Ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja - Humane Foundation

Muri iki gice, shakisha uburyo uburobyi bw’inganda no gukoresha ubudahwema gukoresha inyanja byatumye urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja rugabanuka. Kuva kwangirika kw'imiturire kugeza kugabanuka gukabije kw'ibinyabuzima, iki cyiciro kigaragaza ikiguzi cyihishe cyo kuroba, gusarura cyane, ndetse n'ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'inyanja. Niba ushaka kumva igiciro nyacyo cyo kurya ibiryo byo mu nyanja, aha niho uhera.
Kuruhande rwishusho yurukundo rwuburobyi bwamahoro, ubuzima bwinyanja bufatwa muburyo bubi bwo kuvoma. Urushundura mu nganda ntirufata amafi gusa - rurafatana kandi rukica inyamaswa zitabarika zidafite intego nka dolphine, inyenzi, ninyanja. Imodoka nini n’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho byangiza inyanja, bigasenya amabuye ya korali, kandi bigahungabanya uburinganire bw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja. Kuroba cyane kuroba amoko amwe bihungabanya urunigi rwibiryo kandi bigatanga ingaruka mbi mubidukikije byose byo mu nyanja - ndetse no hanze yarwo.
Ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja nizo nkingi yubuzima ku isi. Zibyara ogisijeni, igenga ikirere, kandi igashyigikira urubuga runini rwibinyabuzima. Ariko mugihe cyose dufata inyanja nkumutungo utagira umupaka, ejo hazaza habo no mubyacu bikomeza kuba mukaga. Iki cyiciro kirahamagarira gutekereza ku mibanire yacu ninyanja n'ibiremwa byacyo - kandi bisaba ko hajyaho gahunda y'ibiribwa irinda ubuzima aho kuyitakaza.

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, buzwi kandi nk'ubuhinzi mu nganda, bwabaye uburyo bwiganje mu gutanga ibiribwa mu bihugu byinshi ku isi. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo korora ubwinshi bwamatungo ahantu hafunzwe, intego nyamukuru yo kongera umusaruro ninyungu. Nubwo bisa nkuburyo bwiza bwo kugaburira abaturage biyongera, ingaruka mbi zubuhinzi bwuruganda kubidukikije ndetse nibidukikije muri rusange ntibishobora kwirengagizwa. Kuva kwanduza amasoko y'amazi kugeza kurimbura ahantu nyaburanga, ingaruka zubu buryo bwubuhinzi bwateye imbere ziragera kure kandi ni mbi. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzacukumbura cyane ku ngaruka mbi z’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda ku bidukikije byaho, tunasuzume uburyo dushobora gukangurira abantu kumenya iki kibazo cy’ingutu. Mugusobanukirwa aho ikibazo kigeze no gufata ingamba zo kugikemura, dushobora gukora kugirango dushyireho gahunda y'ibiribwa birambye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije…

Inyanja ifite hejuru ya 70% yubuso bwisi kandi ibamo ubuzima butandukanye bwamazi yo mumazi. Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cy’ibikomoka ku nyanja cyatumye ubworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi bwiyongera nk’uburobyi burambye. Iyi mirima, izwi kandi ku bworozi bw'amafi, bakunze kuvugwa nk'igisubizo cyo kuroba cyane ndetse n'uburyo bwo guhaza ibikenerwa byo mu nyanja bigenda byiyongera. Nyamara, munsi yubuso hari ukuri kwijimye kwingaruka iyi mirima igira kubidukikije byamazi. Nubwo bisa nkibisubizo hejuru, ukuri nuko ubworozi bwinyanja n’amafi bushobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije ndetse ninyamaswa zita inyanja murugo. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacengera cyane mu bworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi kandi dushyire ahagaragara ingaruka zihishe zibangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. Kuva mu gukoresha antibiotike n'imiti yica udukoko kugeza…

