Gutakaza Ibinyabuzima - Humane Foundation

Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima - urubuga runini rw'ubuzima rukomeza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima no kubaho kw'abantu - ruri mu kaga kitigeze kibaho, kandi ubuhinzi bw'amatungo mu nganda buhagaze nk'imwe mu mbaraga zabwo. Ubworozi bw'uruganda butera amashyamba manini, kuvoma ibishanga, no kwangiza ibyatsi kugirango habeho umwanya wo kuragira amatungo cyangwa guhinga ibihingwa by’ibihingwa byitwa monoculture nka soya n'ibigori. Ibi bikorwa bigabanya ahantu nyaburanga, byimura amoko atabarika, kandi bigatera benshi kurimbuka. Ingaruka mbi ni ndende, ihungabanya urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bigenga ikirere, kweza ikirere n'amazi, kandi bikomeza uburumbuke bw'ubutaka.
Gukoresha cyane ifumbire mvaruganda, imiti yica udukoko, na antibiotike mu buhinzi bw’inganda birihutisha igabanuka ry’ibinyabuzima binyuze mu kwangiza inzira z’amazi, kwangiza ubutaka, no guca intege iminyururu y’ibiribwa. Ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi birashobora kwibasirwa cyane, kubera ko intungamubiri zuzuye zitera ogisijeni zabuze “zone zapfuye” aho amafi n’ibindi binyabuzima bidashobora kubaho. Muri icyo gihe kandi, guhuza ubuhinzi ku isi byangiza ubwoko butandukanye, bigatuma gahunda y'ibiribwa ishobora kwibasirwa n’udukoko, indwara, ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Iki cyiciro gishimangira uburyo kurinda urusobe rwibinyabuzima ntaho bitandukaniye no gutekereza ku mirire yacu nuburyo bwo guhinga. Mu kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bikomoka ku nyamaswa no gukoresha uburyo burambye, bushingiye ku biribwa bishingiye ku bimera, ikiremwamuntu gishobora kugabanya ibibazo by’ibinyabuzima, kurinda amoko yangiritse, no kubungabunga uburinganire bw’ibinyabuzima bushyigikira ubuzima bwose.

Nkuko abatuye isi bakomeje kwiyongera, ni nako ibikenerwa mu biribwa. Imwe mu nkomoko y'ibanze ya poroteyine mu mafunguro yacu ni inyama, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu, kurya inyama byazamutse cyane mu myaka yashize. Nyamara, umusaruro winyama ufite ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije. By'umwihariko, kwiyongera kw'inyama bigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura, bikaba bibangamira urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ndetse n'ubuzima bw'isi yacu. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzasuzuma isano iri hagati yo kurya inyama, gutema amashyamba, no gutakaza aho tuba. Tuzasesengura ibyingenzi byingenzi byiyongera ku nyama ziyongera, ingaruka z’umusaruro w’inyama ku gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho tuba, hamwe n’ibisubizo byakemuka kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke. Mugusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yo kurya inyama, gutema amashyamba, no gutakaza aho tuba, dushobora gukora kugirango dushyireho ejo hazaza heza kuri iyi si yacu ndetse natwe ubwacu. Kurya inyama bigira ingaruka ku mashyamba…

Ubworozi bwabaye igice cyingenzi mumico yabantu mumyaka ibihumbi, bitanga isoko yingenzi yibiribwa nubuzima kubaturage kwisi yose. Nyamara, kwiyongera no gukaza umurego mu nganda mumyaka mirongo ishize byagize ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima no gutandukana kwibinyabuzima byisi. Gukenera ibikomoka ku nyamaswa, biterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage no guhindura imirire, byatumye ubworozi bw’ubworozi bwaguka, bituma habaho imikoreshereze y’ubutaka no kwangiza aho gutura. Ibi byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku binyabuzima, amoko menshi ahura n’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibinyabuzima byahinduwe ku buryo budasubirwaho. Mugihe dukomeje kwishingikiriza ku bworozi bwamatungo kugirango tubatunge kandi tuzamure ubukungu, ni ngombwa gusuzuma no gukemura ingaruka z’inganda ziterwa no gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma uburyo butandukanye uburyo ubworozi bwagize uruhare mu gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibisubizo bishoboka…

