Inganda zo gusiganwa ku mafarasi nububabare bwinyamaswa kubwimyidagaduro yabantu.
Irushanwa ry'amafarashi rikunda gukundwa nka siporo ishimishije no kwerekana ubufatanye bw'abantu n'inyamaswa. Nyamara, munsi yicyubahiro cyacyo hari ukuri kwubugome no gukoreshwa. Ifarashi, ibiremwa bifite ubushobozi bushobora kugira ububabare n'amarangamutima, bikorerwa imyitozo ishyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho yabo. Dore zimwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zituma gusiganwa ku mafarashi ari ubugome:
Ingaruka zica mu gusiganwa ku mafarasi
Isiganwa ryerekana amafarashi ibyago byinshi byo gukomeretsa, akenshi biganisha ku ngaruka zikomeye kandi rimwe na rimwe zikaba ziteye ubwoba, harimo ihahamuka nko kuvunika amajosi, amaguru yavunitse, cyangwa izindi nkomere zangiza ubuzima. Iyo izo nkomere zibaye, euthanasiya yihutirwa akenshi niyo nzira yonyine, kuko imiterere ya anatomy ituma gukira ibikomere nkibi bitoroshye, niba bidashoboka.
Ibibazo bitondekanye cyane ku mafarashi mu nganda zo gusiganwa, aho imibereho yabo ikunze gufata umwanya wo kunguka inyungu no guhatana. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Victoria bugaragaza ukuri guteye ubwoba, bugaragaza ko impfu zigera kuri imwe zibaho ku ifarashi 1.000 zitangirira mu kwiruka neza. Nubwo iyi mibare isa nkaho ari ntoya ukirebye, bivuze ko abantu bapfa amafarashi bapfa buri mwaka mukarere kamwe, kandi iyo mibare irashobora kuba hejuru kurwego rwisi iyo urebye imiterere yimikino itandukanye ndetse ninzego zubuyobozi.
Ingaruka zirenze impfu. Amafarashi menshi agira ibikomere bidapfa ariko binaniza nkamarira ya tendon, kuvunika imihangayiko, no kwangirika kwingingo, bishobora kurangiza umwuga wabo imburagihe bikabasiga mububabare budakira. Byongeye kandi, ubukana bwinshi bwo gusiganwa bushyira imbaraga nyinshi kuri sisitemu yumutima nimiyoboro yimitsi, biganisha kubibazo byo gufatwa kumutima gitunguranye mugihe cyangwa nyuma yisiganwa.
Izi ngaruka ziyongera ku mubare w’umubiri n’imitekerereze y’inganda. Ifarashi isunikwa ku mbibi zayo binyuze mu myitozo itoroshye yo gusiganwa no gusiganwa kenshi, akenshi bifashishije imiti yipfuka ububabare ibemerera guhangana nubwo bakomeretse bikabije. Iyi myitozo ntabwo yongerera gusa ibyago byo gutsindwa n’ibiza mu gihe cyo gusiganwa ahubwo inagaragaza ko yirengagije gahunda y’imibereho y’inyamaswa.
Ubwanyuma, abahitanwa n’imvune mu gusiganwa ku mafarashi ntabwo ari ibintu byihariye ahubwo ni imiterere y’inganda. Kwibanda ku muvuduko, imikorere, ninyungu hejuru yimibereho bituma amafarashi ashobora kwibasirwa, bigatuma havuka ibibazo bikomeye byimyitwarire kubijyanye nigiciro cyiyi siporo. Kuvugurura cyangwa gusimbuza ibikorwa nkibi byubundi buryo bwa kimuntu nibyingenzi kugirango wirinde imibabaro idakenewe yizi nyamaswa nziza.
Ubugome Bwihishe bwo Gukubita Ifarashi: Kubabara Inyuma Yumurongo
Irushanwa ririmo gukoresha ibiboko kugirango ukubite amafarasi, imyitozo itera impungenge zikomeye. Igikorwa cyo gukubita kigamije kuzamura imikorere uhatira inyamaswa kwiruka vuba, ariko byanze bikunze itera ububabare kandi ishobora kuviramo gukomeretsa kumubiri. Nubwo inganda zagerageje kugenzura iyi myitozo, imiterere yacyo ubangamira abavuga ko bafata abantu mu gusiganwa ku mafarasi.
