Umwiza

Iki gice kiragaragaza ibiciro by’ibidukikije mu buhinzi bw’amatungo y’inganda - ibiciro bikunze kwihishwa inyuma y’ibipfunyika bifite isuku n’ibikoreshwa bisanzwe. Hano, turagaragaza uburyo butera isenyuka ry’ibidukikije: gutema amashyamba menshi y’amashyamba y’imvura n’inzuri no kugaburira ibihingwa, kugabanuka kwinyanja binyuze mu burobyi bw’inganda, kwanduza imigezi nubutaka n’imyanda y’inyamaswa, no gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere nka metani na okiside ya nitrous. Ibi ntabwo ari ibisubizo byonyine cyangwa impanuka - byubatswe muburyo bwa sisitemu ifata inyamaswa nkibicuruzwa nisi nkigikoresho.
Kuva kwangiza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima kugeza ubushyuhe bw’ikirere, ubuhinzi bw’inganda buri hagati y’ibibazo byihutirwa by’ibidukikije. Iki cyiciro gikuramo ibyo byangiritse byibanda ku nsanganyamatsiko eshatu zifitanye isano: Kwangiza ibidukikije, byerekana urugero rw’irimbuka ryatewe n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, umwanda, ndetse no gutakaza aho gutura; Ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja, bigaragaza ingaruka mbi zo kuroba cyane no kwangirika kw'inyanja; no Kuramba no Gukemura, byerekana inzira igana ku mafunguro ashingiye ku bimera, imikorere mishya, no guhindura gahunda. Binyuze muri izo lens, turwanya igitekerezo cyuko kwangiza ibidukikije nigiciro gikenewe cyiterambere.
Inzira igana imbere ntabwo ishoboka gusa - iragaragara. Mugihe tumenye isano iri hagati yimikorere yacu y'ibiribwa, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, n'inshingano mbonezamubano, dushobora gutangira kubaka umubano wacu n'isi. Iki cyiciro kiraguhamagarira gushakisha ibibazo hamwe nigisubizo, gutanga ubuhamya no gukora. Mugukora ibyo, twemeza icyerekezo cyo kuramba atari igitambo, ahubwo nkigikiza; ntabwo ari imipaka, ahubwo nk'ukwibohoza - ku Isi, ku nyamaswa, no ku gisekuru kizaza.

Guhitamo ibikomoka ku bimera birenze guhindura imirire; ni umusemburo w'ingaruka zifatika ku isi. Kuva mu kubungabunga imibereho y’inyamaswa kugeza kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza, iyi mibereho ihinduka ifite imbaraga zo guhindura impinduka mu mpande nyinshi. Mu kugabanya ibikenerwa ku bikomoka ku nyamaswa, abantu batanga umusanzu ku nyamaswa nke zangirika, imyuka ihumanya ikirere, no gukoresha neza umutungo nk’amazi n’ubutaka. Mugihe ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera bigenda byiyongera ku isi hose, biravugurura amasoko kandi bigatera imbaraga hamwe bigana ahazaza heza, byerekana ko guhitamo k'umuntu umwe bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye.

Ubworozi bwuruganda, cyangwa ubuhinzi bwinyamanswa, bwahinduye umusaruro wibiribwa kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byisi ariko biza ku kiguzi kinini kubuzima bwabantu. Usibye impungenge z’ibidukikije n’imyitwarire, iyi sisitemu y’inganda itera ingaruka zikomeye ku ndwara z’ubuhumekero ku bantu. Ibintu byuzuye, bidafite isuku mu mirima y’uruganda bitera ahantu ho kororera indwara ziterwa na virusi zandurira mu kirere n’indwara zoonotike, mu gihe ibyuka bihumanya nka ammonia hamwe n’ibintu bituruka ku myanda y’inyamaswa byanduza ubwiza bw’ikirere. Gukoresha buri gihe antibiyotike bikarushaho gukaza umurego mu kongera antibiyotike irwanya antibiyotike, bigora kuvura indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza isano iteye ubwoba hagati y’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda n’ingaruka z’ubuzima bw’ubuhumekero - bikerekana ingaruka ku bakozi, ku baturage baturanye, ku baguzi, no ku buzima rusange muri rusange - mu gihe hashyirwaho ingamba zirambye zo kurengera abantu ndetse n’isi.

