Kutagira inyamanswa ni ikibazo cyisi yose yibasira miriyoni zinyamaswa buri mwaka. Injangwe n'imbwa byangiritse bihura n'ibibazo byinshi, birimo kubura aho kuba, ibiryo, no kwivuza. Ariko, hamwe nimbaraga rusange, turashobora kugira icyo duhindura no guha aya matungo amazu meza kandi yuje urukundo akwiye. Hano hari inzira zifatika zafasha kurangiza amatungo atagira aho aba:
1. Sobanukirwa n'impamvu zitera urugo
Amatungo menshi atagira aho aba yarangije muri ibyo bihe kubera ibihe bitabaturutseho. Mugihe bamwe bashobora gutereranwa cyangwa kubura, abandi benshi usanga badafite inzu kubera ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri ba nyirabyo. Ingorane zamafaranga, kurugero, zirashobora gutuma bidashoboka ba nyiri amatungo kubitaho no kubakira amatungo yabo akeneye. Imiterere yubuvuzi cyangwa uburwayi butunguranye muri ba nyirabyo birashobora gutuma badashobora kwita kubitungwa byabo, rimwe na rimwe bigatuma inyamanswa zishyikirizwa aho ziherereye cyangwa zigatereranwa. Ihungabana ryimiturire, harimo kwirukanwa cyangwa kwimukira ahantu itemerera amatungo, nindi mpamvu ikomeye itera inyamanswa.
Byongeye kandi, impinduka mubikorwa byumuryango, nko gutandukana cyangwa urupfu rwa nyirabyo, birashobora gutuma inyamanswa zimurwa. Kutabona uburyo bwo guturamo bworohereza amatungo ni inzitizi ikomeye kubantu bagerageza gutunga amatungo yabo, cyane cyane mubice bifite amazu make akodeshwa yakira inyamaswa. Agasuzuguro gakikije amatungo mu baturage binjiza amafaranga make cyangwa mu bantu bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe birashobora kurushaho kugora ibintu.
Kugira ngo ukemure izo mpamvu, ingamba nyinshi zirashobora kuba ingirakamaro. Kwagura amahirwe yimyubakire yimyubakire, cyane cyane mubice byimiturire ihendutse, byatuma amatungo menshi agumana na ba nyirayo. Gutanga inkunga y'amafaranga cyangwa gahunda yo gufasha ba nyiri amatungo bahura nibibazo byamafaranga birashobora kandi kubuza amatungo kwitanga. Porogaramu zitanga ubuvuzi, cyane cyane kubafite amatungo magufi yinjiza, byafasha kwemeza ko amatungo yakira imiti ikenewe, akagira ubuzima bwiza no mu ngo zabo. Byongeye kandi, kwegera abaturage no kwigisha ibijyanye no gutunga amatungo ashinzwe, hamwe n’ibikoresho bihari, birashobora kugira uruhare runini mu gukumira inzererezi z’amatungo mu gukangurira no gufasha abafite amatungo gufata ibyemezo byuzuye.
2. Gutera inyamaswa zo mu rugo
Gutera inyamaswa zo mu rugo no kutagira isuku ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya umubare w’inyamaswa zidakenewe no kwirinda ubwinshi bw’abaturage, ibyo bikaba bigira uruhare runini mu kubura amatungo. Mu gutera inyamaswa zo mu rugo no gutunga inyamanswa z’abagabo, ba nyirubwite bafasha kugabanya uruziga rw’imyanda idateganijwe, ishobora kurenga aho kuba kandi bigatuma inyamanswa nyinshi zisigara zidafite amazu. Imyanda idakenewe akenshi irangirira mu buhungiro, kandi idafite abayirera bahagije, izo nyamaswa zirashobora kwitabwaho igihe kirekire mubigo byuzuye abantu, cyangwa mubihe bibi cyane, euthanasiya.
Mugihe gutera spay na neutering bishobora kugabanya cyane umubare wamatungo atagira aho aba, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ubwo buryo budashobora kuba bubereye buri tungo. Hano haribintu byubuzima, imyitwarire, nubwoko bwihariye bigomba kuganirwaho na veterineri. Umunyamwuga arashobora gutanga inama yihariye, akemeza ko uburyo bukorwa mugihe gikwiye kandi aribwo buryo bwiza bwo guhitamo amatungo yawe igihe kirekire ubuzima bwiza no kumererwa neza. Byongeye kandi, inyamanswa zimwe zishobora kugira ibibazo byubuvuzi cyangwa imyitwarire bisaba ubuvuzi bwihariye cyangwa ibisubizo byubundi buryo.
