Ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo no guhohotera inyamaswa ni ibibazo bibiri by’abaturage byitabiriwe cyane mu myaka yashize. Nubwo byombi bimaze igihe bizwi ko ari ihohoterwa, mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 ni bwo hamenyekanye isano iri hagati yabo bombi. Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye isano iri hagati y’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa, ubushakashatsi buvuga ko 71% by’abakorewe ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo na bo bavuze ko abahohoteye nabo bangije amatungo yabo. Iyi mibare iteye ubwoba yerekana ko hakenewe gusobanukirwa byimbitse isano iri hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo no guhohotera inyamaswa. Iyi ngingo izacengera muburyo bukomeye hagati yuburyo bubiri bwo guhohoterwa no gucukumbura ibintu bitandukanye bibigiramo uruhare. Tuzasuzuma kandi ingaruka z’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa ku bahohotewe ndetse n’abaturage muri rusange. Binyuze muri iki kiganiro, twizera ko gusobanukirwa neza niki kibazo bishobora kuganisha ku ngamba zifatika zo gukumira no gutabara, amaherezo bikarema umuryango utekanye kandi wuje impuhwe ku bantu no ku nyamaswa.
Ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo rirashobora kugira ingaruka ku nyamaswa
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo rishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyamaswa, zikunze kuba abahohotewe batateganijwe. Mu ngo aho usanga ihohoterwa rikorerwa abantu, ntibisanzwe ko inyamanswa nazo zigira nabi cyangwa zikagirirwa nabi. Inyamaswa zirashobora gukorerwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri, kutitabwaho, cyangwa gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwo kugenzura abahohotewe. Kuba inyamanswa ziri ahantu habi birashobora kugora ibibazo kubarokotse, kuko bashobora gutinyuka gusiga abahohotewe kubera ubwoba bwumutekano wa bagenzi babo bakunda. Byongeye kandi, kubona ihohoterwa rikorerwa amatungo birashobora gutera ihungabana n’imibabaro ku bantu bahuye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo. Ni ngombwa kumenya isano iri hagati yo guhohotera inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, kuko gukemura ibibazo n’umutekano by’abantu n’inyamaswa ari ngombwa kugira ngo dushyigikire kandi twitabire muri ibi bihe.
Ihohoterwa ryinyamaswa akenshi ryuzuzanya na DV
Ingero zo guhohotera inyamaswa akenshi zifatanya n’ibibazo by’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, bikagaragaza isano iri hagati yabo bombi. Abakoze ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo barashobora kwagura imyitwarire yabo mibi ku nyamaswa, babakoresha nk'uburyo bwo gukoresha imbaraga no kugenzura abahohotewe. Ubu buryo bwubugome bushobora kugaragara nkibyangiza umubiri, kutitaweho, cyangwa n’iterabwoba ryangiza amatungo. Kwinjiza amatungo ahantu habi bikabije biragora cyane abarokotse, kuko bashobora gutinyuka gusiga abahohotewe kubera impungenge z'umutekano n'imibereho ya bagenzi babo bakunda cyane. Kubona ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa birashobora kandi guteza ihungabana ry’abantu bahuye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, bikomeza ubwoba n’akababaro. Kumenya no gukemura isano iri hagati yo guhohotera inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ni ngombwa mu gutanga ubufasha bwuzuye no gutabara ku bantu bahohotewe n’inyamaswa.
Ababikora bashobora kwangiza amatungo yabo
Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko mu rwego rw’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, abakoze ibyaha badashobora kugarukira gusa imyitwarire yabo mibi ku bantu bahohotewe; barashobora kandi kwibasira no kwangiza amatungo. Uku kuri kubabaje kwerekana urugero abahohotera bakoresha inyamaswa nkuburyo bwo kugenzura no gutera ubwoba abahohotewe. Ibibi nkana byibasiye amatungo birashobora gufata uburyo butandukanye, harimo ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri, kutita ku bintu, cyangwa iterabwoba. Kuba hari ihohoterwa rikorerwa inyamaswa mu mbaraga z’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ryongeraho urundi rwego rugoye ku barokotse bashobora gutinya kuva mu bihe bibi kubera impungenge z’umutekano n’imibereho myiza y’amatungo yabo akunda. Kumenya no gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yo guhohotera amatungo n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ni ingenzi mu gushyiraho ingamba zuzuye zo gukemura ibibazo by’abantu bahohotewe n’inyamaswa, biteza imbere umuryango utekanye kandi wuje impuhwe kuri bose.