Uburobyi bukunze kugaragara nkimyidagaduro yamahoro cyangwa isoko yingenzi yibiribwa, ariko ingaruka zayo kumibereho yinyanja ivuga inkuru itandukanye. Uburobyi bwombi bwidagadura nubucuruzi butera amafi nandi matungo yo mu mazi guhangayika cyane, gukomeretsa, nububabare. Kuva mubugome bwihishe bwuburyo bwo gufata no kurekura kugeza kurimbuka rinini ryatewe no gukurura, ibyo bikorwa ntabwo byangiza amoko yibasiwe gusa ahubwo binangiza nabandi batabarika binyuze mubikoresho byabitswe. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza impungenge zijyanye nuburobyi mugihe hagaragajwe ubundi buryo bwa kimuntu burinda ubuzima bwinyanja kandi buteza imbere kubana na kamere

Inyanja, yuzuye ubuzima kandi ni ngombwa kugira ngo isi iringanize, iragoswe no kuroba cyane no kuroba - imbaraga ebyiri zangiza zitera amoko yo mu nyanja gusenyuka. Kuroba cyane bigabanya umubare w’amafi ku gipimo kidashoboka, mu gihe gufata byinjira mu buryo butarondoreka ibiremwa byugarijwe n’inyenzi zo mu nyanja, dolphine, n’inyoni zo mu nyanja. Iyi myitozo ntabwo ihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja gusa ahubwo inabangamira abaturage bo ku nkombe zishingiye ku burobyi butera imbere kugira ngo babeho. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingaruka zikomeye z’ibi bikorwa ku binyabuzima ndetse no muri sosiyete z’abantu, isaba ko byihutirwa binyuze mu buryo burambye bwo gucunga no gufatanya n’isi yose kubungabunga ubuzima bw’inyanja yacu.

Inyama zihenze nibikomoka ku mata birasa nkaho byumvikanyweho, ariko igiciro cyabyo kirenze kure igiciro. Inyuma yubushobozi buhebuje hari casake yingaruka zihishe kubuzima, ibidukikije, n'imibereho yinyamaswa. Kuva amashyamba hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugeza kurwanya antibiyotike hamwe n’ubuhinzi butemewe, inganda zikunze gushyira imbere inyungu kuruta kuramba. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingaruka zitagaragara z’inyama zihenze n’umusaruro w’amata, zitanga ubushishozi bwukuntu guhitamo neza bishobora guha inzira umubumbe mwiza, gufata neza inyamaswa, no kuzamura imibereho myiza kuri bose

Inganda z’amata zishushanya umunezero w’abashumba, nyamara ukuri kwinka zitabarika zamata nimwe mububabare budahwema gukoreshwa. Iyo nyamaswa ziyambuye kamere karemano, zihura n’inda zitwite ku gahato, gutandukana n’inyana zazo, ndetse n’ubuzima bubi bugamije kongera umusaruro w’amata ku kiguzi cy’imibereho yabo. Ibicuruzwa ntabwo byangiza inka gusa n’amarangamutima ku nka ahubwo binatera impungenge zikomeye ku buzima ku bantu barya amata - kubihuza n'indwara z'umutima, kutoroherana kwa lactose, n'izindi ndwara. Byongeye kandi, umubare w’ibidukikije ntushobora guhakana, kubera ko gutema amashyamba hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byongera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri gukomeye inyuma y’ubuhinzi bw’amata mu gihe hagaragazwa ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera bushingiye ku bimera bifasha imibereho y’inyamaswa, ubuzima bw’abantu, ndetse no kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, urufatiro rw’inyama z’inganda n’umusaruro w’amata, uragenda unengwa kubera ingaruka mbi zagize ku mibereho y’inyamaswa ndetse n’ubuzima rusange. Usibye ibibazo by'imyitwarire yerekeye gufata nabi inyamaswa, ibyo bikorwa ni ahantu h’indwara zonotike, kurwanya antibiyotike, n'indwara ziterwa n'ibiribwa - bikaba byangiza ubuzima bw'abantu. Imiterere yuzuye, isuku nke, hamwe no gukoresha antibiyotike ikabije ntabwo byangiza inyamaswa gusa ahubwo binatera inzira inzira ziterwa na virusi nka Salmonella na E. coli kugirango zanduze ibyo kurya byacu. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma isano iri hagati yubugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa mu mirima y’uruganda n’ingaruka zayo ku buzima rusange bw’abaturage mu gihe hagaragazwa igisubizo gishobora guteza imbere uburyo bwizewe, bwuzuye impuhwe ku musaruro w’ibiribwa