Mu baturage benshi, gahunda yo gutera no gutondeka iraboneka ku giciro cyagabanijwe cyangwa no kubuntu, bigatuma igisubizo kiboneka kubafite amatungo yose. Mugushishikariza gutunga amatungo ashinzwe no gushyigikira gahunda nkizo, turashobora kugabanya cyane umubare winyamanswa zavukiye mu rugo, tukarema ejo hazaza heza kubitungwa na ba nyirabyo.
3. Emera
Niba utekereza kongera itungo mumuryango wawe, kurera ni bumwe muburyo bukomeye bwo gufasha gukemura ibibazo byo kubura amazu. Amacumbi hamwe n’amashyirahamwe yo gutabara abamo inyamaswa zitabarika zikeneye amazu akunda, harimo imbwa, injangwe, n’andi matungo yose y’imyaka yose, amoko, ndetse n’imiterere. Mugihe cyo kurera, ntabwo utanga amahirwe ya kabiri gusa kubitungwa bishobora kuba byaragize ikibazo cyo gutereranwa, kutitabwaho, cyangwa izindi ngorane, ariko kandi urafasha kugabanya umutwaro wuburaro bwuzuye abantu.
Kwemererwa mubuhungiro cyangwa mumuryango wabatabazi bigufasha kurokora ubuzima no gutanga urugo ruhoraho itungo rishobora kuba ritegereje umuryango amezi cyangwa imyaka. Inyinshi murizo nyamaswa zimaze gutozwa, gukingirwa, hamwe na microchippe, zishobora gutuma gahunda yo kurera yoroshye kandi ikanahembwa. Byongeye kandi, kwakirwa mubuhungiro bifasha kubohora umwanya kubandi matungo akeneye, biteza imbere impuhwe no kwitaho.
Ni ngombwa gufata umwanya wo gushaka amatungo akwiye mubuzima bwumuryango wawe, kuko hariho inyamanswa zimiterere yose hamwe ningufu zingirakamaro mubuhungiro. Amashyirahamwe y'abatabazi akunze gutanga ubufasha nubuyobozi muguhuza imiryango ninyamanswa ijyanye nibyifuzo byabo byihariye. Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi cyo kurera akenshi kiri munsi yo kugura itungo ryumworozi, kandi amafaranga ahita ashyigikira ibikorwa byo gutabara inyamaswa nyinshi.
Muguhitamo kurerwa, ntubona inshuti yindahemuka gusa, ahubwo ufite uruhare runini mukurwanya ikibazo cyo kubura amatungo. Amatungo yose yakuwe mubuhungiro cyangwa gutabarwa ninyamaswa imwe itegereje urugo nubundi buzima bukizwa.
4. Menya neza ko amatungo yawe atazimira.
Ishyirahamwe ry’ubuvuzi bw’amatungo ry’Abanyamerika rivuga ko imwe mu matungo atatu y’imiryango azabura igihe runaka mu buzima bwabo. Iyi mibare iteye ubwoba yerekana akamaro ko gufata ingamba zifatika kugirango inyamanswa zishobora gusubizwa murugo amahoro ziramutse zibuze. Microchipping no kwambara ikirangantego nintambwe zingenzi mukurinda amatungo yawe umutekano no kongera amahirwe yo guhura byihuse niba bayobye cyangwa bagutandukana nawe.
Microchip nigikoresho gito, cyatewe kirimo numero yihariye iranga amakuru yawe. Ubu buryo buhoraho bwo kumenyekanisha bwemeza ko niyo amatungo yawe ya cola cyangwa indangamuntu yatakaye, birashobora kugukurikirana. Ibigo byinshi byubuvuzi nubuvuzi bwamatungo bisikana microchips mugihe inyamaswa zazanywe, byoroshye kumenya amatungo yatakaye no kuyasubiza ba nyirayo.
Usibye microchipping, menya neza ko itungo ryawe rihora ryambaye umukufi hamwe nindangamuntu igaragara irimo izina ryawe, numero ya terefone, nandi makuru yose yerekeye amakuru. Ibi bitanga umwirondoro uhita, cyane cyane iyo umuntu asanze amatungo yawe hanze yuburaro cyangwa amatungo. Buri gihe ugenzure amakariso kugirango umenye ko afite umutekano kandi ikirangantego kirasomeka.
