Guverinoma na Politiki - Humane Foundation

Uruhare rwa guverinoma n’inzego zifata ibyemezo ni ingenzi mu gushyiraho gahunda y’ibiribwa, kurengera imibereho y’inyamaswa, no kubungabunga ubuzima rusange. Iki cyiciro cyerekana uburyo ibyemezo bya politiki, amategeko, na politiki rusange bishobora gukomeza kubabazwa n’inyamaswa no kwangiza ibidukikije - cyangwa bigatera impinduka zifatika zigana ejo hazaza heza, harambye, n’impuhwe.
Iki gice cyibanze ku mbaraga zingufu zifata ibyemezo bya politiki: ingaruka za lobbying yinganda, kutagira umucyo mubikorwa byubuyobozi, no gushaka gushyira imbere ubukungu bwigihe gito mugihe kirekire kumibereho myiza yabaturage nigihe kirekire. Nyamara, muri izo nzitizi, umuvuduko ukabije w’igitutu cy’ibanze, ubuvugizi bwa siyansi, n’ubushake bwa politiki bitangiye guhindura imiterere. Haba binyuze mu kubuza ibikorwa by'ubugome bw’inyamaswa, gushishikarizwa guhanga udushya dushingiye ku bimera, cyangwa politiki y’ibiribwa ijyanye n’ikirere, irerekana uburyo imiyoborere itinyutse ishobora kuba imbarutso y’impinduka zihinduka, z'igihe kirekire.
Iki gice gishishikariza abenegihugu, ababunganira, ndetse n’abafata ibyemezo kimwe kongera gutekereza kuri politiki nkigikoresho cyo kwiteza imbere. Ubutabera nyabwo ku nyamaswa z’abantu n’abatari abantu biterwa n’ivugurura rya politiki ritinyutse, rishyizwe hamwe na gahunda ya politiki ishyira imbere impuhwe, gukorera mu mucyo, no kuramba kuramba.

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, uburyo bwateye imbere mu korora amatungo kugira ngo butange umusaruro, bwabaye imbarutso yo gutanga ibiribwa ku isi. Nyamara, munsi yuru ruganda rukora neza kandi rwunguka hari ikiguzi cyihishe kandi cyica: guhumanya ikirere. Imyuka iva mu mirima y’uruganda, harimo amoniya, metani, ibintu byangiza, hamwe n’indi myuka yangiza, bitera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima ku baturage ndetse n’abaturage benshi. Ubu buryo bwo kwangiza ibidukikije akenshi ntibumenyekana, ariko ingaruka zubuzima ziragera kure, biganisha ku ndwara zubuhumekero, ibibazo byumutima nimiyoboro, nibindi bibazo byubuzima budakira. Igipimo cy’umwanda uhumanya n’imirima y’uruganda rw’uruganda rufite uruhare runini mu guhumanya ikirere. Ibi bikoresho bibamo inyamaswa ibihumbi n’ibihumbi zifungiwe, aho imyanda iba yegeranye ku bwinshi. Mugihe inyamaswa zisohora imyanda, imiti na gaze bisohoka mu kirere byinjizwa n’inyamaswa ndetse n’ibidukikije. Ubwinshi bwa…

Ubworozi bw'uruganda, uburyo bwo guhinga inyamaswa cyane, bumaze igihe kinini bujyanye n’ibibazo byinshi by’ibidukikije n’imyitwarire, ariko imwe mu ngaruka zangiza kandi akenshi zirengagizwa ni umwanda utanga mu kirere. Ibikorwa by’inganda bigenda byiyongera, aho inyamaswa zibikwa ahantu habi, hadafite isuku, zitanga umwanda mwinshi uhumanya ikirere ugira uruhare mu kwangiza ibidukikije, ibibazo by’ubuzima rusange n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza uburyo ubuhinzi bw’uruganda bufite uruhare runini mu guhumanya ikirere n’ingaruka zikomeye zigira ku buzima bwacu, ku bidukikije, no ku mibereho y’inyamaswa zirimo. Imyanda ihumanya y’uruganda rw’uruganda, cyangwa ibikorwa byo kugaburira amatungo (CAFOs), ibamo inyamaswa ibihumbi n’ibihumbi zifungiwe aho zitanga imyanda ku bwinshi. Ibi bikoresho nisoko ikomeye yanduza ikirere, irekura imyuka itandukanye yangiza nibintu byangiza ikirere. Ibyuka bihumanya cyane birimo: Amoniya (NH3):…

