aricyo cyose gikomeye, burigihe hariho amahirwe yo gukoresha nabi ningaruka zitateganijwe. Mu myaka yashize, gukoresha cyane no gukoresha nabi antibiyotike mu nganda z’ubuhinzi byateje ikibazo ku isi hose: kurwanya antibiyotike. Ubwiyongere bw'ubuhinzi bw'uruganda, bwibanda ku musaruro mwinshi w'amatungo mu bihe bifunze, akenshi bidafite isuku, byatumye hakoreshwa antibiyotike mu biryo by'amatungo mu rwego rwo gukumira no kuvura indwara. Nubwo ibi bisa nkaho ari ingamba zikenewe kugirango ubuzima bw’amatungo bumere neza, byagize ingaruka zitunguranye kandi zangiza ku buzima bw’inyamaswa ndetse n’abantu. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma uburyo buteye ubwoba bwo kurwanya antibiyotike no guhuza ibikorwa byo guhinga uruganda. Tuzibira muri…

Ubugome bwinyamaswa mumirima yinganda nikibazo gikomeye ningaruka zikomeye zo mumitekerereze yinyamaswa, abakozi, na societe. Inyuma y’ubuhinzi bwateye imbere mu nganda, inyamaswa zitabarika zihanganira imihangayiko idakira, ihohoterwa, no kwamburwa - bikabasiga bahahamutse kandi bafite amarangamutima. Abakozi muri ibi bidukikije bakunze guhangana nububabare bwumunaniro numunaniro wimpuhwe mugihe bagenda babona ukuri kwinshingano zabo. Ingaruka mbi ziragenda ziyongera, bigatuma abantu baterwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu gihe havuka impungenge zikomeye zishingiye ku myitwarire y’ikiremwamuntu ku bantu bafite imyumvire. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingaruka z’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe zihishe zijyanye n’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda, irasaba gutekereza ku buryo dushobora gushyira imbere impuhwe no kuramba mu gushiraho ejo hazaza h’ubumuntu.

Amata na foromaje bimaze igihe kinini bikunzwe cyane mubiryo bitabarika, byizihizwa kubera amavuta meza kandi bihumura. Ariko inyuma yibikurura ibyo bicuruzwa byamata bikunzwe haribintu byijimye bikunze kutamenyekana. Inganda z’amata n’inyama zuzuyemo ibikorwa bibabaza inyamaswa cyane, byangiza ibidukikije, kandi bitera impungenge zikomeye z’imyitwarire. Kuva ku ifungwa rikaze ry’inka kugeza ku bidukikije by’ubuhinzi bwimbitse, iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri kudashidikanywaho kwihishe inyuma yikirahuri cyamata cyangwa ibice bya foromaje. Igihe kirageze cyo gutekereza ku guhitamo kwacu, kwakira impuhwe, no gushakisha ubundi buryo burambye bujyanye nigihe kizaza cyiza ku nyamaswa ndetse nisi yacu.

Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyagaragaje ingaruka mbi z’indwara zoonotic, ari indwara zishobora kwanduza inyamaswa abantu. Hamwe n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bikomeje kuba ku isi, ikibazo kivuka: ibikorwa byo guhinga uruganda bishobora kugira uruhare mu kuvuka indwara zonotique? Ubuhinzi bwuruganda, buzwi kandi nkubuhinzi bwinganda, ni gahunda yumusaruro munini ushyira imbere inyungu ninyungu kuruta imibereho y’inyamaswa no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ubu buryo bwo gutanga ibiribwa bwabaye isoko yambere yinyama, amata, n amagi kubatuye isi biyongera. Nyamara, uko isabwa ryibikomoka ku matungo bihendutse kandi ryinshi ryiyongera, niko ibyago byo kwandura indwara zoonotic. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma isano iri hagati y’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda n’indwara zoonotike, dushakisha icyorezo cy’icyorezo kiva mu buhinzi bw’inganda ziriho ubu. Tuzasesengura ibintu by'ingenzi bituma ubuhinzi bw'uruganda bwororerwa na zoonotic…

Ubuhinzi bwuruganda ninganda zitavugwaho rumwe kandi ziteye impungenge cyane zikunze kutamenyekana nabaturage muri rusange. Nubwo abantu benshi bazi impungenge zimyitwarire yubugome bwinyamaswa, abahohotewe bahinga ubuhinzi bwuruganda bakomeje kubabazwa inyuma yumuryango. Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzacukumbura ibintu byijimye byubugome bwinyamaswa mu buhinzi bw’uruganda kandi tumenye amahano yihishe ibyo biremwa byinzirakarengane bihanganira. Ibintu Byijimye Byubugome Bwinyamanswa Mubuhinzi bwuruganda Uruganda rufite uruhare runini mubugome bwinyamaswa nububabare. Amatungo yihanganira ibintu bigoye kandi bidafite isuku mumirima yinganda, yambuwe ibyo bakeneye nuburenganzira bwabo. Gukoresha imisemburo ikura na antibiotike mubikorwa byo guhinga uruganda bikomeza kugira uruhare mububabare bwabo. Amatungo mu murima wuruganda akenshi akorerwa inzira zibabaza nta anesteziya, nko gutesha umurizo no gufunga umurizo. Iyi mikorere yubugome ikorwa gusa kugirango byorohereze…