Azote nikintu cyingenzi mubuzima bwisi, igira uruhare runini mu mikurire niterambere ryibimera ninyamaswa. Nyamara, iyo azote ikabije yinjiye mu bidukikije, irashobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije no ku buzima bw’abantu. Umwe mu bagize uruhare runini muri iki kibazo ni urwego rw’ubuhinzi, cyane cyane ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa. Umusaruro n’imicungire y’amatungo, harimo inka, inkoko, n’ingurube, bifitanye isano n’umwanda mwinshi wa azote. Iyi phenomenon ibaho cyane cyane hakoreshejwe ifumbire n’ifumbire ikungahaye kuri azote, no mu myuka ya amoniya ikorwa n’imyanda y’inyamaswa. Nkuko icyifuzo cyibikomoka ku nyamaswa gikomeje kwiyongera ku isi hose, ni nako impungenge z’ingaruka z’ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa ku ihumana rya azote. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma isano iri hagati y’ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa n’umwanda wa azote, dusuzume ibitera, ingaruka, n’ibisubizo byabyo. Mugusobanukirwa iyi mibanire igoye,…

Ubuhinzi bwuruganda, uburyo bwateye imbere cyane kandi bukomeye bwo korora amatungo kubyara umusaruro, byabaye ikibazo cyibidukikije. Inzira yinyamanswa itanga ibiryo ntabwo itera gusa ibibazo byimyitwarire yimibereho yinyamaswa ahubwo inagira ingaruka mbi kwisi. Hano hari ibintu 11 by'ingenzi byerekeranye n'imirima y'uruganda n'ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije: 1- Imirima minini y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni kimwe mu bigira uruhare runini mu kwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi, ikarekura metani na oxyde ya nitrous mu kirere. Iyi myuka irakomeye cyane kuruta dioxyde de carbone mu ruhare rwayo mu bushyuhe bw’isi, metani ikaba ifite inshuro zigera kuri 28 mu gufata ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’imyaka 100, na okiside ya nitrous ikubye inshuro 298. Inkomoko yambere y’ibyuka bya metani mu buhinzi bw’uruganda ikomoka ku nyamaswa z’amatungo, nk'inka, intama, n'ihene, zitanga metani nyinshi mu gihe cyo gusya…

Ubuhinzi bwa Octopus, igisubizo cy’ibikenerwa n’ibikomoka ku nyanja, byateje impaka zikomeye ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’ibidukikije. Iyi cephalopode ishimishije ntabwo ihabwa agaciro gusa kubwo guteka kwabo ahubwo inubahwa kubwubwenge bwabo, ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo, hamwe nimbaraga zamarangamutima - imico itera kwibaza ibibazo bikomeye kubijyanye na morale yo kubafungira muburyo bwo guhinga. Kuva ku mpungenge z’imibereho y’inyamaswa kugeza ku buryo bwagutse bwo guharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa zo mu nyanja, iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingorane zikikije ubworozi bw’amafi ya octopus. Iyo dusuzumye ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije, kugereranya n’ubuhinzi bushingiye ku butaka, no guhamagarira abantu gufata neza abantu, duhura n’ibikenewe byihutirwa gushyira mu gaciro ibyo abantu bakoresha mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu nyanja.

Gahunda y'ibiribwa muri iki gihe niyo nyirabayazana w'impfu z’inyamaswa zirenga miliyari 9 buri mwaka. Nyamara, iyi mibare itangaje yerekana gusa imibabaro myinshi muri gahunda yacu y'ibiribwa, kuko ivuga gusa ku nyamaswa zo ku butaka. Usibye umubare w’abantu ku isi, inganda z’uburobyi zangiza ubuzima bw’inyanja, zihitana ubuzima bw’amafi y’amafi n’ibindi binyabuzima byo mu nyanja buri mwaka, haba mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo abantu babone cyangwa bahitanwa n’ubushake bw’uburobyi. Bycatch bivuga gufata nkana ubwoko butagenewe mugihe cyo kuroba mubucuruzi. Aba bahohotewe batateganijwe akenshi bahura ningaruka zikomeye, uhereye ku gukomeretsa no gupfa kugeza guhungabanya ibidukikije. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza ibipimo bitandukanye byacatch, itanga urumuri ku byangiritse ku ngwate zatewe n’uburobyi bw’inganda. Kuki inganda zuburobyi ari mbi? Inganda z’uburobyi zikunze kunengwa imikorere myinshi igira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja…