Irushanwa rya Australiya Amategeko yo gusiganwa ritegeka gukoresha ubwoko bwihariye bwikiboko, bwitwa "ikiboko cya padi," bigaragara ko cyagenewe kugabanya ingaruka mbi. Ariko, padi ntabwo ikuraho ububabare; igabanya gusa ibimenyetso bigaragara bisigaye kumubiri wifarasi. Ikiboko kiracyari igikoresho cyagahato, gishingiye kububabare nubwoba bwo guhatira ifarashi kwihatira kurenga imipaka yayo.
Byongeye kandi, mugihe hariho amategeko agabanya umubare wibitero umukinnyi ashobora kuyobora mugice kinini cyamasiganwa, ibyo bibujijwe bivanwaho muri metero 100 zanyuma. Muri uku kurambura gukomeye, abasiganwa bemerewe gukubita ifarashi inshuro nyinshi uko bishakiye, akenshi muburyo bwo gushaka gutsinda. Uku gukubitwa kutagira umupaka kuza mugihe ifarashi yamaze kunanirwa kumubiri no mubitekerezo, bikongerera ubugome n'imihangayiko bikorerwa inyamaswa.
Ubundi bugenzuzi butangaje mu mabwiriza ni ukutagira imipaka ku nshuro amafarashi ashobora gukubitwa urutugu mu gihe cyo gusiganwa. Iyi myitozo idahwitse ikoreshwa kenshi nabasiganwa nkuburyo bwinyongera bwo guhamagarira ifarashi imbere. Nubwo bitagaragara cyane kuruta gukubita, gukubita urutugu biracyatera impungenge no guhangayika, bikarushaho kwiyongera kubibazo byinyamaswa.
Abakenguzamateka bavuga ko iyo myitozo atari ubumuntu gusa ariko ko idakenewe na siporo igezweho. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gukubita bidatezimbere imikorere, byerekana ko imigenzo ikomeza kuba indorerezi kuruta ibikenewe. Uko imyumvire ya rubanda igenda yiyongera hamwe n’imyumvire ku mibereho y’inyamaswa bigenda byiyongera, gukomeza gukoresha ibiboko mu gusiganwa ku mafarashi bigenda bigaragara ko bishaje kandi nta nshingano.
Ubwanyuma, kwishingikiriza ku gukubita ibiboko mu gusiganwa ku mafarashi byerekana kutita cyane ku mibereho y’inyamaswa zirimo. Kuvugurura iyi myitozo ni ngombwa guhuza siporo n’amahame mbwirizamuco ya none no kureba ko amafarashi yubahwa n'icyubahiro akwiye.
Amafaranga Yihishe: Amateka Yababaje Yamafarashi Atarushanwa
Ijambo "gusesagura" ni amagambo akomeye akoreshwa mu nganda zo gusiganwa ku mafarashi mu gusobanura kwica amafarashi yabonaga ko adahiganwa. Ibi birimo amafarashi yororerwa neza yorowe afite ibyiringiro byo kuzaba nyampinga wo gusiganwa ariko utigera agera mumarushanwa, kimwe nabafite umwuga wo gusiganwa. Izi nyamaswa, zimaze kwizihizwa kubera umuvuduko n'imbaraga zazo, akenshi zihura n’ibihe bitazwi kandi biteye ubwoba, bikagaragaza ko inganda zananiwe kubahiriza ibyo ziyemeje mu mibereho y’inyamaswa.
Kimwe mu bintu bitesha umutwe iki kibazo ni ukubura gukorera mu mucyo no kubazwa ibyo ukora. Kugeza ubu, nta sisitemu yukuri cyangwa yuzuye yubuzima bukurikirana ahantu h'amafarashi. Ibi bivuze ko amafarashi amaze gufatwa nkaho atagifite akamaro, byanze bikunze azimira mubitabo byemewe, agasigara aho yerekeza. Mugihe amafarashi amwe yasezeye ashobora gusubirwamo, kongera gutozwa, cyangwa gukoreshwa mubworozi, andi menshi ahura nimperuka ikomeye.
Ibyavuye mu iperereza ryakozwe na ABC 7.30 ryerekanye ko iyicwa ry’amafarashi yahoze kandi atunganijwe, nubwo inganda zavuze ko ziyemeje guharanira imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa. Iperereza ryerekanye ko amafarashi menshi yoherezwa mu ibagiro, aho yihanganira imibabaro myinshi mbere yo gutunganyirizwa ibiryo by'amatungo cyangwa kurya abantu ku yandi masoko. Amashusho yavuye muri exposé yerekanaga ibintu bibabaje byo kutitaweho, gufatwa nabi, no kutubahiriza amahame remezo y’imibereho y’inyamaswa.
