Nkuko abatuye isi bakomeje kwiyongera, ni nako ibikenerwa mu biribwa. Imwe mu nkomoko y'ibanze ya poroteyine mu mafunguro yacu ni inyama, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu, kurya inyama byazamutse cyane mu myaka yashize. Nyamara, umusaruro winyama ufite ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije. By'umwihariko, kwiyongera kw'inyama bigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura, bikaba bibangamira urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ndetse n'ubuzima bw'isi yacu. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzasuzuma isano iri hagati yo kurya inyama, gutema amashyamba, no gutakaza aho tuba. Tuzasesengura ibyingenzi byingenzi byiyongera ku nyama ziyongera, ingaruka z’umusaruro w’inyama ku gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho tuba, hamwe n’ibisubizo byakemuka kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke. Mugusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yo kurya inyama, gutema amashyamba, no gutakaza aho tuba, dushobora gukora kugirango dushyireho ejo hazaza heza kuri iyi si yacu ndetse natwe ubwacu.
Kurya inyama bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cy’amashyamba
Isano iri hagati yo kurya inyama nigipimo cy’amashyamba ni ingingo yo guhangayikishwa cyane n’ibidukikije. Kubera ko inyama zikomeje kwiyongera ku isi, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, byanze bikunze ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi bwiyongera. Kubwamahirwe, ibi akenshi biganisha ku kwagura ubworozi no gutema amashyamba kugirango habeho urwuri cyangwa guhinga ibihingwa byamatungo nka soya. Iyi myitozo igira uruhare runini mu gutema amashyamba, bikaviramo gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bifite agaciro, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima byo mu gasozi. Ingaruka zo gutema amashyamba zirenze ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere; bahungabanya kandi uburinganire bw’ibidukikije kandi bikabangamira ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima bitabarika. Rero, gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yo kurya inyama no gutema amashyamba ningirakamaro kugirango dushyire mubikorwa ibisubizo birambye bikemura amahitamo yacu ndetse no kubungabunga amashyamba yumubumbe wacu.
Ubworozi bw'amatungo butera kwangirika
Kwagura ubworozi bw’amatungo byagaragaye ko ari yo mpamvu ikomeye yo kwangiza aho gutura ku isi. Mugihe icyifuzo cyinyama n’ibikomoka ku matungo gikomeje kwiyongera, hakenewe ubutaka bwinshi bwo kurisha no guhinga ibihingwa byiyongera. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ahantu nyaburanga nk’amashyamba, ibyatsi, n’ibishanga birasukurwa cyangwa bikangirika ku buryo buteye ubwoba kugira ngo ubworozi bw’ubworozi bugenda bwiyongera. Guhindura ibinyabuzima byingenzi mubutaka bwubuhinzi ntibitera gusa gutakaza amoko y’ibimera n’inyamaswa, ahubwo binahungabanya umubano w’ibidukikije kandi bigabanya imbaraga rusange z’ibinyabuzima by’umubumbe wacu. Ingaruka zo gusenya aho guterwa n’ubuhinzi bw’amatungo zirenze kure cyane ibidukikije, kuko zibangamira imibereho n’umurage ndangamuco by’abasangwabutaka batunzwe n’ibinyabuzima byoroshye kugira ngo bibatunge kandi babeho. Harakenewe ibikorwa byihutirwa kugirango bahuze ibyifuzo byinyama hamwe nuburyo burambye bwo gukoresha ubutaka burinda aho dutuye kandi biteza imbere imibereho myiza yigihe kirekire yaba inyamanswa n’abantu.
Gutema amashyamba bibangamira urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima n'ibinyabuzima
Ingaruka mbi zo gutema amashyamba ku binyabuzima no ku bidukikije ntizishobora kuvugwa. Kubera ko ahantu hanini h’amashyamba hasukuwe hagamijwe intego zitandukanye, harimo ubuhinzi, gutema ibiti, no mu mijyi, amoko atabarika y'ibimera, inyamaswa, na mikorobe bifite ibyago byo kuzimira. Amashyamba ntabwo atanga amoko y’ibihumbi gusa, ahubwo afite uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no gutanga serivisi z’ibidukikije. Mugukuraho ibiti no guhungabanya urubuga rukomeye rwubuzima ruri muri ibi binyabuzima, gutema amashyamba bihagarika inzinguzingo karemano yo kwinjiza karuboni ya dioxyde de ogisijeni, bigatuma habaho imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse no kwangiza ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, gutakaza amashyamba bigabanya kuboneka kwingirakamaro nkamazi meza, ubutaka burumbuka, n’ibiti bivura imiti, bigira ingaruka ku mibereho y’abaturage ndetse n’abatari abantu. Ni ngombwa ko tumenya ko byihutirwa gukemura amashyamba no guharanira uburyo burambye bwo gukoresha ubutaka bushyira imbere kurinda no gusana amashyamba yacu y'agaciro.