Gufata izi ntambwe zoroshye birashobora kugabanya ibyago byo gutunga amatungo yawe kubera kubura. Mugukora ibishoboka byose kugirango amatungo yawe amenyekane neza, ntiwongera umutekano wabo gusa ahubwo unababuza gushyirwa mubuhungiro aho bashobora gutegereza gutegereza igihe kirekire. Kurinda amatungo yawe umutekano n'umutekano bibaha amahirwe meza yo kuguma hamwe nimiryango yabo no kwirinda inzira igoye kandi idashidikanywaho yo kutagira aho uba.
5. Ba umukorerabushake
Ubuhungiro n’abatabazi bigira uruhare runini mu kwita ku matungo atagira aho aba, ariko akenshi bahura n’amikoro make n’abakozi kugira ngo babone ibyo bakeneye. Iyo ubaye umukorerabushake, urashobora guhindura byinshi mubuzima bwinyamaswa nimiryango ibashyigikira. Ubukorerabushake butuma ugira uruhare rugaragara mu mibereho y’amatungo akeneye, haba mu kwita ku ntoki, gufasha imirimo y'ubuyobozi, cyangwa gutera inkunga ibikorwa byo gukusanya inkunga.
Nkumukorerabushake, urashobora gufasha mubikorwa bitandukanye, nkimbwa zigenda, gusabana ninjangwe, gusukura ibyana, no gufasha mubikorwa byo kurera. Ubuhungiro bwinshi kandi bukeneye ubufasha mubikorwa nko gutegura impano, guteza imbere amahirwe yo kurera ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, cyangwa kurera amatungo by'agateganyo kugeza babonye amazu ahoraho. Ubukorerabushake ntabwo bugirira akamaro amatungo gusa ahubwo butanga n'inkunga ikenewe kubakozi bitangiye gufasha aya matungo buri munsi.
Byongeye kandi, kwitanga biguha amahirwe yo kunganira imibereho myiza yinyamaswa aho utuye. Mugusangiza ibyakubayeho, urashobora gukangurira abantu kumenya ikibazo cyo kutagira aho uba kandi ugashishikariza abandi kurera, kwitanga, cyangwa gutanga impano mubuhungiro. Ibikorwa byawe birashobora gushishikariza abandi gufata inshingano zo kuzamura ubuzima bwamatungo atagira aho aba kandi bakagira uruhare muguhuriza hamwe kugabanya amazu atagira aho aba.
Nubwo waba umaze igihe kingana iki ushobora kwiyemeza, uruhare rwawe nkumukorerabushake rushobora gufasha kurokora ubuzima. Ubuhungiro no gutabara buri gihe bikenera abantu bafite impuhwe bafite ubushake bwo gufasha, ndetse nintererano ntoya yigihe nimbaraga zishobora kugira ingaruka nini. Mugukorerabushake, uba igice cyingenzi mugukemura ikibazo cyo kutagira aho uba inyamanswa, ukazamura ubuzima bwinyamaswa zitabarika.
6. Fasha amatungo yatakaye
Niba uhuye ninyamanswa yazimiye, ni ngombwa gufata ingamba zifasha kubahuza nimiryango yabo mbere yo gutekereza kubajyana mubuhungiro. Ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora nukugerageza kumenya nyiri itungo. Baza abaturanyi bawe niba bamenye itungo, kuko bashobora kumenya aho riherereye. Kugenzura hamwe nuburaro bwaho n’amavuriro yubuvuzi bwamatungo kugirango ubone inama nabyo birashobora gufasha. Ubuhungiro bwinshi bwatakaje-kandi busanga serivisi cyangwa burashobora gutanga ubuyobozi kubyo gukora ubutaha.
Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kumenya nyir'inyamanswa ni ukugira microchip zabo zisikana. Ibigo byinshi n’ubuvuzi bwamatungo bifite ibikoresho nkenerwa byo gusikana mikorobe, bishobora kuganisha kuri nyir'inyamanswa binyuze mu makuru yandikirwa. Niba udashoboye kugera kuri nyirayo ako kanya, kohereza amatungo yatakaye kurubuga nkoranyambaga nka Facebook na Instagram birashobora kongera imbaraga zimbaraga zawe, cyane cyane mumatsinda yinyamanswa zaho cyangwa impapuro zabuze. Gushyira ibyapa mu baturanyi bawe no mu duce twegereye nabyo ni inzira nziza yo kumenyesha abantu amatungo yabuze, kandi kugenzura “amatungo yatakaye” birashobora gutanga izindi nzira.