Kwigunga kw'Amafarashi: Guhakana Imyitwarire Kamere
Ifarashi ni inyamanswa isanzwe, ihindagurika kugirango itere imbere mubibaya bifunguye nk'ubushyo. Imyitwarire yabo isanzwe irimo kurisha, gusabana, no kuzerera ahantu hanini. Nyamara, ukuri kw'amafarashi aratandukanye cyane n'izi mitekerereze. Amafarashi akunze kubikwa mu bwigunge kandi akagarukira mu maduka mato, ibintu bigabanya imyitwarire yabo kandi bikagira uruhare mu guhangayika cyane mu mutwe no ku mubiri.
Kwifungisha hafi no kutagira imikoranire myiza bitera ibidukikije byo gucika intege no guhangayika kuri ziriya nyamaswa zifite ubwenge kandi zumva. Iyi mibereho idasanzwe ikunze kuganisha ku iterambere ryimyitwarire idahwitse - ibikorwa bisubirwamo, ibikorwa bidasanzwe nuburyo bwo guhangana nubuzima bwabo bubi. Iyi myitwarire ntabwo yerekana gusa guhangayika ahubwo inangiza ubuzima bwifarashi muri rusange no kumererwa neza.
Imyitwarire imwe isanzwe igaragara mumafarashi yiruka ni kuruma. Muri iyi myitwarire, ifarashi ifata ikintu nkumuryango uhagaze cyangwa uruzitiro hamwe namenyo yacyo kandi ikanyunyuza umwuka mwinshi. Iki gikorwa gisubiramo gishobora gukurura ibibazo by amenyo, kugabanuka, hamwe na colic - ikibazo gishobora guhitana ubuzima bwigifu.
Indi myitwarire yiganje ni ukuboha, aho ifarashi yinyeganyeza imbere, ihindura uburemere bwayo injyana imbere n'inyuma. Kuboha birashobora gutera inzara zingana, kunanirwa hamwe, hamwe numunaniro wimitsi, bikabangamira ubuzima bwifarashi. Iyi myitwarire ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko ifarashi itengushye no kudashobora kwerekana imiterere yabyo.
Inganda zo gusiganwa akenshi zirengagiza intandaro yibi bibazo, byibanda aho gucunga cyangwa guhagarika ibimenyetso. Nyamara, igisubizo kiri mu gukemura ibidukikije no kwita ku nyamaswa. Gutanga amahirwe yo gusabana, ahantu hafunguye kwimuka, no gukungahaza ibikorwa bigana imyitwarire karemano bishobora kugabanya cyane ubwinshi bwimyitwarire idahwitse kandi bikazamura imibereho yubuzima bwamafarashi.
Kuba iyi myitwarire ikwirakwira cyane mu mafarashi y'amoko birashimangira inenge y'ibanze mu micungire no gucumbikirwa. Ni uguhamagarira inganda kongera gutekereza ku bikorwa byazo no gushyira imbere imibereho y’izi nyamaswa hashyirwaho ibihe bihuye n’ibikenewe bisanzwe.
Impaka Zihuza Ururimi mu gusiganwa ku mafarasi
Guhuza ururimi ni imyitozo ikoreshwa cyane ariko itagengwa ninganda zo gusiganwa ku mafarasi. Ubu buhanga bukubiyemo guhagarika ururimi rw'ifarashi, ubusanzwe mu kuyizirika neza ukoresheje umukandara cyangwa igitambaro, kugira ngo ifarashi itavuga ururimi hejuru gato mu gihe cyo gusiganwa. Abamushyigikiye bavuga ko guhuza ururimi bifasha kwirinda “kuniga” mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri kandi bikagenzura neza ifarashi binyuze mu kongera imbaraga ku rurimi. Nyamara, iyi myitozo itera impungenge zikomeye zimibereho yinyamaswa kubera ububabare namakuba bishobora gutera.
Gukoresha karuvati y'ururimi bihatira ifarashi kuyubahiriza ikomeza umuvuduko wururimi rwayo binyuze muri bito, byorohereza abasiganwa kugenzura inyamaswa mugihe cyo gusiganwa. Mugihe ibi bisa nkigisubizo cyo kunoza imikorere yo gusiganwa, ibiciro byumubiri na psychologiya kumafarasi birakomeye.
