Umwiza

Iki gice kiragaragaza ibiciro by’ibidukikije mu buhinzi bw’amatungo y’inganda - ibiciro bikunze kwihishwa inyuma y’ibipfunyika bifite isuku n’ibikoreshwa bisanzwe. Hano, turagaragaza uburyo butera isenyuka ry’ibidukikije: gutema amashyamba menshi y’amashyamba y’imvura n’inzuri no kugaburira ibihingwa, kugabanuka kwinyanja binyuze mu burobyi bw’inganda, kwanduza imigezi nubutaka n’imyanda y’inyamaswa, no gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere nka metani na okiside ya nitrous. Ibi ntabwo ari ibisubizo byonyine cyangwa impanuka - byubatswe muburyo bwa sisitemu ifata inyamaswa nkibicuruzwa nisi nkigikoresho.
Kuva kwangiza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima kugeza ubushyuhe bw’ikirere, ubuhinzi bw’inganda buri hagati y’ibibazo byihutirwa by’ibidukikije. Iki cyiciro gikuramo ibyo byangiritse byibanda ku nsanganyamatsiko eshatu zifitanye isano: Kwangiza ibidukikije, byerekana urugero rw’irimbuka ryatewe n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, umwanda, ndetse no gutakaza aho gutura; Ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja, bigaragaza ingaruka mbi zo kuroba cyane no kwangirika kw'inyanja; no Kuramba no Gukemura, byerekana inzira igana ku mafunguro ashingiye ku bimera, imikorere mishya, no guhindura gahunda. Binyuze muri izo lens, turwanya igitekerezo cyuko kwangiza ibidukikije nigiciro gikenewe cyiterambere.
Inzira igana imbere ntabwo ishoboka gusa - iragaragara. Mugihe tumenye isano iri hagati yimikorere yacu y'ibiribwa, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, n'inshingano mbonezamubano, dushobora gutangira kubaka umubano wacu n'isi. Iki cyiciro kiraguhamagarira gushakisha ibibazo hamwe nigisubizo, gutanga ubuhamya no gukora. Mugukora ibyo, twemeza icyerekezo cyo kuramba atari igitambo, ahubwo nkigikiza; ntabwo ari imipaka, ahubwo nk'ukwibohoza - ku Isi, ku nyamaswa, no ku gisekuru kizaza.

Imyambarire yamye ari inganda zihora zitera imbere, zihora zisunika imipaka kandi zishyiraho inzira nshya. Ariko, hagati yicyubahiro na glitz, hari impungenge zigenda zitera ingaruka kumyambarire kubidukikije. Hamwe no kuzamuka kwimyambarire yihuse ningaruka zayo mbi kuri iyi si, habaye impinduka ziganisha kumikorere irambye kandi yimyitwarire muruganda. Imwe mungendo nkiyi igenda yiyongera ni ibikomoka ku bimera, ntabwo ari uguhitamo imirire, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kubaho no guhitamo imyambarire. Igitekerezo cy’ibikomoka ku bimera, giteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa bitarangwamo inyamaswa, byageze no mu myambarire, bituma havuka ijambo "imyambarire y’ibikomoka ku bimera" cyangwa "imyenda y’ibikomoka ku bimera". Iyi myumvire ntabwo ari imyambarire irengana gusa, ahubwo ihinduka rikomeye ryerekeza kubidukikije no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzacengera cyane ku ruhare rw’ibikomoka ku bimera mu buryo burambye, dushakisha ibyiza byacyo…

Mugihe impungenge zibidukikije zifata umwanya wambere, ingaruka zo guhitamo imirire kwisi ziragenda bidashoboka kwirengagiza. Ibiryo turya bigira uruhare runini muguhindura ibirenge bya karubone, indyo ishingiye ku nyama igira uruhare runini mu kwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kubura umutungo. Ibinyuranye, ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera bigenda bigaragara nkuburyo burambye, butanga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kugabanya amazi, no kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y’inyama n’ibiribwa bishingiye ku bimera ukurikije ingaruka z’ibidukikije - gucengera amashyamba, imyuka ya metani iva mu bworozi bw’amatungo, hamwe n’ibirenge by’ubwikorezi. Iyo dusuzumye ibyo bintu dukoresheje ibimenyetso bishingiye ku bimenyetso, tumenya uburyo guhinduka ku ngeso yo kurya ishingiye ku bimera bishobora gufasha kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu gihe haterwa umubumbe muzima mu bihe bizaza.