Niba ushoboye kujyana amatungo murugo rwawe byigihe gito, ubu burashobora kuba inzira nziza yo gutanga umwanya winyamanswa mugihe ufata izi ntambwe kugirango ubone nyirazo. Mugumisha amatungo murugo rwawe, urafasha kwirinda kwiyongera kubantu benshi mubuhungiro, kandi itungo riguma mumenyereye kandi ridahangayitse. Ariko, niba udashoboye gutunga amatungo wenyine cyangwa niba imbaraga zawe zo kumenya nyirazo zidatanga umusaruro, kujyana amatungo mubuhungiro ninzira nziza y'ibikorwa. Ubuhungiro bufite ibikoresho nkenerwa nabakozi kugirango bita ku nyamaswa mugihe bakomeje gushakisha nyirabyo.
Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko guha itungo ryatakaye undi muntu utari nyiraryo bishobora gutinza gahunda yo guhura cyangwa bikabuza itungo gusubira murugo. Ubuhungiro cyangwa umuganga w’amatungo n’ahantu hizewe kugira ngo amatungo agumeho niba udashoboye kubitaho by'agateganyo, kuko bashobora kwemeza ko itungo ryitaweho neza, kandi amahirwe yo kubona nyirayo akaba menshi.
7. Gutanga kugirango ufashe amatungo atagira aho aba.
Hariho amashirahamwe atagira ingano hamwe n’ubuhungiro mu gihugu hose bigamije gufasha amatungo atagira aho aba, ariko hamwe n’amamiliyoni y’inyamaswa ziba aho kuba buri mwaka, iyo miryango ikunze guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye by’amafaranga n’umutungo. Impano zigira uruhare runini mu gushyigikira ingamba zikomeje zo kwita kuri ayo matungo no kubaha ibiryo, ubuvuzi, aho kuba, n'amahirwe yo kurera.
Mugutanga, utanga umusanzu mugutezimbere ubuzima bwamatungo atagira aho aba, haba gutanga amafaranga yo kwivuza, kwishyura amafaranga yo gutera spay cyangwa neutere, gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kubakira, cyangwa gufasha kwagura ubushobozi bwubuhungiro. Inkunga yawe irashobora kandi gufasha gutera inkunga gahunda yuburezi ikangurira abantu gutunga amatungo ashinzwe nakamaro ko kugabanya umubare w’amatungo.
Impano ziza muburyo bwinshi, uhereye kumusanzu wamafaranga kugeza mubwoko butandukanye nkibiryo, ibiringiti, ibikinisho, cyangwa ibikoresho. Amashyirahamwe menshi atanga urutonde rwibyifuzo byihariye, urashobora rero gutanga ibintu bizagirira akamaro inyamaswa zitaweho. Byongeye kandi, niba udashoboye gutanga amafaranga cyangwa ibicuruzwa, urashobora gutanga umusanzu mugutegura ibikorwa byo gukusanya inkunga, nkibikorwa byo gufasha, cyamunara, cyangwa drives, kugirango ushishikarize abandi kubigiramo uruhare.
Byongeye kandi, amacumbi amwe afite gahunda-yubukorerabushake yemerera abantu gutanga umwanya wabo, ubuhanga bwabo, cyangwa ibikoresho byo mubiro kugirango bibafashe gukora neza. Buri kintu cyose gifasha, kandi intererano rusange yabantu benshi irashobora guhindura cyane umubare wamatungo abona amazu akunda.
Ubuntu bwawe burashobora gufasha kwemeza ko amatungo atagira aho aba yakira ubufasha bakeneye, akagira umutekano, kandi akagira amahirwe menshi yo kubona urugo ruhoraho. Yaba impano ntoya cyangwa umusanzu munini, ibikorwa byose bibarwa mukurwanya amazu atagira aho aba. Mugushyigikira ayo mashyirahamwe, uba igice cyingenzi cyigisubizo nijwi ryinyamaswa zibikeneye cyane.
8. Kangura Ubukangurambaga
Gukangurira abantu kutagira aho baba ni inzira ikomeye yo gutera impinduka no gushishikariza gutunga amatungo. Mugisha abandi akamaro ko kurera amatungo, gutera spay na neutering, no gukumira abaturage benshi, urashobora gufasha kubaka umuryango ugira impuhwe nyinshi kandi ushishikajwe no gukemura ibikenerwa ninyamaswa zitagira aho ziba.
Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kuzamura imyumvire ni imbuga nkoranyambaga. Kugabana inkuru zamatungo ashobora kwakirwa, kwerekana inkuru zitsinzi zinyamanswa zabonye ingo zabo ubuziraherezo, cyangwa ugashyiraho ibikubiyemo byigisha ibyiza byo gutera spay na neutering bishobora kugera kubantu benshi. Ibirimo bigaragara, nkamafoto na videwo yinyamanswa zikeneye, akenshi byumvikana cyane nabantu, bigatuma bashobora gufata ingamba.
