Igikorwa cyemewe n'amategeko - Humane Foundation

Ibikorwa byemewe n'amategeko bigira uruhare runini mukurwanya no gusenya inzego zifasha gukoresha inyamaswa, kwangiza ibidukikije, nakarengane ka muntu. Iki cyiciro cyibanze ku buryo imiburanishirize, ivugurura rya politiki, imbogamizi zishingiye ku itegekonshinga, hamwe n’ubuvugizi mu mategeko bikoreshwa kugira ngo ibigo, guverinoma, n'abantu ku giti cyabo babiryozwe ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa inyamaswa, abakozi, n’abaturage. Kuva aho guhangana n’uburyo bwo guhinga uruganda byemewe kugeza kurengera uburenganzira bw’abaharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa, ibikoresho byemewe n’amategeko ni ibikoresho by’ingenzi mu guhindura imiterere.
Iki gice cyerekana uruhare rukomeye rw’abunganira amategeko, abaharanira inyungu, n’imiryango mu guteza imbere kurengera inyamaswa no kwita ku bidukikije binyuze mu bikorwa by’amategeko. Yibanze ku iterambere no guteza imbere amahame y’amategeko yemera ko inyamaswa ari ibiremwa byiyumvamo kandi bishimangira inshingano z’abantu ku bidukikije. Ibikorwa byemewe n'amategeko ntibikemura gusa ihohoterwa rigezweho ahubwo binagira ingaruka kuri politiki n’imikorere yinzego, biteza impinduka zifatika kandi zirambye.
Ubwanyuma, iki cyiciro gishimangira ko impinduka zikomeye zisaba amategeko akomeye ashyigikiwe no kubahiriza umutekano no kwishora mu baturage. Irashishikariza abasomyi kumva imbaraga z'amategeko mu guteza imbere ubutabera n'imibereho myiza y’ibidukikije kandi bigatera uruhare rugaragara mu bikorwa by’amategeko byo kurengera inyamaswa no guteza imbere imyitwarire myiza.

Imiryango ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’inyamanswa iri ku isonga mu guhangana n’ubugome bw’inyamaswa, ikemura ibibazo byo kutita ku ihohoterwa, guhohoterwa, no gukoreshwa n’ubwitange budacogora. Mu gutabara no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe inyamaswa zafashwe nabi, guharanira ko amategeko arengera amategeko, no kwigisha abaturage kwita ku mpuhwe, iyi miryango igira uruhare runini mu kurema isi itekanye ku binyabuzima byose. Imbaraga zabo zifatanije ninzego zubahiriza amategeko no kwiyemeza gukangurira abaturage ntibifasha gusa gukumira ubugome ahubwo binashishikarizwa gutunga amatungo ashinzwe no guhindura imibereho. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza akazi kabo gakomeye mu kurwanya ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa mu gihe baharanira uburenganzira n’icyubahiro by’inyamaswa ahantu hose

Ihohoterwa ryinyamaswa nubugome nibibazo bikomeye bisaba kwitabwaho byihuse nibikorwa. Kumenya ibimenyetso byo gufatwa nabi, kumenyesha ibyabaye, no gushyigikira ingamba zo kurwanya ibyo byaha nintambwe zingenzi mu kurinda inyamaswa imibabaro idakenewe. Aka gatabo gatanga inama zifatika zo kumenya ihohoterwa, kugendana na raporo, kurinda abamenyesha amakuru, no guharanira ko amategeko agenga imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa. Mugihe duhagurukiye kurwanya ubugome, turashobora gufasha kurema ahantu hatekanye aho inyamaswa zose zifatwa neza kandi zikubahwa

Ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa rikomeje kuba ikibazo kibabaje ku isi, ariko amashyirahamwe arakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo akize kandi asubize inyamaswa mu bugome, kutita ku bikorwa, no kubikoresha. Kuva gutanga ubuvuzi bwihutirwa kugeza kunganira amategeko akomeye y’imibereho, aya matsinda agira uruhare runini mu guha ibiremwa bifite intege nke amahirwe ya kabiri mu buzima. Mugutanga icumbi, kuvura, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutaha mugihe bakangurira abaturage kumenya gutunga amatungo ashinzwe, bahindura ubuzima kandi bagatera impuhwe. Iyi ngingo iracengera mubikorwa byabo byingenzi-byerekana ubwitange inyuma yo gushyiraho ibidukikije bitekanye aho inyamaswa zose zishobora gukira no gutera imbere