Ibikomoka ku bimera ni ubudodo bwisi yose bukozwe mu nsanganyamatsiko, umuco, n'impuhwe. Nubwo akenshi bifatwa nkuburyo bwo guhitamo ubuzima bugezweho, indyo ishingiye ku bimera ifite imizi yimbitse mumigenzo n'imyizerere y'imiryango itandukanye kwisi. Kuva ahimsa yatewe n'ibikomoka ku bimera byo mu Buhinde kugeza ku ntungamubiri zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri za Mediterane hamwe n'imikorere irambye y'imico kavukire, ibikomoka ku bimera birenga imipaka n'ibihe. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza uburyo imigenzo ishingiye ku bimera yagize umurage wo guteka, indangagaciro, imyitwarire y’ibidukikije, hamwe n’ubuzima mu bihe byose. Twiyunge natwe murugendo rwiza mumateka mugihe twishimira itandukaniro rinini ryibikomoka ku bimera mumico-aho imigenzo itajyanye n'igihe ihura nigihe kirekire kugirango ejo hazaza harangwe impuhwe.

Kurarikira uburyohe bwinyama mugihe ugumye mubyukuri indangagaciro zawe no kurinda isi? Kurenga Inyama ni uguhindura ibiryo hamwe nubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera bigana uburyohe, imiterere, no guhaza inyama gakondo - bitangiza inyamaswa cyangwa ngo bigabanye umutungo kamere. Nkuko kurya birambye bigenda byiyongera, Hejuru yinyama iyobora amafaranga mugutanga ibicuruzwa bishya bihuza imirire, uburyohe, nimpuhwe. Shakisha uburyo iki kirango cyibanze gisobanura igihe cyo kurya kugirango ejo hazaza heza

Umubumbe uhura n’ibibazo bitigeze bibaho mu bidukikije, hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, gutema amashyamba, ndetse no gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bituma urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rugabanuka. Intandaro yibi bibazo hashingiwe ku buhinzi bw’inyamaswa - umushoferi uyobora imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kwangiza aho gutura, no kubura amazi. Kwimukira mu biryo bishingiye ku bimera bitanga inzira ikomeye yo guhangana n’ibi bibazo mu gihe biteza imbere kandi bikarinda inyamaswa. Muguhitamo amafunguro-y-ibimera, dushobora kugabanya cyane ingaruka z’ibidukikije kandi tukagira uruhare mu bihe bizaza ku bantu ndetse no ku isi. Guhitamo byose bifite akamaro - reka dufate ingamba icyarimwe

Shira amenyo yawe mumateka inyuma ya cheeseburger ukunda - umugani urenze kure ibice byayo biryoshye. Kuva ku nka za metani-zifata kugeza ku mashyamba aterwa no gutema amashyamba, buri kuruma bitwara ikirere cyibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku mubumbe wacu muburyo bwimbitse. Iyi ngingo yibanda cyane kubiciro byihishe mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa, byerekana uburyo cheeseburgers igira uruhare mu myuka ihumanya ikirere, ibura ry’amazi, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, no kwangiza aho gutura. Twiyunge natwe mugihe dusuzuma urugendo "Kuva mu rwuri rugana ku mubumbe," tumenye umubare wibidukikije byibi biryo byoroheje kandi bitera amahitamo arambye kubuzima bwiza bwisi