Inganda zinyama za karuboni
Inganda z’inyama ku isi zifite icyerekezo gikomeye cya karubone zigira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere no kwangiza ibidukikije. Umusaruro winyama, cyane cyane inyama zinka, bisaba ubutaka bwinshi, amazi, nubutunzi. Ibi akenshi biganisha ku gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura, kuko amashyamba yatunganijwe kugirango habeho kurisha amatungo no kugaburira umusaruro. Byongeye kandi, inganda z’inyama nisoko nyamukuru y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ahanini biterwa na metani yarekuwe n’amatungo hamwe n’ibikorwa bikoresha ingufu nyinshi mu gukora inyama, gutwara, no gutunganya. Ikirenge cya karubone yinganda zinyama nimpungenge zikomeye zisaba ubundi buryo burambye kandi butangiza ibidukikije kugirango bugabanye ingaruka zabwo kuri iyi si.
Uburyo umusaruro winyama ugira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba
Kwiyongera k'umusaruro w'inyama bifitanye isano rya bugufi no gutema amashyamba, kubera ko amashyamba akenshi asukurwa kugira ngo habeho urwuri rwo kuragira amatungo cyangwa guhinga ibihingwa. Gutema amashyamba bihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kandi bikangiza ahantu nyaburanga ku binyabuzima n’ibinyabuzima bitabarika. Byongeye kandi, gahunda yo gukuraho ubutaka mu buhinzi ikubiyemo gukoresha imashini ziremereye, zikagira uruhare runini mu kwangirika kw’amashyamba. Mugihe ayo mashyamba amaze gutunganywa no gukurwaho ibiti, karubone yabitswemo irekurwa mu kirere, bikabije imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Gutakaza amashyamba bigabanya kandi ubushobozi bwo gufata dioxyde de carbone, biganisha ku nzitizi mbi yo kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ni ngombwa kuri twe kumenya uruhare rukomeye umusaruro w’inyama ugira mu gutema amashyamba no gufata ingamba zigana ku buryo burambye kandi bwangiza ibidukikije mu kurinda amashyamba yacu no kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ubundi buryo burambye bwo kurya inyama
Inzira imwe itanga icyizere cyo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ziterwa no kurya inyama ni uguhitamo ubundi buryo burambye. Intungamubiri zishingiye ku bimera, nka tofu, tempeh, na seitan, zitanga umusemburo ukomeye kandi ufite intungamubiri za poroteyine y’inyamaswa. Ubu buryo bushingiye ku bimera ntabwo butanga intungamubiri zingenzi gusa ahubwo busaba nubutaka, amazi, ningufu nkeya kubyara ugereranije nubworozi gakondo. Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga mu biribwa ryatumye habaho iterambere ry’imbuto zishingiye ku bimera zishingiye ku bimera bigana cyane uburyohe n’imiterere y’inyama nyazo. Ibi ntabwo bitanga gusa ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije ahubwo binemerera abantu kwishimira uburyohe bumenyerewe batabangamiye ibyo bakunda. Kwakira ubundi buryo burambye bwo kurya inyama birashobora kugira uruhare runini mu kugabanya amashyamba, kurinda aho batuye, no guteza imbere gahunda y’ibiribwa birambye.
Uruhare rwo guhitamo abaguzi
Guhitamo abaguzi bigira uruhare runini mururubuga rugoye rwihuza hagati yo kurya inyama, gutema amashyamba, no gutakaza aho uba. Muguhitamo neza guhitamo ibiryo birambye kandi bikomoka kumyitwarire, abaguzi barashobora kugira uruhare runini kubitangwa kandi bigatera impinduka nziza muruganda. Guhitamo inyama zikomoka mu karere, kama, hamwe n’ubuhinzi bwororerwa mu buhinzi ntibishyigikira gusa ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi bishyira imbere kwita ku bidukikije ahubwo binafasha kugabanya ibicuruzwa bikenerwa mu gutema amashyamba. Byongeye kandi, abaguzi barashobora kwakira ibiryo bishingiye ku bimera, bikubiyemo imbuto zitandukanye, imboga, ibinyamisogwe, n’ibinyampeke, bisaba amikoro make yo kubyara ugereranije n’ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Muguhitamo neza, abaguzi bafite imbaraga zo gukora ibisabwa mubikorwa byangiza ibidukikije kandi bakagira uruhare mukubungabunga urusobe rwibinyabuzima bifite agaciro.
Gukenera imikorere irambye
Muri iyi si yihuta cyane muri iki gihe, hakenewe ibikorwa byinshi birambye. Hamwe no kurushaho kumenya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku bikorwa byacu, ni ngombwa ko dufata ingamba zo kugabanya ikirere cya karuboni no kubungabunga umubumbe wacu mu bihe bizaza. Kuva gukoresha ingufu kugeza gucunga imyanda, buri kintu cyose mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi gifite amahirwe yo guhitamo kuramba. Mugukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, gushyira mubikorwa gahunda yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, no guteza imbere imikoreshereze yabyo, dushobora kugira uruhare mubikorwa byisi yose mukurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kurengera umutungo kamere. Kwakira imikorere irambye ntabwo bigirira akamaro ibidukikije gusa ahubwo binatanga amahirwe yubukungu kandi bizamura imibereho myiza muri rusange. Ni ngombwa ko abantu ku giti cyabo, ubucuruzi, na guverinoma bafatanya mu gushyiraho ejo hazaza harambye hubahirizwa kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’iterambere ry’isi.
