Kubona inyamaswa zizerera zizerera mu mihanda cyangwa zirembye mu buhungiro nibutsa umutima wibibazo bikomeje kwiyongera: kutagira aho uba mu nyamaswa. Amamiriyoni y'injangwe, imbwa, n'andi matungo ku isi abaho adafite amazu ahoraho, ashobora kwibasirwa n'inzara, indwara, ndetse n'ihohoterwa. Gusobanukirwa nintandaro yiki kibazo no gufata ingamba zifatika zo kubikemura birashobora kugira itandukaniro ryimbitse.
Kuri buri mbwa cyangwa injangwe byamahirwe yishimira urugo rwiza kandi urukundo rutagira akagero rwumurinzi wumuntu witanze, hariho abandi batabarika ubuzima bwabo bwaranzwe ningorane, kutitaho, nububabare. Izi nyamaswa zihura n’ibibazo bitavugwa, ziharanira kubaho mu mihanda cyangwa kwihanganira gufatwa nabi n’abantu badafite ubushobozi, abatishoboye, barengerwa, uburangare, cyangwa bahohotera. Benshi barambaraye mu nyamaswa zuzuye abantu, bizeye umunsi bazabona urugo rwuje urukundo.
Imbwa, bakunze kwitwa “inshuti magara y'umuntu,” ikunze guhura n'ubuzima bwo kubabazwa. Benshi bafungiwe ku munyururu uremereye, bamaganwa kubaho hanze mu bushyuhe bwinshi, imbeho ikonje, n'imvura idasanzwe. Hatabayeho kwitabwaho cyangwa kubana neza, barababara haba kumubiri no mumarangamutima, bambuwe umudendezo nurukundo bifuza. Imbwa zimwe zihura n’amateka mabi cyane mu mpeta zikaze zo kurwanya imbwa, aho bahatiwe kurwanira kubaho, kwihanganira ibikomere biteye ubwoba kandi akenshi bapfa biturutse kuri ubwo bugizi bwa nabi.
Hagati aho, injangwe, zihura n’ibibazo byazo bibabaza umutima. Abasigaye bazerera batagenzuwe cyangwa bahindukiye bava mu buhungiro “nta-kwica” bahura n'ubugome budasanzwe. Injangwe zo hanze zarozwe, ziraswa, ziratwikwa, cyangwa umutego urohama n’abantu bahamagaye bababona ko ari bibi aho kuba ibinyabuzima. Injangwe zororoka, mugushakisha cyane ubushyuhe muminsi yubukonje, rimwe na rimwe zikururuka munsi yimodoka cyangwa mukigero cya moteri, aho zikomeretse bikabije cyangwa zicwa nicyuma cyabafana. Ndetse n'injangwe zo mu rugo ntizirinda imibabaro; kubaga kubabaza no guhahamuka kubuza-kubuzwa mu bice byinshi byisi-kubambura ubwirinzi bwabo, bigatuma bashobora gukomeretsa nububabare budakira.
Inyoni, zikunze gushimirwa ubwiza nindirimbo zabo, zihanganira uburyo bwazo bwo kuba iminyago. Bifungiye mu kato, benshi bahinduka neurotic kubera guhangayikishwa no kwifungisha, umwuka wabo wuzuye watewe no kubura umudendezo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amafi n’andi matungo mato, agurishwa nk '“amatungo atangira,” akenshi birengagizwa n’abantu bafite intego nziza badafite ubumenyi cyangwa ibikoresho byo kubitaho neza. Izi nyamaswa, nubwo ari ntoya, zibabazwa no guceceka, ibyo zikeneye no kubaho neza birengagijwe.
Ibyago ntibirangirira aho. Ababitsa, bayobowe nigitugu cyangwa imigambi itari yo, bakusanya inyamaswa mumibare itangaje, bigatera ibidukikije bibi byumwanda no gusebanya. Izi nyamaswa, zafatiwe mu bihe byuzuye kandi bidafite isuku, zikunze kubura ibiryo, amazi, n’ubuvuzi, bigatuma zisigara zipfa buhoro kandi zibabaza.