Urugendo rwinkoko broiler kuva mubyumba kugeza ku isahani yo kurya irerekana isi yihishe yububabare ikunze kutamenyekana nabaguzi. Inyuma yorohereza inkoko zihendutse hariho gahunda iterwa no gukura byihuse, imiterere yabantu benshi, hamwe nubumuntu butagira inyungu bushyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho yinyamaswa. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ibibazo by’imyitwarire, ingaruka z’ibidukikije, n’ingorabahizi zashyizwe mu nganda z’inkoko broiler, isaba abasomyi guhangana n’igiciro nyacyo cy’umusaruro w’inkoko. Mugushakisha uko ibintu bimeze no guharanira impinduka, dushobora gutera intambwe ifatika mugushiraho uburyo bwibiryo bwuzuye impuhwe kandi burambye

Kurwanya antibiyotike no kwanduza imyanda y’ubuhinzi bw’amatungo ni ibibazo byihutirwa ku isi bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima rusange bw’abaturage, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ndetse no kwihaza mu biribwa. Gukoresha buri gihe antibiyotike mu bworozi bw’amatungo hagamijwe kuzamura imikurire no kwirinda indwara byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka gukabije kwa bagiteri zirwanya antibiyotike, bikangiza imikorere y’ubuvuzi bwa ngombwa. Muri icyo gihe, imyanda icungwa nabi ituruka ku bikorwa byo kugaburira amatungo (CAFOs) itangiza imyanda yangiza-harimo ibisigisigi bya antibiotike, imisemburo, nintungamubiri zirenze urugero - mu butaka n’amazi. Uku kwanduza guhungabanya ubuzima bwo mu mazi, bikabangamira ubwiza bw’amazi, kandi byihutisha ikwirakwizwa rya bagiteri zidakira binyuze mu nzira z’ibidukikije. Gukemura ibyo bibazo bisaba uburyo bwo guhinga burambye bushyira imbere uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha antibiyotike hamwe n’ingamba zikomeye zo gucunga imyanda mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima bw’abantu no kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Kwiyongera kwisi kwisi kubicuruzwa byinyamanswa byatumye abantu benshi bahinga ubuhinzi bwuruganda, sisitemu ishingiye cyane kumusaruro wibiryo byinganda. Munsi y’ibikorwa byayo hagaragara umubare munini w’ibidukikije - gutema amashyamba, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, hamwe n’umwanda w’amazi ni zimwe mu ngaruka mbi ziterwa no guhinga ibihingwa byitwa monocult nka soya n'ibigori byo kugaburira amatungo. Iyi myitozo irangiza umutungo kamere, yangiza ubuzima bwubutaka, ihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kandi iremerera abaturage baho mu gihe ingufu z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma ibiciro by’ibidukikije by’umusaruro w’ibiryo ku nyamaswa zo mu ruganda kandi ikagaragaza ko hakenewe cyane ibisubizo birambye birinda isi yacu kandi bigateza imbere ubuhinzi bw’imyitwarire myiza.