Buri mwaka, inyamaswa zirenga miliyoni 100 zihanganira imibabaro idashoboka muri laboratoire ku isi, bigatuma impaka zigenda ziyongera ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’ibikenewe kwipimisha inyamaswa. Kuva muburozi bwa chimique bwangiza kugeza uburyo butera, ibyo biremwa bifite imyumvire bikorerwa mubuzima bwa kimuntu bitwaje iterambere ryubumenyi. Nyamara, hamwe niterambere mu bundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome nko mu gupima vitro no kwigana mudasobwa bitanga ibisubizo nyabyo kandi by’ubumuntu, gukomeza kwishingikiriza ku bushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa zishaje bitera kwibaza ibibazo byihutirwa bijyanye n’imyitwarire, agaciro ka siyansi, n’ingaruka ku bidukikije. Iyi ngingo irasesengura ukuri gukomeye kwipimisha inyamaswa mugihe hagaragajwe intambwe zifatika dushobora gutera kugirango duhangane nubushakashatsi bwimyitwarire irinda inyamaswa nubuzima bwabantu

Ubuhinzi bwa Octopus, igisubizo cy’ibikenerwa n’ibikomoka ku nyanja, byateje impaka zikomeye ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’ibidukikije. Iyi cephalopode ishimishije ntabwo ihabwa agaciro gusa kubwo guteka kwabo ahubwo inubahwa kubwubwenge bwabo, ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo, hamwe nimbaraga zamarangamutima - imico itera kwibaza ibibazo bikomeye kubijyanye na morale yo kubafungira muburyo bwo guhinga. Kuva ku mpungenge z’imibereho y’inyamaswa kugeza ku buryo bwagutse bwo guharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa zo mu nyanja, iyi ngingo iragaragaza ingorane zikikije ubworozi bw’amafi ya octopus. Iyo dusuzumye ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije, kugereranya n’ubuhinzi bushingiye ku butaka, no guhamagarira abantu gufata neza abantu, duhura n’ibikenewe byihutirwa gushyira mu gaciro ibyo abantu bakoresha mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu nyanja.

Inzego zishinzwe kubahiriza amategeko ni ntangarugero mu kubahiriza amategeko arwanya ubugome agamije kurinda inyamaswa ihohoterwa no kutitabwaho. Imbaraga zabo ntizirenze iperereza, zikubiyemo ubufatanye n’amacumbi y’inyamanswa, imiryango iharanira imibereho myiza n’abaturage kugira ngo ubutabera bw’abahohotewe bugerweho. Mu gushyira imbere uburezi, amahugurwa yihariye, no kunganira ibihano bikaze ku bakoze ibyaha, ibyo bigo bigira uruhare runini mu kwimakaza umuco w’impuhwe no kubazwa ibyo bakora. Iyi ngingo irasuzuma uruhare rwabo mu kubahiriza aya mategeko, gukemura ibibazo biri mu bushinjacyaha, no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba ziteza imbere imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa mu gihe ishishikariza abaturage kuba maso ku bugome.