Ibura ry'inzuki ryabaye impungenge ku isi mu myaka yashize, kubera ko uruhare rwabo nk'ibyangiza ari ingenzi ku buzima no guhungabanya ibidukikije. Hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cyibiribwa byacu bitaziguye cyangwa butaziguye biterwa n’umwanda, igabanuka ry’abaturage b’inzuki ryazamuye inzogera zivuga ku buryo burambye gahunda y’ibiribwa byacu. Mu gihe hari ibintu bitandukanye bigira uruhare mu kugabanuka kwinzuki, ibikorwa byo guhinga inganda byagaragaye ko ari nyirabayazana. Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko hamwe nubuhanga bwo guhinga monoculture ntabwo byangije gusa abaturage b’inzuki, ahubwo byanabangamiye aho batuye ndetse n’isoko ry’ibiribwa. Ibi byavuyemo ingaruka za domino, ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku nzuki gusa ahubwo no ku yandi moko ndetse no kuringaniza ibidukikije. Mu gihe dukomeje gushingira ku buhinzi bw’inganda kugira ngo duhuze ibiribwa bikenerwa, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibi…

Antibiyotike yashimiwe ko ari imwe mu majyambere akomeye y’ubuvuzi mu bihe bya none, itanga igikoresho gikomeye cyo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri. Ariko, kimwe nigikoresho icyo aricyo cyose gikomeye, burigihe hariho amahirwe yo gukoresha nabi ningaruka zitateganijwe. Mu myaka yashize, gukoresha cyane no gukoresha nabi antibiyotike mu nganda z’ubuhinzi byateje ikibazo ku isi hose: kurwanya antibiyotike. Ubwiyongere bw'ubuhinzi bw'uruganda, bwibanda ku musaruro mwinshi w'amatungo mu bihe bifunze, akenshi bidafite isuku, byatumye hakoreshwa antibiyotike mu biryo by'amatungo mu rwego rwo gukumira no kuvura indwara. Nubwo ibi bisa nkaho ari ingamba zikenewe kugirango ubuzima bw’amatungo bumere neza, byagize ingaruka zitunguranye kandi zangiza ku buzima bw’inyamaswa ndetse n’abantu. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma uburyo buteye ubwoba bwo kurwanya antibiyotike no guhuza ibikorwa byo guhinga uruganda. Tuzibira muri…

Amata na foromaje bimaze igihe kinini bikunzwe cyane mubiryo bitabarika, byizihizwa kubera amavuta meza kandi bihumura. Ariko inyuma yibikurura ibyo bicuruzwa byamata bikunzwe haribintu byijimye bikunze kutamenyekana. Inganda z’amata n’inyama zuzuyemo ibikorwa bibabaza inyamaswa cyane, byangiza ibidukikije, kandi bitera impungenge zikomeye z’imyitwarire. Kuva ku ifungwa rikaze ry’inka kugeza ku bidukikije by’ubuhinzi bwimbitse, iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri kudashidikanywaho kwihishe inyuma yikirahuri cyamata cyangwa ibice bya foromaje. Igihe kirageze cyo gutekereza ku guhitamo kwacu, kwakira impuhwe, no gushakisha ubundi buryo burambye bujyanye nigihe kizaza cyiza ku nyamaswa ndetse nisi yacu.

Tekereza isi aho amashyamba ahagaze muremure, inzuzi zirabagirana zifite isuku, kandi inyamanswa zitera imbere nta terabwoba. Iyerekwa ntabwo rigeze kure nkuko bigaragara-isahani yawe ifata urufunguzo. Inganda z’inyama n’amata ziri mu zagize uruhare runini mu gutema amashyamba, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kwanduza amazi, no kuzimangana. Muguhindura indyo ishingiye ku bimera, urashobora kugira uruhare runini muguhindura izo ngaruka. Kuva kumenagura ibirenge bya karubone kugeza kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, buri funguro ni amahirwe yo kurinda isi yacu. Witeguye kugira icyo uhindura? Reka dusuzume uburyo impinduka nke zimirire zishobora gutera iterambere ryibidukikije!