Amatungo ahumuriza abahohotewe
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko inyamaswa zishobora gutanga ihumure rikenewe ndetse n’inkunga y’amarangamutima ku bakorewe ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo. Kubaho kw'amatungo ukunda birashobora gutanga ubusabane, urukundo rutagira icyo rushingiraho, no guhumurizwa mugihe cyamakuba. Inyamaswa zifite ubushobozi bwihariye bwo gutanga umwanya udacira imanza kandi utekanye kubarokotse, bibafasha kumva bafite ihumure numutekano. Igikorwa cyoroheje cyo gutunga cyangwa guhobera inyamaswa kirashobora gufasha kugabanya imihangayiko, guhangayika, no kumva ko uri wenyine, bitanga uburyo bwo kuvura abafite ihungabana. Kumenya imbaraga zikiza zinyamaswa mubuzima bwabacitse ku icumu ni ngombwa mu guteza imbere uburyo bunoze bwo gufasha bukemura ibibazo by’amarangamutima by’abantu n’inyamaswa bahohotewe mu ngo.
Ibikoko bitungwa birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho
Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko amatungo ashobora gukoreshwa nk'ingutu mu gihe cy'ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo. Abakoze ihohoterwa barashobora gukoresha amarangamutima abahohotewe bafite ku matungo yabo, bakayakoresha nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura no gukoreshwa. Kubangamira amatungo ukunda birashobora kuba inzira nziza yo gukoresha imbaraga no gukomeza kugenzura abarokotse. Aya mayeri ntabwo atera ubwoba n’agahinda gakabije uwahohotewe gusa ahubwo anateza ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho y’inyamaswa zirimo. Gusobanukirwa niyi mbaraga ningirakamaro mugutegura ingamba no gushyigikira gahunda zita ku mutekano n’imibereho myiza y’abantu n’inyamaswa bahohotewe mu ngo. Mugukemura ikibazo cyamatungo akoreshwa nkigikoresho, turashobora gukora kugirango dushyireho igisubizo cyuzuye kandi bunoze ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ryita kubikenewe n’intege nke z’abo bose bahuye n’ibibazo.
Ibikoko bitungwa birashobora gukoreshwa nkiterabwoba
Ingero zinyamanswa zikoreshwa nkiterabwoba nukuri kubabaje mugihe habaye ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo. Abakoze icyaha bazi isano iri hagati y amarangamutima hagati yabahohotewe ninyamaswa bakunda, bikabayobora gukoresha ubwo bucuti nkuburyo bwo guhatira no kugenzura. Mu gutera ubwoba amatungo, abahohotera bakoresha kandi bagatera ubwoba abahohotewe, bikomeza kandi ihohoterwa. Ingaruka zaya mayeri ntizirenze ingaruka zihuse kubantu bahohotewe; imibereho n'umutekano by'inyamaswa zirimo nabyo biri mu kaga. Kumenya ikoreshwa ry'amatungo nk'intwaro mu ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ni intambwe y'ingenzi iganisha ku gushyiraho ingamba zuzuye no gushyigikira uburyo bukemura ibibazo by’abantu bahohotewe ndetse n’inyamaswa. Mugukora mugukumira no gutabara muri ibi bihe, turashobora gushyiraho ahantu hatekanye kubantu bose bahuye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo.
Ihohoterwa rishobora kwiyongera ku nyamaswa
Ingero zihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo akenshi zirenze abantu bahohotewe kandi zishobora no gushiramo inyamaswa murugo. Nukuri birababaje kubona ihohoterwa rishobora kwiyongera ku nyamaswa, abayikoze bakayikoresha nk'intego zinyongera zo kwibasira no kugenzura. Ubu buryo bwo guhohoterwa ntabwo butera gusa ububabare bukabije ku nyamaswa zirimo ahubwo binongera ingaruka rusange zihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ku muryango wose. Gusobanukirwa no gukemura isano iri hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa ni ngombwa kugira ngo hatangwe ubufasha bunoze kandi burinde abahohotewe bose, baba abantu n’inyamaswa. Mu kumenya no kugira uruhare muri ibi bihe, turashobora gukora kugirango ducike uruzinduko rwihohoterwa no gushyiraho ibidukikije kuri bose.