Byongeye kandi, tekereza gusangira amakuru kubyerekeye aho uba, ibirori byo kurera byegereje, hamwe nimpano zo gutera inkunga amatungo atagira aho aba. Shishikariza inshuti zawe, umuryango wawe, n'abayoboke kurera aho kugura aborozi, kandi usobanure uburyo ibyo byafasha kugabanya umubare w’inyamaswa mu buhungiro. Guteza imbere akamaro ko gutunga amatungo ashinzwe - nko kwemeza ko inyamanswa ziciriritse mikorobe, spay / neutere, kandi zitaweho neza - birashobora kandi kugira uruhare runini mukugabanya umubare w’inyamaswa ziba aho kuba.
Uko abantu barushaho gusobanukirwa nicyo kibazo, birashoboka cyane ko babigiramo uruhare, haba mu gufata amatungo, gutanga impano, cyangwa gutanga igihe cyabo. Kumenya birashobora gutwara ibikorwa, kandi mugusangira ubumenyi no gushishikariza abandi, uhinduka igice cyingenzi cyigisubizo cyo kutagira aho uba. Buri nyandiko, ibiganiro, cyangwa ubukangurambaga utangiye birashobora kugira uruhare mukubaka umuryango uha agaciro kandi wita ku nyamaswa zose.
9. Kunganira Politiki ikomeye y’imibereho y’inyamaswa
Kunganira politiki y’imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa ni intambwe yingenzi mu gushyiraho igisubizo kirambye ku kibazo cy’abatagira aho baba. Mugushyigikira amategeko ateza imbere inyamaswa zita kubumuntu, urashobora gufasha guhindura impinduka zifatika zikemura intandaro yabaturage benshi kandi batagira aho baba.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibandaho ni ugushyigikira amategeko akomeye ku bworozi bw'amatungo. Uburyo bwo korora butabigizemo uruhare akenshi bugira uruhare runini mu gutunga amatungo menshi, bigatuma inyamaswa nyinshi zitereranwa cyangwa zigashyikirizwa aho ziba. Gusunika amategeko agenga cyangwa agabanya ubworozi butemewe, no guteza imbere amahame y’ubworozi bw’imyitwarire, birashobora kugabanya umubare w’amatungo yinjira mu buhungiro no gushishikariza ibikorwa byinshi mu nganda z’amatungo.
Byongeye kandi, gutera inkunga inkunga yibikorwa bya spay na neuter nibyingenzi mukugabanya amazu atagira aho aba. Gahunda yo gutera no kutagira gahunda ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kugenzura umubare munini w’amatungo. Mugukora ibishoboka byose kugirango gahunda nkizo ziterwa inkunga ihagije kandi igerweho, turashobora gukumira imyanda itabarika kuvuka bikarangirira mubuhungiro. Ibi birashobora kuba ingenzi cyane mubaturage aho ubwinshi bwamatungo ari ikibazo gikomeye, kandi aho kuba huzuye inyamaswa zizerera.
Imbaraga z’ubuvugizi zigomba kandi kwibanda ku guharanira amategeko akomeye yo kurengera inyamaswa haba mu nzego z’ibanze ndetse n’igihugu. Ibi birashobora kubamo ubuvugizi kuri politiki zituma habaho ahantu heza ho gutura, kubahiriza amategeko akaze y’ubugome bw’inyamaswa, no gutanga inkunga kubafite amatungo bahura n’ibibazo by’amafaranga cyangwa izindi mbogamizi zishobora gutuma batererana amatungo. Mugukorana nabadepite, amashyirahamwe yita ku nyamaswa, n’abaturage, urashobora gufasha gushyiraho ibidukikije byunganira amatungo kandi bikagabanya amahirwe yo kutagira aho baba.
Waba witabira ibyifuzo, kwitabira mitingi, kuvugana nabahagarariye, cyangwa kuzamura imyumvire ukoresheje imbuga nkoranyambaga, imbaraga zose zirabaze. Gushyigikira politiki y’imibereho myiza y’inyamanswa bifasha gushyiraho ejo hazaza h’impuhwe kandi zirambye ku matungo, kugabanya umubare w’inyamaswa mu buhungiro no kongera amahirwe yo kubona amazu akunda.
Kurangiza amazu atagira aho aba bisaba imbaraga zihuriweho nabantu, abaturage, nimiryango. Twese hamwe, turashobora kugira ingaruka zirambye kandi tukemeza ejo hazaza heza kubinyamaswa zikeneye.
