Inyamaswa

Iki cyiciro gisuzuma uburyo inyamaswa-ibyiyumvo, ibiremwa bitekereza-bigira ingaruka kuri sisitemu twubaka n'imyizerere dushyigikira. Hirya no hino mu nganda n’umuco, inyamaswa ntizifatwa nkabantu ku giti cyabo, ahubwo zifatwa nkibice by’umusaruro, imyidagaduro, cyangwa ubushakashatsi. Ubuzima bwabo bwamarangamutima bwirengagijwe, amajwi yabo araceceka. Binyuze muri iki gice, dutangiye gusobanura ibyo bitekerezo no kuvumbura inyamaswa nkubuzima bwumutima: bushobora gukunda, kubabara, amatsiko, no guhuza. Nugusubiramo abo twize kutabona.
Ibyiciro biri muri iki gice bitanga ibyiciro byinshi byerekana uburyo ibibi bisanzwe kandi bishyirwa mubikorwa. Inyamanswa zinyamaswa ziraduhatira kumenya ubuzima bwimbere bwinyamaswa na siyanse ibishyigikira. Imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa n’uburenganzira bibaza amahame mbwirizamuco kandi bikerekana inzira zo kuvugurura no kwibohora. Ubuhinzi bwuruganda bugaragaza bumwe muburyo bukabije bwo gukoresha inyamaswa-aho gukora neza birenze impuhwe. Mu bibazo, dukurikirana uburyo bwinshi bwubugome bwashyizwe mubikorwa byabantu - kuva ku kato no ku munyururu kugeza ku bizamini bya laboratoire no mu ibagiro - byerekana uburyo ako karengane gakabije.
Nyamara intego y'iki gice ntabwo ari ugushyira ahagaragara ubugome gusa, ahubwo ni ugukingura inzira igana impuhwe, inshingano, n'impinduka. Iyo twemeye kumva inyamaswa hamwe na sisitemu zibangiza, natwe tubona imbaraga zo guhitamo ukundi. Ni ubutumire bwo guhindura ibitekerezo byacu - kuva kuganza kugera kububaha, kuva mubi kugana mubwumvikane.

Ubuhinzi bwa Octopus, igisubizo cy’ibikenerwa n’ibikomoka ku nyanja, byateje impaka zikomeye ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’ibidukikije. Iyi cephalopode ishimishije ntabwo ihabwa agaciro gusa kubwo guteka kwabo ahubwo inubahwa kubwubwenge bwabo, ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo, hamwe nimbaraga zamarangamutima - imico itera kwibaza ibibazo bikomeye kubijyanye na morale yo kubafungira muburyo bwo guhinga. Kuva ku mpungenge z’imibereho y’inyamaswa kugeza ku buryo bwagutse bwo guharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa zo mu nyanja, iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingorane zikikije ubworozi bw’amafi ya octopus. Iyo dusuzumye ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije, kugereranya n’ubuhinzi bushingiye ku butaka, no guhamagarira abantu gufata neza abantu, duhura n’ibikenewe byihutirwa gushyira mu gaciro ibyo abantu bakoresha mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu nyanja.

Menya uburyo guhitamo ibiryo bishobora gutera ingaruka zimpuhwe no kuramba. Indyo y’ibikomoka ku bimera irenze ubuzima bw’umuntu ku giti cye - ni inzira ikomeye yo kurwanya ubugome bw’inyamaswa mu gihe uteza imbere ubuzima bwiza no kwita ku bidukikije. Muguhitamo amafunguro ashingiye ku bimera, ugabanya icyifuzo cyo gukoresha inyamaswa, ugashyigikira ibikorwa bya kinder, kandi ugafasha kurinda umutungo wisi. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza isano iri hagati y’ibikomoka ku bimera n’imibereho y’inyamaswa, igaragaza imizi y’imyitwarire, ingaruka z’ibidukikije, n’ubushobozi bwo gutera umuryango w’impuhwe kurushaho. Shakisha uburyo kurya ufite intego bishobora guhindura ejo hazaza heza kubinyabuzima byose

Ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa nikibazo cyingutu cyapfukiranwe guceceka igihe kirekire. Mu gihe sosiyete yarushijeho kumenya imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa n’uburenganzira, amarorerwa abera inyuma y’imiryango ifunze mu mirima y’uruganda akomeje guhishwa cyane na rubanda. Gufata nabi no gukoresha inyamaswa muri ibyo bigo byabaye akamenyero mu gukurikirana umusaruro n’inyungu. Nyamara, imibabaro yibi biremwa byinzirakarengane ntishobora kwirengagizwa ukundi. Igihe kirageze cyo guceceka no kumurika ukuri guhungabanya ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda. Iyi ngingo izacengera mu isi yijimye yo guhinga uruganda no gucukumbura uburyo butandukanye bwo guhohoterwa bugaragara muri ibyo bigo. Kuva ku gufata nabi umubiri no mubitekerezo kugeza kutita kubikenewe byibanze nubuzima, tuzagaragaza ukuri gukomeye inyamaswa zihanganira muruganda. Byongeye kandi, tuzaganira kuri…

Injira mwisi yihishe mubuhinzi bwinganda hamwe na * Isambu kugeza Frigo: Ukuri Inyuma Yumusaruro Winyama *. James Cromwell watowe na Oscar, iyi documentaire yiminota 12 yerekana ibintu bibi byahuye n’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda, mu bworozi, no mu ibagiro. Binyuze mu mashusho akomeye n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, butanga ibisobanuro ku bikorwa byihishwa by’ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa, harimo n’uburyo butemewe n'amategeko mu mirima y’Ubwongereza no kugenzura bike. Umutungo wingenzi mukuzamura imyumvire, iyi firime irwanya imyumvire, ikongeza ibiganiro byerekeranye nimyitwarire yibiribwa, kandi ishishikarizwa guhindura impuhwe no kubazwa uburyo dufata inyamaswa.