Guhohotera inyamaswa nicyaha
Ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa ni ukurenga ku buryo bugaragara amahame mbwirizamuco n’amategeko, bikaba icyaha gisaba kwitabwaho no gufatirwa ibyemezo. Nukuri kubabaje cyane ko inyamaswa zikorerwa ubugome no kutitabwaho nabantu batita ku mibereho yabo. Ibikorwa nkibi ntibitera gusa ingaruka mbi kumubiri no mubitekerezo byinyamaswa zirimo ariko binagaragaza gusuzugura agaciro kavukire nicyubahiro cyibinyabuzima byose. Sosiyete ifite inshingano zo kwamagana no gukemura ibibazo by’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa, kureba ko abaryozwa ibyo bikorwa babazwa ibyo bakoze. Mu kumenya ko guhohotera inyamaswa ari icyaha, dushobora gukora kugira ngo duteze imbere umuryango w’impuhwe n’ubutabera urengera uburenganzira n’imibereho y’ibiremwa byose.
Abahohotewe ntibashobora kugenda kubera amatungo
Kuba hari amatungo mu ngo yibasiwe n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushobozi bw’uwahohotewe bwo kuva mu bihe bibi. Ibikoko bitungwa akenshi biba isoko yinkunga yamarangamutima, itanga ubusabane, ihumure, numutekano wumutekano kuri ba nyirabyo. Kubwamahirwe, abahohotera barashobora gukoresha ubwo bucuti nkuburyo bwo kugenzura no gukoresha, gukoresha iterabwoba cyangwa kugirira nabi amatungo nkuburyo bwo guha imbaraga abahohotewe. Muri ibi bihe, abahohotewe barashobora kumva bafunzwe, badashaka gusiga amatungo yabo cyangwa batinya ibizababaho baramutse babikoze. Iyi mikoranire igoye hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo no kuba hari amatungo yerekana ko hakenewe serivisi zuzuye zita ku bibazo bikemura ibibazo byihariye abahohotewe badashaka cyangwa badashobora kugenda kubera amatungo yabo. Mu kumenya akamaro k'iki kibazo no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kurinda abahohotewe n'abantu ndetse n’inyamaswa, dushobora gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ihohoterwa rikorerwe kandi bitange umutekano kuri bose.
Kumenya birashobora gufasha guca ukwezi
Kumenya isano iri hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa ni intambwe ikomeye mu guca ukubiri n’ihohoterwa. Mugusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yuburyo bubiri bwihohoterwa, societe irashobora kumenya neza no gukemura ibibazo byibanze bigira uruhare mubitekerezo nkibi. Kongera ubumenyi birashobora kuganisha kubikorwa byo gukumira, gutabara hakiri kare, no gufasha abahohotewe. Irashobora kandi gufasha abanyamwuga mu nzego zitandukanye, nko kubahiriza amategeko na serivisi z’imibereho, kumenya ibimenyetso by’ihohoterwa no gufata ingamba zikwiye zo kubungabunga umutekano w’abantu bahohotewe n’inyamaswa. Mu guteza imbere ubukangurambaga n’uburezi, dushobora guteza imbere umuryango ufite ibikoresho byinshi byo guca ukubiri n’ihohoterwa no gutanga inkunga ku bahuye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo no guhohotera inyamaswa.
Mu gusoza, biragaragara ko hari isano rikomeye hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo no guhohotera inyamaswa. Mugihe dukomeje gukangurira no kwigisha abandi kuri iki kibazo, tugomba kandi gukora kugirango dushyire mu bikorwa amategeko akomeye no kongera umutungo w’abahohotewe na bagenzi babo bafite ubwoya. Ni ngombwa ko tumenya kandi tugakemura isano iri hagati yuburyo bubiri bwo guhohoterwa kugirango dushyireho umuryango utekanye kandi wuje impuhwe kubantu bose. Reka dukomeze guharanira kurengera abantu n’inyamaswa bahohotewe.
Ibibazo
Ni irihe sano riri hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo no guhohotera inyamaswa?