Ifarashi ikorerwa ururimi akenshi igaragaza ibimenyetso byububabare, guhangayika, nububabare. Igikoresho kirashobora gutera ingorane zo kumira, bigatuma ifarashi idashobora kugenzura amacandwe yayo bikaviramo kutamererwa neza. Gukomeretsa ku mubiri nko gukata, gukomeretsa, gukomeretsa, no kubyimba ururimi ni ingaruka zisanzwe, bikarushaho gukaza umurego ifarashi.
Nubwo ikoreshwa ryururimi rwinshi, imyitozo ikomeje kutubahirizwa. Uku kubura kugenzura bivuze ko ntamahame ngenderwaho asabwa kubikoresha, igihe bimara, cyangwa ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, byongera amahirwe yo gukoresha nabi no guhohoterwa. Inganda zo gusiganwa zishingiye kuri ubwo buryo zigaragaza kutita cyane ku mibereho y’amafarashi, gushyira imbere imikorere no kugenzura imibereho y’inyamaswa.
Ibiyobyabwenge no kurenza urugero
Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge no kurenza urugero ni ikibazo gikwirakwira ariko gikunze kwirengagizwa mu nganda zo gusiganwa ku mafarasi. Imiti igabanya ububabare nibintu byongera imikorere ikoreshwa muburyo busanzwe kugirango amafarashi yakomeretse cyangwa adakwiriye yiruka, ashyira imbere imikorere yigihe gito kuruta ubuzima bwinyamaswa n'imibereho myiza.
Imiti igabanya ububabare itwikiriye ibikomere, bituma amafarashi yiruka nubwo adakwiriye kumubiri. Mugihe ibi bishobora kuzamura imikorere byigihe gito, akenshi byongera ibikomere bihari, biganisha ku kwangirika kwigihe kirekire cyangwa gusenyuka kw’ibiza. Ibyifuzo byinshi byumubiri byo gusiganwa, bifatanije nibimenyetso byububabare bwahagaritswe, gusunika amafarashi kurenga imipaka yabyo, bikongera ibyago byo kuvunika, amarira yimitsi, nizindi nkomere zikomeye.
Ibiyobyabwenge byongera imikorere nabyo bikoreshwa cyane kugirango bigere ku marushanwa. Ibi bintu byongerera imbaraga ifarashi imbaraga kandi byihuta ariko biza kubiciro byingenzi. Birashobora gutera ingaruka mbi, harimo kurwara umutima, kubura umwuma, hamwe nibibazo bya gastrointestinal, bikabangamira ubuzima bwifarashi.
Kwishingikiriza cyane kuri ibyo biyobyabwenge byerekana kutita ku mibereho y’amafarashi. Ifarashi ifatwa nkibicuruzwa bikoreshwa, hamwe nubuzima bwabo bwigomwe kubwinyungu zamafaranga no gutsinda byigihe gito. Benshi bagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru imburagihe, akenshi bafite ubuzima bubi, bitewe n'umubare w'umubiri wo gusiganwa muri ibi bihe.
Byongeye kandi, kutagenzura no kugenzura bihoraho mu nganda byongera ikibazo. Mu gihe inkiko zimwe zashyize mu bikorwa ibizamini by’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibihano, kubahiriza akenshi ntibihagije, kandi icyuho cyemerera ibikorwa bitemewe gukomeza. Ibi biteza imbere umuco aho kurenza urugero, kandi ibiciro byifarashi birengagizwa.
Gukemura iki kibazo bisaba ivugurura rikomeye. Amabwiriza akomeye y’ibiyobyabwenge, kugenzura neza, n’ibihano bikaze ku ihohoterwa ni intambwe zingenzi zo kurengera imibereho y’amafarashi. Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere impinduka mu muco w’inganda - imwe iha agaciro ubuzima n’igihe kirekire cy’amafarashi ku nyungu z'igihe gito - ni ngombwa mu gushyiraho ejo hazaza heza kandi harambye.
Gutwara abantu no kwigunga
Ifarashi mu nganda zo gusiganwa ntishobora kwihanganira ibyifuzo byumubiri byo gusiganwa gusa ahubwo ihangayikishwa no gutwara no kwigunga. Aya mafarashi akunze kwimurwa hagati yubwoko butandukanye, akenshi mubihe bigufi, bitameze neza, kandi bitesha umutwe. Haba gukora urugendo rurerure ukoresheje ikamyo cyangwa gari ya moshi, amafarashi yiruka akorerwa ibidukikije bitari byiza kubuzima bwabo bwiza.