Ubugome bw’inyamaswa bukomeje kuba ikibazo cy’ingutu, bugaragaza uruhare rw’ikiremwamuntu ku mibereho y’inyamaswa ndetse no gukenera byihutirwa amategeko n’imyitwarire. Kuva ibikorwa byihohoterwa byitaruye kugeza kutita kuri gahunda munganda, izi manza zirasaba societe guhangana nuburyo inyamaswa zifatwa nkibinyabuzima bifite imyumvire. Uko amategeko agenda atera imbere kandi ubukangurambaga bukagenda bwiyongera, gukemura ubugome bw’inyamaswa bisaba inzira zinyuranye - gushimangira amategeko, kubahiriza amategeko, guteza imbere uburezi, no guharanira ibihano bikaze. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma ingorane zijyanye n’imanza z’ubugome bw’inyamaswa mu gihe hagaragajwe intambwe rusange ikenewe mu kubaka umuryango w’impuhwe ushyira imbere ubutabera no kubaha ibiremwa byose bifite ubuzima;

Guhiga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi bihagaze nk'umwijima ku mibanire y'abantu n'isi. Irerekana ubuhemu bukabije bwibiremwa bitangaje bisangiye umubumbe wacu. Mugihe umubare wubwoko butandukanye ugenda ugabanuka kubera umururumba udahagije wa ba rushimusi, uburinganire bworoshye bwibinyabuzima burahungabana, kandi ejo hazaza h’ibinyabuzima harabangamiwe. Iyi nyandiko yinjiye mu burebure bw’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, ziga ku mpamvu zitera, ingaruka zabyo, ndetse no gukenera byihutirwa ingamba zo kurwanya iki cyaha gikomeye cyibasiye ibidukikije. Amahano yo guhiga, guhiga mu buryo butemewe, kwica, cyangwa gufata inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, byabaye icyorezo ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi mu binyejana byinshi. Haba biterwa no gukenera ibikombe bidasanzwe, imiti gakondo, cyangwa ibikomoka ku nyamaswa byinjiza amafaranga, ba rushimusi berekana ko basuzuguye agaciro k’ubuzima n’inshingano z’ibidukikije ibyo biremwa byuzuza. Inzovu ziciwe kubera amahembe y'inzovu, imvubu zahigaga amahembe yazo, n'ingwe zibasira…

Inzego zishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko ni ntangarugero mu kubahiriza amategeko arwanya ubugome agamije kurinda inyamaswa ihohoterwa no kutitabwaho. Imbaraga zabo ntizirenze iperereza, zikubiyemo ubufatanye n’amacumbi y’inyamanswa, imiryango iharanira imibereho myiza n’abaturage kugira ngo ubutabera bw’abahohotewe bugerweho. Mu gushyira imbere uburezi, amahugurwa yihariye, no kunganira ibihano bikaze ku bakoze ibyaha, ibyo bigo bigira uruhare runini mu kwimakaza umuco w’impuhwe no kubazwa ibyo bakora. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma uruhare rwabo mu kubahiriza aya mategeko, gukemura ibibazo biri mu bushinjacyaha, no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba ziteza imbere imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa mu gihe ishishikariza abaturage kuba maso ku bugome.

Ubugome bwinyamaswa nikibazo gikomeye gikomeje kwisi yose, giteza imibabaro myinshi inyamaswa zitabarika binyuze mukwirengagiza, gutererana, no kugirira nabi nkana. Abashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko bafite uruhare runini mu kurwanya ako karengane bakoresheje iperereza ku manza, gukurikirana abakoze ibyaha, no kurengera imibereho y’inyamaswa zitishoboye. Ibikorwa byabo ntibishakira ubutabera abahohotewe batagira kirengera gusa ahubwo binababuza gukumira ibikorwa byubugome bizaza. Iyi ngingo yibanze ku mbaraga zingenzi z’inzego z’ubutegetsi mu guhangana n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa - gusuzuma uburyo amategeko bakorera imbere, imbogamizi bahura nazo mu gihe cy’iperereza n’ubushinjacyaha, n’akamaro k’ubufatanye n’imiryango iharanira inyungu z’inyamaswa. Mugusobanukirwa ubwitange bwabo bwo kurinda inyamaswa no kubahiriza ibyo dukora, dushobora kurushaho gushyigikira inshingano zabo zo gushyiraho umuryango utekanye kubinyabuzima byose.

Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ubucuruzi bwinyamanswa nzima kwisi yose kubaga cyangwa kubyibuha, byerekana amamiriyoni yinyamanswa yimirima murugendo rutoroshye rwuzuyemo imibabaro. Kuva aho abantu batwara ibintu byinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije kugeza igihe cyo kwamburwa igihe kirekire no kuvura amatungo adahagije, ibyo biremwa byiyumvo bihanganira ingorane zidashoboka. Mu gihe ubukangurambaga bugenda bwiyongera binyuze muri raporo z’iperereza no guharanira ibikorwa by’ibanze, ingaruka z’imyitwarire y’inganda ziragenda zikurikiranwa cyane. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza ukuri gukabije kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ikora ubushakashatsi ku bugome bwayo ndetse no guhamagarira abantu kuvugurura ko hajyaho ejo hazaza h’ubumuntu ku matungo y’ubuhinzi ku isi