Inganda zerekana imideli, zikunze kwizihizwa kubera guhanga no gukurura, zihisha ukuri guhungabanya munsi yacyo. Inyuma yamakoti yubwoya hamwe namashashi yimpu yerekana ibinezeza hariho isi yubugome budasanzwe ndetse no kwangiza ibidukikije. Amamiriyoni yinyamanswa yihanganira ibihe biteye ubwoba - gufungwa, gukoreshwa, no kubagwa - byose kugirango bishoboke. Kurenga ku myitwarire y’imyitwarire, umusaruro w’ubwoya n’uruhu byangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima binyuze mu gutema amashyamba, umwanda, no gukoresha umutungo ukabije. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri guteye inyuma yibi bikoresho mugihe ushakisha ubundi buryo bushya butanga uburyo butababaye. Igihe kirageze cyo gutekereza ku guhitamo kwacu no kwakira ejo hazaza h'impuhwe mu myambarire

Isano iri hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa ryerekana uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura n’ubugome bigira ingaruka ku bantu ndetse n’inyamaswa. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abahohoteye benshi bibasira amatungo mu rwego rwo gutera ubwoba, gukoresha, cyangwa kugirira nabi abo bashakanye, aho abagera ku 71% barokotse ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo bavuga ko ari ibintu nk'ibi. Iyi sano ntabwo yongerera ihungabana abahohotewe gusa ahubwo inagora ubushobozi bwabo bwo gushaka umutekano kubera impungenge zinyamaswa bakunda. Mugutanga urumuri kuri uku guhuzagurika, turashobora gukora kugirango habeho ingamba zuzuye zirengera abantu ninyamanswa mugihe twimakaza impuhwe numutekano mumiryango yacu

Amagambo akomeye ya Paul McCartney muri * "Niba Ibagiro Ryari rifite Urukuta rw'Ibirahure" * ritanga ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku bintu byihishe mu buhinzi bw'amatungo, ahamagarira abareba kureba ku byo bahisemo. Iyi videwo ikangura ibitekerezo iragaragaza ubugome bwatewe n’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda no mu ibagiro, mu gihe zigaragaza ingaruka z’imyitwarire, ibidukikije, n’ubuzima biterwa no kurya inyama. Mugushira ahabona ibintu byihishwa mubitekerezo rusange, biraduhatira guhuza ibikorwa byacu nindangagaciro zimpuhwe no kuramba - gukora urubanza rukomeye rwibikomoka ku bimera nkintambwe yo kurema isi nziza.

Gahunda y'ibiribwa muri iki gihe niyo nyirabayazana w'impfu z’inyamaswa zirenga miliyari 9 buri mwaka. Nyamara, iyi mibare itangaje yerekana gusa imibabaro myinshi muri gahunda yacu y'ibiribwa, kuko ivuga gusa ku nyamaswa zo ku butaka. Usibye umubare w’abantu ku isi, inganda z’uburobyi zangiza ubuzima bw’inyanja, zihitana ubuzima bw’amafi y’amafi n’ibindi binyabuzima byo mu nyanja buri mwaka, haba mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo abantu babone cyangwa bahitanwa n’ubushake bw’uburobyi. Bycatch bivuga gufata nkana ubwoko butagenewe mugihe cyo kuroba mubucuruzi. Aba bahohotewe batateganijwe akenshi bahura ningaruka zikomeye, uhereye ku gukomeretsa no gupfa kugeza guhungabanya ibidukikije. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza ibipimo bitandukanye byacatch, itanga urumuri ku byangiritse ku ngwate zatewe n’uburobyi bw’inganda. Kuki inganda zuburobyi ari mbi? Inganda z’uburobyi zikunze kunengwa imikorere myinshi igira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja…

Amatungo niyo shingiro ryimikorere yubuhinzi, atanga ibikoresho byingenzi nkinyama, amata, nubuzima bwa miriyoni. Nyamara, urugendo rwabo kuva bakivuka kugeza kubagiro rugaragaza ukuri kugoye kandi akenshi gutera ibibazo. Gucukumbura iyi mibereho bitanga urumuri kubibazo bikomeye bijyanye n’imibereho y’inyamaswa, kubungabunga ibidukikije, hamwe n’imikorere y’ibiribwa. Kuva ku bipimo byitaweho hakiri kare kugeza kugaburira ibiryo, ibibazo byo gutwara abantu, no kuvura ubumuntu - buri cyiciro kigaragaza amahirwe yo kuvugurura. Mugusobanukirwa izi nzira ningaruka zazo zigera kubidukikije ndetse na societe, turashobora kunganira ubundi buryo bwimpuhwe bushyira imbere ubuzima bwiza bwinyamaswa mugihe tugabanya kwangiza ibidukikije. Iyi ngingo yibanda cyane mubuzima bwamatungo kugirango ihabwe ubushobozi bwo guhitamo abaguzi bujyanye nigihe kizaza cyubumuntu kandi kirambye.