Urugendo ubwarwo rusora imisoro n'ubwenge bwabo. Imodoka zitwara abantu zisanzwe zifunzwe kandi zikabura umwanya uhagije kugirango amafarashi ahagarare bisanzwe cyangwa agenda yisanzuye. Guhangayikishwa no gutwarwa, hamwe n urusaku, kugenda, hamwe n’ibidukikije utamenyereye, birashobora gutera guhangayika, kubura umwuma, no kunanirwa. Ifarashi ishobora kwibasirwa n’ubwikorezi mu gihe cyo gutwara, harimo kuvunika, kuvunika, no kunanirwa imitsi, kubera ko kutagenda no guhagarara ku buryo budasanzwe imibiri yabo byongera ibyago byo kwangirika ku mubiri.
Bamaze kugera munzira, inzinguzingo yo kwifungisha irakomeza. Hagati yubwoko, amafarashi akunze gufungirwa mubucuruzi buto, bwitaruye, bugabanya ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwerekana imyitwarire karemano nko kurisha, kwiruka, cyangwa gusabana nandi mafarasi. Ibi bintu biratandukanye cyane nibidukikije, imibereho yabantu amafarasi asanzwe atera imbere. Kwigunga biganisha kurambirwa, gucika intege, no guhangayika, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugaragara nkimyitwarire idahwitse nko kuruma no kuboha, ibimenyetso byububabare bwo mumutwe.
Kubura imikoranire yabantu nu mwanya wo kuzerera nabyo bifite ingaruka ndende ndende kumafarashi. Ifarashi ni inyamanswa mbonezamubano, kandi ikababuza gukorana nandi mafarashi cyangwa umudendezo wo kugenda bitera guhangayika no mumutwe. Ibi bihe bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumibereho yabo muri rusange, akenshi biganisha ku kwiheba, guhangayika, nibibazo byimyitwarire.
Umuhamagaro wo Guhinduka
Nk’ibikomoka ku bimera, nizera cyane ko uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa zose bwo kubaho butarangwamo imikoreshereze, ibibi, n’imibabaro idakenewe. Inganda zo gusiganwa, hamwe nibikorwa byinshi bitera ububabare, imihangayiko, ndetse nurupfu rutaragera kumafarasi, bisaba ivugurura ryihutirwa. Igihe kirageze cyo gukemura ibibazo byimyitwarire no gufata inshingano zo kurema ejo hazaza aho amafarasi ninyamaswa zose zifatanwa impuhwe n'icyubahiro.
Guhora mu bwikorezi, kwifungisha, no kwigunga amafarashi yihanganira ni intangiriro yurutonde rurerure rwo guhohoterwa mu nganda. Kuva mu gukoresha imiti ibabaza kugeza gukomeretsa mask kugeza ku ngeso mbi yo gukubita amafarashi akoresheje ibiboko, inganda zo gusiganwa zifata amafarashi nk'ibikoresho byo kwidagadura aho kuba ibiremwa bikwiye bikwiye icyubahiro.
Ifarashi muri uru ruganda ihatirwa kwihanganira ibihe bibi, birimo ubwikorezi bugufi, aho bahagarara, ndetse n’amarangamutima yo kwigunga. Bambuwe imyitwarire yabo isanzwe, iganisha ku mibabaro yo mu mutwe, gukomeretsa ku mubiri, kandi akenshi, gupfa hakiri kare. Imyitozo yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango usunike amafarasi kurenza imipaka yayo byongera ikibazo, akenshi usize amafarashi afite inkovu z'umubiri zirambye.
Nkabaguzi, dufite imbaraga zo gukora impinduka. Muguhitamo gushyigikira ubundi buryo bwimyitwarire, nkubuzima bushingiye ku bimera na siporo itagira ubugome, dushobora kohereza ubutumwa bukomeye mu nganda ko ubugome butemewe. Ibi birashobora kubamo gushyigikira amategeko akomeye, kwemeza imibereho y amafarasi nicyo kintu cyambere, no gushyigikira ingendo zishaka gukuraho burundu isiganwa ryamafarasi.
Igihe cyo guhinduka nubu. Igihe kirageze cyo guhagarika kubona inyamaswa nkibicuruzwa hanyuma tugatangira kubibona nkabantu bafite ibyiyumvo, uburenganzira, nibikenewe. Twese hamwe, turashobora kubaka ejo hazaza dushyira imbere impuhwe kuruta ubugome, kandi tukemeza ko amafarasi, ninyamaswa zose, bishobora kubaho ubuzima butarangwamo ingaruka.