Uku kuri kurashimangira gushimangira byihutirwa impuhwe, uburezi, nibikorwa. Ikiremwa cyose gikwiye kubahwa, kwitabwaho, n'amahirwe yo kubaho nta kibi. Haba mu guharanira amategeko akomeye, gushyigikira gahunda zo gutera no gutesha umutwe, cyangwa gukwirakwiza gusa imyumvire, buri wese afite imbaraga zo kugira icyo ahindura mubuzima bwinyamaswa zoroshye. Gusa kubwo guhuriza hamwe imbaraga, dushobora kwizera guca ukubiri nububabare no kwemeza ejo hazaza heza h’inyamaswa zose.
Kuki hariho inyamaswa nyinshi zidakenewe kandi zitagira aho ziba?
Ukuri kubabaza inyamaswa zidafite aho kuba ni ikibazo cyisi yose ishingiye kumyitwarire yabantu, imyifatire yabo, no kunanirwa kwa gahunda. Nubwo abantu bagenda biyongera, ikibazo cy’abaturage benshi kiracyakomeza kubera ko abantu benshi bagura amatungo ku borozi cyangwa mu maduka y’amatungo, batabishaka bashyigikira urusyo rw’inyana n’imbwa - inganda zishyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho y’inyamaswa. Izi nsyo zizwiho imiterere yubumuntu, aho inyamaswa zifatwa nkibicuruzwa aho kuba ibinyabuzima. Muguhitamo kugura aho kurera, abantu bakomeza ukwezi kutagira aho baba kubantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bategereje mu buhungiro amahirwe yo kubaho neza.
Ikintu gikomeye kigira uruhare muri iki kibazo ni ukunanirwa kwa ba nyiri amatungo gutera cyangwa gutobora amatungo yabo. Iyo imbwa ninjangwe bisigaye bidahinduwe, byororoka cyane, bigakora imyanda ikunze kurenga ubushobozi bwamazu ashinzwe. Injangwe imwe itishyuwe, nkurugero, irashobora kubyara inyana nyinshi mubuzima bwe, kandi benshi mururu rubyaro bazakomeza kugira imyanda yabo. Iyororoka ryiyongera ritera ikibazo cyabaturage benshi, hamwe ningaruka mbi ku nyamaswa ndetse n’abaturage.
Buri mwaka muri Amerika honyine, miliyoni zirenga 6 zazimiye, zatereranywe, cyangwa zidakenewe - zirimo imbwa, injangwe, inkwavu, ndetse n'amatungo adasanzwe - zisanga mu buhungiro. Ikibabaje ni uko inyinshi muri ubwo buhungiro zuzuye abantu kandi badafite amafaranga, baharanira gutanga ubuvuzi buhagije. Mugihe inyamanswa zimwe zinjizwa mumazu yuje urukundo, amamiriyoni aratangwa kubera kubura umwanya, umutungo, cyangwa inyungu kubashobora kubakira. Ibintu bimeze nabi cyane no mu tundi turere tw'isi, aho usanga gahunda zo kubakira zidatera imbere cyane, bigatuma inyamaswa zitagira aho zishakira ubwabo mu mihanda.
Ubwinshi bwikibazo cyinyamanswa zabantu benshi birashobora kumva ko ari byinshi. Ariko, kubikemura bitangirana no kwiyemeza gushiraho "igihugu kitavuka." Mugushira imbere ibikorwa byo gutera spay na neutering, dushobora kugabanya cyane umubare winyamaswa zidashaka kwinjira mwisi. Gutera no kutagira aho bihurira ntibirinda gusa abantu benshi ahubwo binatanga inyungu nyinshi zubuzima n’imyitwarire y’amatungo, nko kugabanya ibyago bya kanseri zimwe na zimwe no kugabanya ubukana.
Uburezi ni ikindi kintu gikomeye mu gukemura iki kibazo. Benshi mu bafite amatungo ntibazi akamaro ko guhagarika amatungo yabo cyangwa ingaruka zo kugura amatungo aho kuyakira. Gahunda zo kwegera abaturage, ubukangurambaga bwishuri, n'amatangazo ya serivisi rusange birashobora gufasha guhindura imyumvire yabaturage, gushimangira agaciro ko kurera no gutunga amatungo ashinzwe.
