Imyanda yumutungo - Humane Foundation

Ubuhinzi bw’inyamanswa mu nganda n’urwego rwibanda cyane ku mutungo, rukoresha amazi menshi, ibiryo, n’ingufu zo kubyara inyama, amata, n’ibindi bikomoka ku nyamaswa. Ibikorwa binini by’ubworozi bisaba amazi menshi atari ku nyamaswa ubwazo ahubwo no guhinga ibihingwa bibagaburira, bigatuma inganda ziba imwe mu zagize uruhare runini mu kugabanuka kw’amazi meza ku isi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, umusaruro w'ibihingwa bigaburira bisaba ifumbire, imiti yica udukoko, n'ubutaka, ibyo byose bikaba byiyongera ku bidukikije.
Kudakora neza guhindura karori ishingiye ku bimera muri poroteyine y’inyamaswa byongera imyanda. Kuri buri kilo cy'inyama zakozwe, amazi menshi, ingufu, nintete bikoreshwa cyane ugereranije no gutanga agaciro kintungamubiri ziva mubiribwa bishingiye ku bimera. Ubu busumbane bufite ingaruka zikomeye, kuva mu kugira uruhare mu kwihaza mu biribwa kugeza no kwangiza ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, gutunganya ingufu nyinshi, gutwara, no gukonjesha byongera ikirenge cya karubone kijyanye nibikomoka ku nyamaswa.
Iki cyiciro gishimangira akamaro gakomeye kubikorwa-byita kumikoro no guhitamo imirire. Mugusobanukirwa uburyo ubuhinzi bwinganda bwangiza amazi, ubutaka, ningufu, abantu nabafata ibyemezo barashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye kugirango bagabanye imyanda, bitezimbere, kandi bashyigikire gahunda yibiribwa ikora neza, iringaniza, kandi yangiza ibidukikije. Ubundi buryo burambye, burimo ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera n’ubuhinzi bushya, ni ingamba zingenzi zo kugabanya imyanda y’umutungo mu rwego rwo kurinda ejo hazaza h’isi.

Ubuhinzi bwuruganda, uburyo bwateye imbere cyane kandi bukomeye bwo korora amatungo kubyara umusaruro, byabaye ikibazo cyibidukikije. Inzira yinyamanswa itanga ibiryo ntabwo itera gusa ibibazo byimyitwarire yimibereho yinyamaswa ahubwo inagira ingaruka mbi kwisi. Hano hari ibintu 11 by'ingenzi byerekeranye n'imirima y'uruganda n'ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije: 1- Imirima minini y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni kimwe mu bigira uruhare runini mu kwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi, ikarekura metani na oxyde ya nitrous mu kirere. Iyi myuka irakomeye cyane kuruta dioxyde de carbone mu ruhare rwayo mu bushyuhe bw’isi, metani ikaba ifite inshuro zigera kuri 28 mu gufata ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’imyaka 100, na okiside ya nitrous ikubye inshuro 298. Inkomoko yambere y’ibyuka bya metani mu buhinzi bw’uruganda ikomoka ku nyamaswa z’amatungo, nk'inka, intama, n'ihene, zitanga metani nyinshi mu gihe cyo gusya…

Inganda zimyambarire n’imyenda zimaze igihe kinini zijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho nkubwoya, ubwoya, nimpu, bikomoka ku nyamaswa. Mugihe ibyo bikoresho byizihijwe kubera kuramba, ubushyuhe, no kwinezeza, umusaruro wabyo utera impungenge zikomeye kubidukikije. Iyi ngingo irasesengura ingaruka z’ibidukikije by’ubwoya, ubwoya, n’uruhu, byerekana ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije, imibereho y’inyamaswa, ndetse n’isi muri rusange. Uburyo Umusaruro Wubwoya Wangiza Ibidukikije Inganda zubwoya nimwe muruganda rwangiza ibidukikije kwisi yose. Igitangaje cya 85% byuruhu rwinganda ziva mu nyamaswa zororerwa mu murima w’ubwoya. Iyi mirima ikunze kubamo inyamaswa ibihumbi n’ibihe bigufi, bidafite isuku, aho byororerwa gusa. Ingaruka ku bidukikije zibi bikorwa zirakomeye, kandi ingaruka zirenze kure hafi yimirima. 1. Kwangiza imyanda no guhumana Buri nyamaswa muri uru ruganda…

