Umwanda uhumanya ikirere - Humane Foundation

Ihumana ry’ikirere ni imwe mu ngaruka zangiza ariko zirengagizwa mu buhinzi bw’inyamanswa. Ibikorwa byo kugaburira amatungo (CAFOs) birekura imyuka myinshi yangiza nka ammoniya, metani, na hydrogen sulfide mu kirere, bigatera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’ibidukikije ndetse n’ubuzima bw’abantu. Ibyo byuka bihumanya ikirere gusa ntibigira uruhare mu ihungabana ry’ikirere ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku baturage baho, biganisha ku ndwara z’ubuhumekero, ibibazo by’umutima n’imitsi, ndetse n’ubuzima bw’igihe kirekire.
Imyanda iterwa na miliyari y’inyamaswa zifunzwe - akenshi zibikwa muri lago nini cyangwa zigakwirakwizwa nkifumbire y’amazi - zisohora ibinyabuzima bihindagurika hamwe n’ibintu byiza bitesha agaciro ikirere. Abakozi ndetse n’abaturage baturanye barahohotewe cyane, bahura n’ibibazo byangiza buri munsi byangiza ubuzima ndetse bikanagura ibibazo by’ubutabera bushingiye ku bidukikije. Byongeye kandi, imyuka ya metani iva mu matungo iri mu bigira uruhare runini mu gushyuha ku isi, bikihutirwa gukemura iki kibazo.
Iki cyiciro cyerekana isano iri hagati yo guhinga uruganda no kwangirika kwikirere. Inzibacyuho igana kuri gahunda y'ibiribwa birambye, kugabanya gushingira ku bikomoka ku nyamaswa zo mu nganda, no gufata ingamba z’ubuhinzi zifite isuku ni intambwe zingenzi zo kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere. Kurinda umwuka duhumeka ntabwo ari ikibazo cy’ibidukikije gusa ahubwo ni uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubuzima rusange bw’isi.

Ubuhinzi bwuruganda, uburyo bwateye imbere cyane kandi bukomeye bwo korora amatungo kubyara umusaruro, byabaye ikibazo cyibidukikije. Inzira yinyamanswa itanga ibiryo ntabwo itera gusa ibibazo byimyitwarire yimibereho yinyamaswa ahubwo inagira ingaruka mbi kwisi. Hano hari ibintu 11 by'ingenzi byerekeranye n'imirima y'uruganda n'ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije: 1- Imirima minini y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni kimwe mu bigira uruhare runini mu kwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi, ikarekura metani na oxyde ya nitrous mu kirere. Iyi myuka irakomeye cyane kuruta dioxyde de carbone mu ruhare rwayo mu bushyuhe bw’isi, metani ikaba ifite inshuro zigera kuri 28 mu gufata ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’imyaka 100, na okiside ya nitrous ikubye inshuro 298. Inkomoko yambere y’ibyuka bya metani mu buhinzi bw’uruganda ikomoka ku nyamaswa z’amatungo, nk'inka, intama, n'ihene, zitanga metani nyinshi mu gihe cyo gusya…

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, uburyo bwateye imbere mu korora amatungo kugira ngo butange umusaruro, bwabaye imbarutso yo gutanga ibiribwa ku isi. Nyamara, munsi yuru ruganda rukora neza kandi rwunguka hari ikiguzi cyihishe kandi cyica: guhumanya ikirere. Imyuka iva mu mirima y’uruganda, harimo amoniya, metani, ibintu byangiza, hamwe n’indi myuka yangiza, bitera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima ku baturage ndetse n’abaturage benshi. Ubu buryo bwo kwangiza ibidukikije akenshi ntibumenyekana, ariko ingaruka zubuzima ziragera kure, biganisha ku ndwara zubuhumekero, ibibazo byumutima nimiyoboro, nibindi bibazo byubuzima budakira. Igipimo cy’umwanda uhumanya n’imirima y’uruganda rw’uruganda rufite uruhare runini mu guhumanya ikirere. Ibi bikoresho bibamo inyamaswa ibihumbi n’ibihumbi zifungiwe, aho imyanda iba yegeranye ku bwinshi. Mugihe inyamaswa zisohora imyanda, imiti na gaze bisohoka mu kirere byinjizwa n’inyamaswa ndetse n’ibidukikije. Ubwinshi bwa…

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, uburyo bwo guhinga inyamaswa cyane, bumaze igihe kinini bujyanye n’ibibazo byinshi by’ibidukikije n’imyitwarire, ariko imwe mu ngaruka zangiza kandi akenshi zirengagizwa ni umwanda utanga mu kirere. Ibikorwa by’inganda bigenda byiyongera, aho inyamaswa zibikwa ahantu habi, hadafite isuku, zitanga umwanda mwinshi uhumanya ikirere ugira uruhare mu kwangiza ibidukikije, ibibazo by’ubuzima rusange n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza uburyo ubuhinzi bw’uruganda bufite uruhare runini mu guhumanya ikirere n’ingaruka zikomeye zigira ku buzima bwacu, ku bidukikije, no ku mibereho y’inyamaswa zirimo. Imyanda ihumanya y’uruganda rw’uruganda, cyangwa ibikorwa byo kugaburira amatungo (CAFOs), ibamo inyamaswa ibihumbi n’ibihumbi zifungiwe aho zitanga imyanda ku bwinshi. Ibi bikoresho nisoko ikomeye yanduza ikirere, irekura imyuka itandukanye yangiza nibintu byangiza ikirere. Ibyuka bihumanya cyane birimo: Amoniya (NH3):…