Mu gusoza, ibimenyetso biragaragara ko hari isano rikomeye hagati yo kurya inyama, gutema amashyamba, no gutakaza aho uba. Nkabaguzi, dufite imbaraga zo guhitamo kubijyanye nimirire yacu no kugabanya ingaruka zacu kubidukikije. Mugabanye kurya inyama no gushyigikira ibikorwa birambye kandi byimyitwarire mubikorwa byinyama, turashobora gufasha kugabanya kwangirika kwamashyamba n’aho gutura. Ni ngombwa ko dukemura iki kibazo kandi tugaharanira ejo hazaza heza ku isi yacu.
Ibibazo
Nigute kurya inyama bigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura?
Kurya inyama bigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura binyuze muburyo butandukanye. Gukenera inyama biganisha ku kwagura ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi mu bworozi, bigatuma amashyamba atemwa. Byongeye kandi, ubutaka bunini burakenewe kugirango ibihingwa bigaburirwa amatungo, bikomeza gutera amashyamba. Iyangirika ry’amashyamba ntirigabanya gusa urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ahubwo rihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no kwimura abaturage b’abasangwabutaka. Byongeye kandi, inganda z’inyama zigira uruhare mu gusohora ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bigira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere no kurushaho kwihutisha amashyamba. Muri rusange, kugabanya kurya inyama birashobora kugabanya kugabanya amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura.
Ni utuhe turere tumwe na tumwe cyangwa ibihugu aho inyama zatewe no gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura?
Burezili na Indoneziya ni ibihugu bibiri byihariye aho kurya inyama byatumye amashyamba yangirika ndetse no gutakaza aho atuye. Muri Berezile, kwagura ubworozi bw'inka no guhinga soya yo kugaburira amatungo byatumye habaho gukuraho ahantu hanini h’amashyamba ya Amazone. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, muri Indoneziya, icyifuzo cy'amavuta y'imikindo, menshi muri yo akaba akoreshwa mu gukora ibiryo by'amatungo, byatumye amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha asenyuka, cyane cyane muri Sumatra na Borneo. Utu turere twahuye n’ibidukikije bikabije, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, no kwimura abaturage b’abasangwabutaka kubera kwagura umusaruro w’inyama.
Hariho ubundi buryo burambye bwo kurya inyama zishobora gufasha kugabanya amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura?
Nibyo, hari ubundi buryo burambye bwo kurya inyama zishobora gufasha kugabanya amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura. Indyo ishingiye ku bimera, nk'ibiryo bikomoka ku bimera cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera, bifite ibidukikije byo hasi ugereranije n'indyo zirimo inyama. Muguhindukira kuri poroteyine zishingiye ku bimera nk'ibinyamisogwe, imbuto, na tofu, turashobora kugabanya icyifuzo cyo guhinga amatungo menshi cyane ku butaka, akaba afite uruhare runini mu gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho atuye. Byongeye kandi, hari tekinoloji igaragara nkinyama zahinzwe na laboratoire hamwe n’ibisimbuza inyama zishingiye ku bimera bigamije gutanga ubundi buryo burambye bwo kurya inyama gakondo, bikarushaho kugabanya ingaruka ku mashyamba n’imiterere.
Nigute ibikorwa byubworozi bigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura?
Ubworozi bugira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwinshi. Ubwa mbere, ahantu hanini h’amashyamba hasukuwe kugirango habeho urwuri cyangwa guhinga imyaka yo kugaburira amatungo. Iyi nzira isenya neza aho ituye ikanimura amoko kavukire. Icya kabiri, gukenera ibiryo by'amatungo, cyane cyane soya, biganisha ku kwagura ubutaka bw'ubuhinzi, akenshi bigerwaho binyuze mu gutema amashyamba. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo guhinga budashoboka, nko kurisha cyane, burashobora gutesha agaciro no gutakaza ubutaka, bigatuma bidakwiye kuvugururwa n’amashyamba. Byongeye kandi, urwego rw’ubworozi n’igikorwa kinini cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bigira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere, bikagira ingaruka ku bidukikije by’amashyamba. Muri rusange, ubworozi bugira uruhare runini mu kwangiza amashyamba no gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.
Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no gukomeza kurya inyama ku gutema amashyamba ku isi no gutakaza aho tuba?
Gukomeza kurya inyama bifite ingaruka zikomeye z'igihe kirekire ku gutema amashyamba ku isi no gutakaza aho tuba. Ubworozi bw'amatungo busaba ubutaka bunini bwo kurisha no guhinga ibiryo by'amatungo, biganisha ku gutema amashyamba no kwangiza aho gutura. Kwagura ubutaka bwubuhinzi kugirango butange umusaruro winyama bigira uruhare mu gutakaza urusobe rwibinyabuzima kandi bikabangamira kubaho kw amoko menshi. Byongeye kandi, gutema amashyamba birekura imyuka myinshi ya karuboni mu kirere, bikabije imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Kubwibyo rero, kugabanya kurya inyama ni ngombwa mu kugabanya amashyamba, kubungabunga aho gutura, no kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