Ubuke bw'amazi buteza ikibazo gikomeye ku isi, aho ubuhinzi bugira uruhare runini mu gukoresha amazi meza. Ubworozi bw'amatungo gakondo butera imbaraga kuri ubwo buryo, busaba amazi menshi yo kuvomera amatungo no gutanga umusaruro. Kwimukira mu buhinzi bushingiye ku bimera bitanga amahirwe ahinduka yo kubungabunga amazi mu gihe gikemura ibindi bibazo by’ibidukikije nko guhumana, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Mugushira imbere ibikorwa birambye no gukoresha uburyo bushya mubuhinzi bushingiye ku bimera, dushobora kurinda amazi meza kandi tugateza imbere ejo hazaza heza, harambye kuri bose

Kwiyongera kwisi kwisi kubicuruzwa byinyamanswa byatumye abantu benshi bahinga ubuhinzi bwuruganda, sisitemu ishingiye cyane kumusaruro wibiryo byinganda. Munsi y’ibikorwa byayo hagaragara umubare munini w’ibidukikije - gutema amashyamba, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, hamwe n’umwanda w’amazi ni zimwe mu ngaruka mbi ziterwa no guhinga ibihingwa byitwa monocult nka soya n'ibigori byo kugaburira amatungo. Iyi myitozo irangiza umutungo kamere, yangiza ubuzima bwubutaka, ihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kandi iremerera abaturage baho mu gihe ingufu z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma ibiciro by’ibidukikije by’umusaruro w’ibiryo ku nyamaswa zo mu ruganda kandi ikagaragaza ko hakenewe cyane ibisubizo birambye birinda isi yacu kandi bigateza imbere ubuhinzi bw’imyitwarire myiza.

Ubuhinzi bwuruganda bwagaragaye nkimbaraga ziganje mu musaruro w’ibiribwa ku isi, ariko umubare w’ibidukikije ntushobora kwirengagiza. Gukenera ubudahwema inyama, amata, n'amagi bitera amashyamba manini no kwangiza aho gutura, amashyamba yaranduwe kugira ngo yakire amatungo kandi ahinge ibihingwa bigaburira nka soya. Iyi myitozo ntabwo yambura umubumbe w’ibinyabuzima gusa ahubwo inashimangira imihindagurikire y’ikirere irekura imyuka myinshi ya karuboni mu kirere. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma uburyo ubuhinzi bw’uruganda butera kwangiza ibidukikije kandi bukerekana ibisubizo bifatika bishobora guha inzira gahunda y’ibiribwa birambye kandi bikarinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima by’isi yacu

Ubuhinzi bw’uruganda, cyangwa ubuhinzi bw’inganda, bwagaragaye nkimbaraga ziganje mu musaruro w’ibiribwa, ariko ibidukikije byangiza amazi n’ubutaka ni byinshi. Ubu buryo bukomeye bushingiye ku nyongeramusaruro, antibiyotike, hamwe n’imikorere ya monoculture ihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kandi ikangiza umutungo kamere. Kuva kwanduza inzira zamazi hamwe nintungamubiri zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri kugeza uburumbuke bwubutaka binyuze mu gukoresha cyane no gutwarwa n’isuri, ingaruka ziterwa ni nyinshi kandi ziteye ubwoba. Hamwe no gukoresha amazi menshi no gusenya aho kwihutisha gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ubuhinzi bw’uruganda butera ibibazo bikomeye kuramba. Gucukumbura izo ngaruka byerekana ko byihutirwa ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije kugirango tubungabunge umutungo wingenzi wumubumbe wacu ibisekuruza bizaza

Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzasuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije ziterwa n’umusaruro w’inyama, ingaruka zo kurya inyama ku buzima bw’abantu, n’ingaruka zihishe mu buhinzi bw’inganda. Tuzasuzuma kandi isano iri hagati yo kurya inyama n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubundi buryo burambye bw’inyama, n’isano iri hagati y’inyama n’amashyamba. Byongeye kandi, tuzaganira ku kirenge cy’amazi y’umusaruro w’inyama, uruhare rw’inyama mu kugira uruhare mu kurwanya antibiyotike, no guhuza kurya inyama n’imibereho y’inyamaswa. Ubwanyuma, tuzakora ku ngaruka zubuzima bwinyama zitunganijwe. Twiyunge natwe tumenye ukuri kandi tumenye kuriyi ngingo y'ingenzi. Ingaruka ku bidukikije ku musaruro w’inyama Umusaruro w’inyama ugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije, bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije ndetse no kugira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Umusaruro w'inyama ugira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura Kwagura ubuhinzi bw’amatungo akenshi biganisha ku gutema amashyamba gukora…

Shira amenyo yawe mumateka inyuma ya cheeseburger ukunda - umugani urenze kure ibice byayo biryoshye. Kuva ku nka za metani-zifata kugeza ku mashyamba aterwa no gutema amashyamba, buri kuruma bitwara ikirere cyibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku mubumbe wacu muburyo bwimbitse. Iyi ngingo yibanda cyane kubiciro byihishe mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa, byerekana uburyo cheeseburgers igira uruhare mu myuka ihumanya ikirere, ibura ry’amazi, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, no kwangiza aho gutura. Twiyunge natwe mugihe dusuzuma urugendo "Kuva mu rwuri rugana ku mubumbe," tumenye umubare wibidukikije byibi biryo byoroheje kandi bitera amahitamo arambye kubuzima bwiza bwisi

Ibikomoka ku bimera bigenda byamamara mu gihe abantu bagenda bamenya inyungu zabyo nyinshi, atari ku buzima bwite gusa no ku bidukikije. Mu myaka yashize, uruhare rw’ibikomoka ku bimera mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere rwabaye ingingo y’ingenzi cyane. Mu gihe isi ihura n’ibibazo by’ubushyuhe bukabije bw’isi no kwangirika kw’ibidukikije, gufata indyo y’ibimera byagaragaye nkigikoresho gikomeye mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzasuzuma uruhare rukomeye ibikomoka ku bimera bigira mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n'ingaruka nziza ku bidukikije. Kurya ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera birashobora kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ibikomoka ku bimera bifasha kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu kugabanya amashyamba no gukoresha ubutaka mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa. Guhitamo ibimera bishingiye ku nyama n’ibikomoka ku mata birashobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amazi no kubungabunga umutungo w’amazi. Ibikomoka ku bimera biteza imbere umusaruro urambye w’ibiribwa no gukoresha ibicuruzwa. Ingaruka ku bidukikije ku buhinzi bw’inyamaswa 1. Ubuhinzi bw’amatungo…

Mw'isi ya none, aho ibidukikije bibungabungwa cyane, kugira ubuzima bwibikomoka ku bimera bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza. Muguhitamo kujya mubikomoka ku bimera, ntabwo uhitamo gusa impuhwe zinyamanswa gusa, ahubwo unagira uruhare mukubungabunga umubumbe wacu ibisekuruza bizaza. Ingaruka ku bidukikije ku buhinzi bw’amatungo Ubuhinzi bw’amatungo nimpamvu nyamukuru itera amashyamba, umwanda w’amazi, hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Umusaruro winyama, amata, nibindi bikomoka ku nyamaswa bisaba ubutaka bwinshi, amazi, nibiryo. Ibi bigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba kuko amashyamba yatunganijwe kugirango habeho umwanya wo kurisha amatungo cyangwa guhinga imyaka yo kugaburira amatungo. Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi bwinyamanswa butanga umubare munini w’umwanda. Amazi ava mu myanda y’inyamaswa yanduza imigezi, ibiyaga, inyanja, biganisha ku kwanduza amazi no kurabya kwangiza. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha cyane ifumbire n’imiti yica udukoko mu bihingwa by’amatungo bikomeza kugira uruhare…