Ubugome bwinyamaswa nikibazo gikomeye gikomeje kwisi yose, giteza imibabaro myinshi inyamaswa zitabarika binyuze mukwirengagiza, gutererana, no kugirira nabi nkana. Abashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko bafite uruhare runini mu kurwanya ako karengane bakoresheje iperereza ku manza, gukurikirana abakoze ibyaha, no kurengera imibereho y’inyamaswa zitishoboye. Ibikorwa byabo ntibishakira ubutabera abahohotewe batagira kirengera gusa ahubwo binababuza gukumira ibikorwa byubugome bizaza. Iyi ngingo yibanze ku mbaraga zingenzi z’inzego z’ubutegetsi mu guhangana n’ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa - gusuzuma uburyo amategeko bakorera imbere, imbogamizi bahura nazo mu gihe cy’iperereza n’ubushinjacyaha, n’akamaro k’ubufatanye n’imiryango iharanira inyungu z’inyamaswa. Mugusobanukirwa ubwitange bwabo bwo kurinda inyamaswa no kubahiriza ibyo dukora, dushobora kurushaho gushyigikira inshingano zabo zo gushyiraho umuryango utekanye kubinyabuzima byose.

Amategeko y’uburenganzira bw’inyamanswa niyo ntandaro y’umuryango ugenda wiyongera ku isi kugira ngo urinde inyamaswa ubugome no gukoreshwa. Hirya no hino ku migabane, ibihugu bishyiraho amategeko abuza ibikorwa by’ubumuntu, yemera inyamaswa nk’ibinyabuzima, kandi biteza imbere amahame mbwirizamuco mu nganda kuva mu buhinzi kugeza mu myidagaduro. Nyamara, hamwe nibyagezweho harimo imbogamizi zihoraho - kubahiriza intege nke, inzitizi z’umuco, no kurwanya inzego zikomeye zikomeje guhagarika iterambere. Iyi ngingo itanga ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku iterambere ryatewe, gusubira inyuma, hamwe no guhindura ubuvugizi ubudahwema. Mu kwerekana amasezerano mpuzamahanga, ivugurura ry’igihugu, gahunda z’ibanze, n’iterambere ritunguranye mu turere tudahagarariwe, irerekana neza aho duhagaze - ndetse n’ibindi bigomba gukorwa - kugira ngo ejo hazaza heza h’inyamaswa zose

Tekereza isi aho amashyamba ahagaze muremure, inzuzi zirabagirana zifite isuku, kandi inyamanswa zitera imbere nta terabwoba. Iyerekwa ntabwo rigeze kure nkuko bigaragara-isahani yawe ifata urufunguzo. Inganda z’inyama n’amata ziri mu zagize uruhare runini mu gutema amashyamba, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kwanduza amazi, no kuzimangana. Muguhindura indyo ishingiye ku bimera, urashobora kugira uruhare runini muguhindura izo ngaruka. Kuva kumenagura ibirenge bya karubone kugeza kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, buri funguro ni amahirwe yo kurinda isi yacu. Witeguye kugira icyo uhindura? Reka dusuzume uburyo impinduka nke zimirire zishobora gutera iterambere ryibidukikije!

Kugabanya gufata inyama byabaye ingingo ishyushye mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kwangiza ibidukikije. Abahanga benshi bavuga ko ari byiza mu kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku buhinzi kuruta ibikorwa byo gutera amashyamba. Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzasesengura impamvu zitera iki kirego kandi tumenye uburyo butandukanye uburyo kugabanya inyama z’inyama bishobora kugira uruhare muri gahunda y’ibiribwa birambye kandi by’imyitwarire. Ingaruka ku bidukikije ku musaruro w’inyama Umusaruro w’inyama ugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije, bigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba, kwanduza amazi, no gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Ubuhinzi bw’amatungo bushinzwe hafi 14.5% y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi, kuruta urwego rwose rutwara abantu. Kugabanya gufata inyama birashobora gufasha kubungabunga umutungo wamazi, kuko bisaba amazi menshi kugirango ubyare inyama ugereranije nibiryo bishingiye ku bimera. Mugabanye kurya inyama, turashobora kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije mu buhinzi kandi tugakora kuri gahunda irambye y’ibiribwa. …