Amategeko akomeye nayo ni ngombwa mu kurwanya intandaro y’abaturage benshi. Amategeko ategeka gutera no gutera akabariro, kugenga imikorere y’ubworozi, no guhashya urusyo rw’ibibwana n’injangwe birashobora gufasha gukumira iyinjira ry’inyamaswa zitagira aho ziba. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma n’imiryango bigomba gufatanya gutera inkunga gahunda zidahenze cyangwa gahunda yo kuboneza urubyaro ku buntu, kugira ngo inzitizi z’amafaranga zitabuza abafite amatungo gutera iyi ntambwe ikomeye.
Ubwanyuma, gukemura ikibazo cyubwinshi bwinyamanswa bisaba ibikorwa rusange. Umuntu ku giti cye arashobora kugira icyo ahindura mu gukura mu buhungiro, kurera inyamaswa zikeneye, no gukwirakwiza ubumenyi ku kamaro ko gutera no kutagira aho bihurira. Hamwe nimpuhwe, uburezi, hamwe no kwiyemeza guhinduka, turashobora kwiyegereza isi aho inyamaswa zose zifite urugo rwurukundo nubuzima butarangwamo imibabaro. Twese hamwe, turashobora guca ukwezi kandi tukemeza ko nta nyamaswa isigaye inyuma.
Ubugome Abasangirangendo b'inyamaswa bahura nazo
Mugihe bamwe mubagize amahirwe yinyamanswa bakundwa nkumuryango ukundwa, abandi batabarika bihanganira ubuzima bwuzuye ububabare budasanzwe, kutitaweho, no gufatwa nabi. Kuri aya matungo, isezerano ryo gusabana rirengerwa nukuri gukabije guhohoterwa no kutita kubantu. Nubwo amategeko amwe amwe yubugome bwinyamaswa abujijwe n amategeko, ibikorwa byinshi byo gutukana bikomeza kwemerwa byemewe n'amategeko cyangwa birengagijwe rwose. Uku kutagira uburinzi gusiga amamiriyoni yinyamaswa zibasirwa nububabare, akenshi ziba zatewe nabagomba kubitaho.
Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe kandi bubabaza umutima bwubugome ni ugukomeza gufunga inyamaswa. Mu turere twinshi, nta tegeko ribuza abantu kuboha imbwa zabo ku nkingi cyangwa ibiti iminsi, ibyumweru, cyangwa ubuzima bwabo bwose. Izi nyamaswa zisigaye zihura nubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe bukonje, imvura na shelegi, hamwe na hamwe. Bambuwe ubusabane, imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kwitabwaho neza, akenshi barwara imirire mibi, umwuma, hamwe nububabare bukabije bwamarangamutima. Iminyururu yabo ikunze kwinjizwa muruhu rwabo, bigatera ububabare bukabije nubwandu, mugihe kwigunga kwabo bishobora gutera imyitwarire ya neurotic cyangwa guhagarika amarangamutima burundu.
Gutemagura kugirango byorohereze abantu nubundi buryo bwubugome bwugarije inyamaswa nyinshi. Rimwe na rimwe, ibice by'amano, amatwi, cyangwa umurizo byaciwe, akenshi nta anesteya ikwiye cyangwa gucunga ububabare. Ubu buryo, nko gufunga umurizo cyangwa gutwi mu mbwa, bikorwa gusa kubwimpamvu zuburanga cyangwa imigenzo ishaje, bitera ububabare bukabije nibibi byigihe kirekire kumubiri no mumarangamutima. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, inyamaswa zimwe na zimwe ziremewe, inzira ikubiyemo guca ingingo ya nyuma ya buri mano, igasigara itagira kirengera kandi ikababara karande. Nubwo imibabaro idakenewe izi nzira zitera, ziracyakorwa ndetse zisanzwe mubice byinshi byisi.
Ndetse abakoroni bagenewe "gutoza" inyamaswa zirashobora kuba ibikoresho byubugome. Shock collars, kurugero, itanga imbwa zibabaza amashanyarazi nkigihano cyimyitwarire isanzwe nko gutontoma cyangwa gutembera hafi yabo. Ibi bikoresho birashobora gutera ubwoba, guhangayika, no guhahamuka, byigisha inyamaswa guhuza ibikorwa bya buri munsi nububabare aho kuyobora. Mugihe gikabije, amakariso arashobora gukora nabi cyangwa gukoreshwa cyane, bikaviramo gutwikwa cyangwa gukomeretsa burundu.