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana isano iri hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo no guhohotera inyamaswa. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko abantu bishora mu ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo nabo bashobora kugirira nabi inyamaswa. Iyi sano ikunze kugaragara nko kwagura imbaraga no kugenzura, abahohotera bakoresha inyamaswa muburyo bwo kuyobora no gutera ubwoba abahohotewe. Byongeye kandi, kubona ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa birashobora guhahamura abana mu ngo mbi. Kumenya no gukemura iyi sano ni ngombwa mugutanga ubufasha bunoze no kurinda abantu n’inyamaswa bahohotewe.
Nigute kwibonera ihohoterwa rikorerwa inyamaswa mu bwana bigira uruhare mu kwishora mu ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo nkumuntu mukuru?
Kubona ihohoterwa rikorerwa inyamaswa mu bwana byafitanye isano n’uko abantu benshi bashobora kwishora mu ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo bakuze. Iri sano rishobora guterwa nubusanzwe ihohoterwa risanzwe, kutita ku mibabaro, no guteza imbere imyitwarire ikaze mu myaka yashinzwe. Byongeye kandi, kwibonera ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa birashobora kwerekana kutagira impuhwe no kubaha ibinyabuzima, bishobora guhinduka imyitwarire ikaze ku bantu mubuzima bwanyuma. Ni ngombwa gukemura no gukumira ihohoterwa rikorerwa inyamaswa kugira ngo ribe iyi nzitizi kandi riteze imbere umuryango w’impuhwe kandi utagira urugomo.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bimwe biburira byerekana isano iri hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo no guhohotera inyamaswa?
Bimwe mu bimenyetso byo kuburira byerekana isano iri hagati yihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa rishobora kuba rikubiyemo gukomeretsa kenshi cyangwa indwara zidasobanutse mu matungo, uburyo bwo guhohotera cyangwa kugirira nabi inyamaswa n’umuryango, iterabwoba cyangwa ibikorwa byo guhohotera inyamaswa nkuburyo bwo kugenzura cyangwa gutera ubwoba, hamwe n’imihangayiko myinshi cyangwa amakimbirane mu rugo. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko guhohotera inyamaswa bikunze kubaho hamwe nubundi buryo bwihohoterwa rikorerwa mu miryango, nko guhohotera abana cyangwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ni ngombwa kumenya ibi bimenyetso byo kuburira no gufata ingamba zikwiye kugirango umutekano n'imibereho myiza yabantu ninyamaswa muribi bihe.
Nigute habaho ihohoterwa rikorerwa inyamaswa byakoreshwa nk'ikimenyetso cyo kumenya no gutabara mu gihe cy'ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo?
Kuba hari ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa rishobora gukoreshwa nkikimenyetso cyo kumenya no gutabara mu gihe cy’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo kuko ubushakashatsi bwerekanye isano ikomeye hagati y’ubugome bw’inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa ry’abantu. Abakora ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo bakunze guhohotera inyamaswa mu rwego rwo gukoresha imbaraga no kugenzura abahohotewe. Kumenya no gukemura ibibazo by’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa birashobora gufasha abanyamwuga, nk’abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza n’abashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko, kumenya ibibazo bishobora kuba by’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo kandi bikagira uruhare mu kurengera abahohotewe n’abantu ndetse n’inyamaswa. Ubugome bwinyamaswa burashobora kuba ibendera ryumutuku ritera iperereza no gutabara kugirango umutekano n’imibereho myiza yabantu bose babigizemo uruhare.
Ni izihe ngamba zifatika zo gukemura ibibazo by’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo no guhohotera inyamaswa icyarimwe hagamijwe guca ukubiri n’ihohoterwa?
Zimwe mu ngamba zifatika zo gukemura ibibazo by’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ndetse n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa icyarimwe kugira ngo habeho guca ukubiri n’ihohoterwa harimo gushyira mu bikorwa porotokole ihuza amakuru hagati y’imibereho y’inyamaswa n’imiryango ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, gutanga inyigisho n’amahugurwa ku isano iri hagati y’ihohoterwa rikorerwa inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ku banyamwuga bo mu nzego zombi, gutanga serivisi zita ku bantu bahohotewe n’inyamaswa, no guteza imbere ubukangurambaga no kwishora mu bikorwa binyuze mu bukangurambaga na gahunda. Byongeye kandi, guharanira ko hashyirwaho amategeko akomeye no kubahiriza amategeko arengera abahohotewe n’abantu n’inyamaswa ni ngombwa mu gukemura no gukumira ubwo buryo bw’ihohoterwa.