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, buzwi kandi nk'ubuhinzi mu nganda, bwabaye uburyo bwiganje mu gutanga ibiribwa mu bihugu byinshi ku isi. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo korora ubwinshi bwamatungo ahantu hafunzwe, intego nyamukuru yo kongera umusaruro ninyungu. Nubwo bisa nkuburyo bwiza bwo kugaburira abaturage biyongera, ingaruka mbi zubuhinzi bwuruganda kubidukikije ndetse nibidukikije muri rusange ntibishobora kwirengagizwa. Kuva kwanduza amasoko y'amazi kugeza kurimbura ahantu nyaburanga, ingaruka zubu buryo bwubuhinzi bwateye imbere ziragera kure kandi ni mbi. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzacukumbura cyane ku ngaruka mbi z’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda ku bidukikije byaho, tunasuzume uburyo dushobora gukangurira abantu kumenya iki kibazo cy’ingutu. Mugusobanukirwa aho ikibazo kigeze no gufata ingamba zo kugikemura, dushobora gukora kugirango dushyireho gahunda y'ibiribwa birambye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije…

Inyanja ifite hejuru ya 70% yubuso bwisi kandi ibamo ubuzima butandukanye bwamazi yo mumazi. Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cy’ibikomoka ku nyanja cyatumye ubworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi bwiyongera nk’uburobyi burambye. Iyi mirima, izwi kandi ku bworozi bw'amafi, bakunze kuvugwa nk'igisubizo cyo kuroba cyane ndetse n'uburyo bwo guhaza ibikenerwa byo mu nyanja bigenda byiyongera. Nyamara, munsi yubuso hari ukuri kwijimye kwingaruka iyi mirima igira kubidukikije byamazi. Nubwo bisa nkibisubizo hejuru, ukuri nuko ubworozi bwinyanja n’amafi bushobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije ndetse ninyamaswa zita inyanja murugo. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacengera cyane mu bworozi bw’inyanja n’amafi kandi dushyire ahagaragara ingaruka zihishe zibangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. Kuva mu gukoresha antibiotike n'imiti yica udukoko kugeza…

Ubuhinzi bwuruganda, uburyo bwateye imbere cyane kandi bukomeye bwo korora amatungo kubyara umusaruro, byabaye ikibazo cyibidukikije. Inzira yinyamanswa itanga ibiryo ntabwo itera gusa ibibazo byimyitwarire yimibereho yinyamaswa ahubwo inagira ingaruka mbi kwisi. Hano hari ibintu 11 by'ingenzi byerekeranye n'imirima y'uruganda n'ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije: 1- Imirima minini y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni kimwe mu bigira uruhare runini mu kwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi, ikarekura metani na oxyde ya nitrous mu kirere. Iyi myuka irakomeye cyane kuruta dioxyde de carbone mu ruhare rwayo mu bushyuhe bw’isi, metani ikaba ifite inshuro zigera kuri 28 mu gufata ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’imyaka 100, na okiside ya nitrous ikubye inshuro 298. Inkomoko yambere y’ibyuka bya metani mu buhinzi bw’uruganda ikomoka ku nyamaswa z’amatungo, nk'inka, intama, n'ihene, zitanga metani nyinshi mu gihe cyo gusya…

Nubwo guhiga byigeze kuba igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwabantu, cyane cyane mumyaka 100.000 ishize mugihe abantu ba mbere bashingiraga guhiga ibiryo, uruhare rwarwo muri iki gihe ruratandukanye cyane. Muri societe ya none, guhiga byahindutse cyane cyane ibikorwa byo kwidagadura bikabije aho gukenera ibibatunga. Kubenshi mubahiga, ntabwo bikiri uburyo bwo kubaho ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kwidagadura bukunze kwangiza inyamaswa bitari ngombwa. Impamvu zitera guhiga muri iki gihe zisanzwe ziterwa no kwinezeza kugiti cyawe, gushaka ibikombe, cyangwa gushaka kwitabira imigenzo ya kera, aho gukenera ibiryo. Mubyukuri, guhiga byagize ingaruka mbi ku baturage b’inyamaswa ku isi. Yagize uruhare runini mu kuzimangana kw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, hamwe n'ingero zigaragara zirimo ingwe ya Tasimani na auk nini, abaturage bayo bakaba bararimbuwe n'ubukorikori. Uku kuzimangana guteye kwibutsa kwibutsa…