Kurenga kuri iryo hohoterwa ritaziguye, kwirengagiza nuburyo bwuzuye uburiganya kandi bugaragara. Amatungo menshi asigara wenyine mugihe kinini, agarukira mu kato cyangwa ibyumba bidafite ibiryo bihagije, amazi, cyangwa imbaraga. Igihe kirenze, izo nyamaswa zigira ibibazo bikomeye byubuzima, harimo umubyibuho ukabije, imitsi idakira, hamwe n’imyitwarire idahwitse. Kwirengagiza amarangamutima byangiza kimwe, kuko inyamaswa ari abantu babantu bifuza urukundo, imikoranire, ndetse numutekano.
Kubura amategeko arengera amategeko byongera ibyo bibazo. Nubwo inkiko zimwe na zimwe zateye intambwe mu kunoza amategeko y’imibereho y’inyamaswa, ahantu henshi haracyananirwa kumenya inyamaswa nkibinyabuzima bifite uburenganzira bukwiye uburenganzira. Ahubwo, bakunze gufatwa nkumutungo, bigatuma bigorana kubihohotera. Inzego zishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko zikunze gutozwa cyangwa kubura amafaranga, biganisha ku kubahiriza amategeko agenga ubugizi bwa nabi bw’inyamaswa.
Ubugome ntibuhagarara ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri no kwirengagizwa; igera no mu nganda n'imikorere ikoresha inyamaswa ku nyungu. Urusyo rwibibwana, nkurugero, komeza korora inyamaswa mubihe byanduye, byuzuyemo abantu, bishyira imbere ubwinshi mubuzima. Izi nyamaswa zikunze kwihanganira imyaka yububabare, zikabyara imyanda nyuma yimyanda, kugeza igihe itagishoboye kubyara kandi ikajugunywa. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, inyamanswa zidasanzwe nk'inyoni, ibikururuka hasi, n'amafi bigurishwa kuri ba nyirubwite batiteguye akenshi babura ubumenyi cyangwa amikoro yo kubitaho neza, bigatuma abantu batitaweho cyane kandi bagapfa hakiri kare.
Gukemura ubu bugome bisaba impinduka zifatika hamwe ninshingano za buri muntu. Amategeko akomeye ni ngombwa kugira ngo inyamaswa zose zibone uburinzi bukwiye, kandi ibihano bikaze bigomba gukurikizwa mu gukumira ihohoterwa. Ubukangurambaga bw’uburezi rusange bushobora gufasha gukangurira abantu kwita ku nyamaswa neza no guca intege ibikorwa bibi nko gufunga umurizo, guhinga amatwi, cyangwa gukoresha amakariso.
Kurwego rwawe, impuhwe zirashobora kugira itandukaniro rikomeye. Mu gukura inyamaswa mu buhungiro aho kuzigura aborozi cyangwa amaduka y’amatungo, abantu barashobora gufasha kurwanya ukwezi gukoreshwa no kutitaweho. Gushyigikira amashyirahamwe yo gutabara no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe inyamaswa zahohotewe, kwitanga mu buhungiro, no gutanga amakuru akekwaho kuba ari ubugome ni inzira zose zo kurema isi itekanye kandi ineza ku basangirangendo b’inyamaswa.
Inyamaswa zitungisha ubuzima bwacu ubudahemuka, urukundo, nubusabane. Bisubiye, bakwiriye gufatwa neza, kubitaho, no kugwa neza. Twese hamwe, turashobora gukora kugirango turangize imibabaro bahura nazo kandi tumenye ko buri mugenzi winyamanswa agira amahirwe mubuzima bwuzuye umunezero nurukundo.
Urashobora gufasha injangwe, imbwa, nabandi basangirangendo muri iki gihe
Imbwa, injangwe, n’izindi nyamaswa zumva ntabwo ari ibintu cyangwa ibintu - ni abantu bafite amarangamutima, ibyo bakeneye, na kamere zidasanzwe. Kumenya agaciro kabo bisobanura gutekereza ku kuntu dukorana no kubitaho. Bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bwo kubahiriza agaciro kabo nukwanga gutera inkunga inganda zifata inyamaswa nkibicuruzwa. Ibyo bivuze ko utigera ugura amatungo mububiko bwamatungo, kurubuga, cyangwa aborozi, kuko kubikora bitera uruziga rwo gukoreshwa no guturwa cyane.