Inganda zimyambarire n’imyenda zimaze igihe kinini zijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho nkubwoya, ubwoya, nimpu, bikomoka ku nyamaswa. Mugihe ibyo bikoresho byizihijwe kubera kuramba, ubushyuhe, no kwinezeza, umusaruro wabyo utera impungenge zikomeye kubidukikije. Iyi ngingo irasesengura ingaruka z’ibidukikije by’ubwoya, ubwoya, n’uruhu, byerekana ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije, imibereho y’inyamaswa, ndetse n’isi muri rusange. Uburyo Umusaruro Wubwoya Wangiza Ibidukikije Inganda zubwoya nimwe muruganda rwangiza ibidukikije kwisi yose. Igitangaje cya 85% byuruhu rwinganda ziva mu nyamaswa zororerwa mu murima w’ubwoya. Iyi mirima ikunze kubamo inyamaswa ibihumbi n’ibihe bigufi, bidafite isuku, aho byororerwa gusa. Ingaruka ku bidukikije zibi bikorwa zirakomeye, kandi ingaruka zirenze kure hafi yimirima. 1. Kwangiza imyanda no guhumana Buri nyamaswa muri uru ruganda…

Ubworozi bw'uruganda bwabaye inkingi y’umusaruro w’ibiribwa bigezweho, utanga inyama zihenze, amata, n’amagi kugira ngo isi ikemuke. Nyamara, ibiciro byihishe kubuzima bwabantu birakomeye kandi biteye ubwoba. Kurwanya antibiyotike iterwa no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bikabije mu bworozi kugeza ku nyongeramusaruro zangiza ndetse n’ibicuruzwa bidafite intungamubiri bigera ku masahani yacu, ingaruka zirenze kure ibyo umuntu akoresha. Hamwe n’umwanda w’ibidukikije hamwe n’ibyago byinshi by’indwara ziterwa n’ibiribwa, ubuhinzi bw’uruganda bugaragaza ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange. Iyi ngingo irasesengura neza izo ngaruka mugihe hagaragajwe uburyo burambye bwo guhinga nkibisubizo bifatika byo guhitamo ubuzima bwiza ndetse nigihe kizaza cyiza kubantu ndetse nisi.

Ubworozi bwuruganda, cyangwa ubuhinzi bwinyamanswa, bwahinduye umusaruro wibiribwa kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byisi ariko biza ku kiguzi kinini kubuzima bwabantu. Usibye impungenge z’ibidukikije n’imyitwarire, iyi sisitemu y’inganda itera ingaruka zikomeye ku ndwara z’ubuhumekero ku bantu. Ibintu byuzuye, bidafite isuku mu mirima y’uruganda bitera ahantu ho kororera indwara ziterwa na virusi zandurira mu kirere n’indwara zoonotike, mu gihe ibyuka bihumanya nka ammonia hamwe n’ibintu bituruka ku myanda y’inyamaswa byanduza ubwiza bw’ikirere. Gukoresha buri gihe antibiyotike bikarushaho gukaza umurego mu kongera antibiyotike irwanya antibiyotike, bigora kuvura indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza isano iteye ubwoba hagati y’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda n’ingaruka z’ubuzima bw’ubuhumekero - bikerekana ingaruka ku bakozi, ku baturage baturanye, ku baguzi, no ku buzima rusange muri rusange - mu gihe hashyirwaho ingamba zirambye zo kurengera abantu ndetse n’isi.

Ubuhinzi bw’amatungo n’ingenzi ariko bukunze kwirengagizwa kugira uruhare mu guhumanya ikirere no kohereza ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bikarenga ndetse n’ubwikorezi mu ngaruka z’ibidukikije. Kuva imyuka ya metani ifitanye isano no gusya amatungo kugeza gutema amashyamba yo kurisha no guhinga ibiryo, uru ruganda rufite uruhare runini mu kwihutisha imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kugabanuka kw’ibidukikije. Mugihe imbaraga zisi zigenda ziyongera mukurwanya izo mbogamizi, gusobanukirwa umubare w’ibidukikije by’inyama n’amata bigenda biba ngombwa. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma ingaruka zigera ku buhinzi bw’inyamanswa, ikagaragaza ibisubizo birambye nk’ubuhinzi bushya bwo kongera umusaruro ndetse n’imirire ishingiye ku bimera, kandi bishimangira uburyo guhitamo abaguzi kumenyeshwa hamwe na politiki ya guverinoma ikomeye bishobora gutera impinduka zifatika zigana ejo hazaza heza.

Guhumanya ikirere ni impungenge ku isi, ariko wari uziko indyo yawe igira uruhare mu bwiza bwumwuka duhumeka? Mu gihe inganda n’imodoka bikunze kubiryozwa, umusaruro winyama ni umusanzu wihishe mukwangiza imyuka yangiza. Kuva kuri metani yarekuwe n'amatungo kugeza gutema amashyamba yo kurisha, umubare w’ibidukikije ukoresha inyama uratangaje. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza uburyo kugenda kutagira inyama bishobora kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere, bigasuzuma ubundi buryo bwa poroteyine bwangiza ibidukikije, kandi bukanatanga inama zifatika zo kwimukira mu buzima bushingiye ku bimera. Twiyunge natwe kuvumbura uburyo impinduka nke zimirire zishobora kuganisha ku bidukikije - n'umwuka mwiza kuri bose