Mugihe ihinduka ryibiryo bishingiye ku bimera bigenda byiyongera, ibibazo bivuka kubyerekeye ejo hazaza h’inyamaswa zororerwa ku isi zidafite inyama. Ese ubu bwoko bwororerwa guhitamo, bugamije umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, bushobora kuzimangana? Iki kibazo gikangura ibitekerezo cyibanze mubibazo bikikije amoko yubucuruzi no kubaho kwabo hanze yubuhinzi bwinganda. Usibye impungenge zo kuzimangana, irashimangira inyungu zihindura ibidukikije n’imyitwarire yo kugabanya ubuhinzi bw’inyamaswa - kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kugarura urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, no gushyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa. Intambwe igana ku bimera ntabwo itanga impinduka zimirire gusa ahubwo ni amahirwe yo kuvugurura umubano wabantu na kamere no guteza imbere ejo hazaza heza kubinyabuzima byose.

Inyanja, yuzuye ubuzima kandi ni ngombwa kugira ngo isi iringanize, iragoswe no kuroba cyane no kuroba - imbaraga ebyiri zangiza zitera amoko yo mu nyanja gusenyuka. Kuroba cyane bigabanya umubare w’amafi ku gipimo kidashoboka, mu gihe gufata byinjira mu buryo butarondoreka ibiremwa byugarijwe n’inyenzi zo mu nyanja, dolphine, n’inyoni zo mu nyanja. Iyi myitozo ntabwo ihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja gusa ahubwo inabangamira abaturage bo ku nkombe zishingiye ku burobyi butera imbere kugira ngo babeho. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingaruka zikomeye z’ibi bikorwa ku binyabuzima ndetse no muri sosiyete z’abantu, isaba ko byihutirwa binyuze mu buryo burambye bwo gucunga no gufatanya n’isi yose kubungabunga ubuzima bw’inyanja yacu.

Kwiyongera kwisi kwisi kubicuruzwa byinyamanswa byatumye abantu benshi bahinga ubuhinzi bwuruganda, sisitemu ishingiye cyane kumusaruro wibiryo byinganda. Munsi y’ibikorwa byayo hagaragara umubare munini w’ibidukikije - gutema amashyamba, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, hamwe n’umwanda w’amazi ni zimwe mu ngaruka mbi ziterwa no guhinga ibihingwa byitwa monocult nka soya n'ibigori byo kugaburira amatungo. Iyi myitozo irangiza umutungo kamere, yangiza ubuzima bwubutaka, ihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kandi iremerera abaturage baho mu gihe ingufu z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma ibiciro by’ibidukikije by’umusaruro w’ibiryo ku nyamaswa zo mu ruganda kandi ikagaragaza ko hakenewe cyane ibisubizo birambye birinda isi yacu kandi bigateza imbere ubuhinzi bw’imyitwarire myiza.

Ubuhinzi bwuruganda bwagaragaye nkimbaraga ziganje mu musaruro w’ibiribwa ku isi, ariko umubare w’ibidukikije ntushobora kwirengagiza. Gukenera ubudahwema inyama, amata, n'amagi bitera amashyamba manini no kwangiza aho gutura, amashyamba yaranduwe kugira ngo yakire amatungo kandi ahinge ibihingwa bigaburira nka soya. Iyi myitozo ntabwo yambura umubumbe w’ibinyabuzima gusa ahubwo inashimangira imihindagurikire y’ikirere irekura imyuka myinshi ya karuboni mu kirere. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma uburyo ubuhinzi bw’uruganda butera kwangiza ibidukikije kandi bukerekana ibisubizo bifatika bishobora guha inzira gahunda y’ibiribwa birambye kandi bikarinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima by’isi yacu