Uburobyi bukunze kugaragara nkimyidagaduro yamahoro cyangwa isoko yingenzi yibiribwa, ariko ingaruka zayo kumibereho yinyanja ivuga inkuru itandukanye. Uburobyi bwombi bwidagadura nubucuruzi butera amafi nandi matungo yo mu mazi guhangayika cyane, gukomeretsa, nububabare. Kuva mubugome bwihishe bwuburyo bwo gufata no kurekura kugeza kurimbuka rinini ryatewe no gukurura, ibyo bikorwa ntabwo byangiza amoko yibasiwe gusa ahubwo binangiza nabandi batabarika binyuze mubikoresho byabitswe. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza impungenge zijyanye nuburobyi mugihe hagaragajwe ubundi buryo bwa kimuntu burinda ubuzima bwinyanja kandi buteza imbere kubana na kamere

Inyanja, yuzuye ubuzima kandi ni ngombwa kugira ngo isi iringanize, iragoswe no kuroba cyane no kuroba - imbaraga ebyiri zangiza zitera amoko yo mu nyanja gusenyuka. Kuroba cyane bigabanya umubare w’amafi ku gipimo kidashoboka, mu gihe gufata byinjira mu buryo butarondoreka ibiremwa byugarijwe n’inyenzi zo mu nyanja, dolphine, n’inyoni zo mu nyanja. Iyi myitozo ntabwo ihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja gusa ahubwo inabangamira abaturage bo ku nkombe zishingiye ku burobyi butera imbere kugira ngo babeho. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingaruka zikomeye z’ibi bikorwa ku binyabuzima ndetse no muri sosiyete z’abantu, isaba ko byihutirwa binyuze mu buryo burambye bwo gucunga no gufatanya n’isi yose kubungabunga ubuzima bw’inyanja yacu.

Inyanja yacu, ikungahaye ku buzima no ku binyabuzima, ihura n’iterabwoba rigenda ryiyongera: kwaguka byihuse ahantu hapfuye inyanja. Uturere, aho urugero rwa ogisijeni yagabanutse ndetse nubuzima bwo mu nyanja ntibushobora gutera imbere, bigenda bihuzwa n’ingaruka ku bidukikije by’ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa. Kuva ifumbire mvaruganda itera uburabyo bwangiza bwa algal kugeza umwanda uva mu myanda y’amatungo n’umusaruro w’ibiryo, ubuhinzi bw’inganda bwangiza cyane urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma uburyo uburyo bw’ubuhinzi budashoboka bugira uruhare mu turere twapfuye mu nyanja kandi bugaragaza ibisubizo bifatika - nko gufata indyo y’ibihingwa no guteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye - bishobora gufasha kurinda inyanja yacu ibisekuruza bizaza.

Ubuhinzi bw’uruganda, cyangwa ubuhinzi bw’inganda, bwagaragaye nkimbaraga ziganje mu musaruro w’ibiribwa, ariko ibidukikije byangiza amazi n’ubutaka ni byinshi. Ubu buryo bukomeye bushingiye ku nyongeramusaruro, antibiyotike, hamwe n’imikorere ya monoculture ihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kandi ikangiza umutungo kamere. Kuva kwanduza inzira zamazi hamwe nintungamubiri zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri kugeza uburumbuke bwubutaka binyuze mu gukoresha cyane no gutwarwa n’isuri, ingaruka ziterwa ni nyinshi kandi ziteye ubwoba. Hamwe no gukoresha amazi menshi no gusenya aho kwihutisha gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ubuhinzi bw’uruganda butera ibibazo bikomeye kuramba. Gucukumbura izo ngaruka byerekana ko byihutirwa ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije kugirango tubungabunge umutungo wingenzi wumubumbe wacu ibisekuruza bizaza