Kwipimisha Inyamaswa mu mavuta yo kwisiga: Kunganira ubwiza bwubusa

Inganda zo kwisiga zimaze igihe zishingiye ku gupima inyamaswa mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano w’ibicuruzwa. Nyamara, iyi myitozo yaje gukurikiranwa cyane, itera impungenge imyitwarire nibibazo bikenewe muri iki gihe. Ubuvugizi bugenda bwiyongera kubwiza butagira ubugome bugaragaza impinduka zabaturage mubikorwa byinshi byubumuntu kandi birambye. Iyi ngingo iracengera mumateka yo gupima inyamaswa, imiterere yubu yumutekano wo kwisiga, no kuzamuka kwubundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome.

Ibitekerezo byamateka kubijyanye no gupima inyamaswa

Kwipimisha inyamaswa mu kwisiga birashobora guhera mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 igihe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu wabaye ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange. Muri kiriya gihe, kutagira protocole y’umutekano isanzwe byateje ibibazo byinshi by’ubuzima, bituma inzego n’ubuyobozi n’amasosiyete bifata ibizamini by’inyamaswa mu rwego rwo kwirinda. Ibizamini, nk'ikizamini cy'amaso ya Draize hamwe n'ibizamini byo kurwara uruhu, byakozwe kugira ngo hamenyekane uburakari n'uburozi ukoresheje ibintu ku jisho cyangwa ku ruhu rw'inkwavu. Ubu buryo bwamamaye cyane kubera ubworoherane no kubona ko bwizewe.

Nubwo ubu buryo bwatangaga ubumenyi bwumutekano, akenshi bwateje inyamaswa imibabaro myinshi. Inkwavu, zatoranijwe kubera imiterere yazo no kudashobora gutanga amarira neza, yihanganiye kumara igihe kinini imiti yangiza. Bahagaritswe mu bikoresho bibuza, bituma batagira kirengera ububabare n’umubabaro byatewe n'ibizamini. Ikoreshwa ryinshi ry’ibi bizamini ryateje impungenge abunganira imibereho y’inyamaswa, batangira kwibaza ku myitwarire n’ubumenyi bwa siyansi.

Mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, ubukangurambaga bw’umuguzi n’ubukangurambaga byatangiye gukurura abantu, bigora kwemererwa kwipimisha inyamaswa mu nganda zo kwisiga. Ubukangurambaga bwamamaye cyane no gutaka kwa rubanda byibanze ku kibazo cy’inyamaswa muri laboratoire, zishyiraho urufatiro rw’imyigaragambyo itagira ubugome.

Ukuri

• Ikizamini cya kanseri, gikoresha inyamaswa zigera kuri 400 kuri buri kigeragezo, ntabwo cyizewe cyane, intsinzi ya 42% gusa mu guhanura kanseri y'abantu.
• Ibizamini bya allergie yuruhu byakorewe ku ngurube byerekana neza uko allergique yumuntu igeze 72% gusa.
• Muburyo bwa vitro butuma ingirabuzimafatizo zuruhu zabantu zihingwa mubiryo bya laboratoire kugirango bipimishe uruhu. Ibi bizamini birasobanutse neza kumutekano wabantu kuko birimo ingirabuzimafatizo zabantu.
• Ibizamini bya kijyambere bigezweho bifashisha corneas ikuze muri vitro aho kuba inkwavu. Ibi bizamini byavuguruwe bitanga ibisubizo mumunsi umwe, ugereranije nibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu bisabwa mugupimisha urukwavu, akenshi usanga atari byo.
• Moderi igezweho ya mudasobwa irashobora guhanura uburozi ukoresheje isesengura ryimiterere nimyitwarire yibigize, bikuraho ibikenewe kwipimisha inyamaswa.

Ikibabaje ni uko, nubwo haboneka uburyo bunoze bwo kwipimisha butari inyamaswa ndetse no kuba hari ibihumbi n’ibikoresho bimaze kugaragara ko ari byiza gukoreshwa, inyamaswa zitabarika zikomeje kwihanganira ibizamini byubugome kandi bitari ngombwa ku bintu byo kwisiga ku isi. Iyi mikorere yubumuntu iracyakomeza nubwo abantu barwanywa bikabije ndetse no kurushaho kumenyekanisha imibereho y’inyamaswa. Buri mwaka, inkwavu, imbeba, ingurube, nizindi nyamaswa zibabazwa nuburyo bubabaza, inyinshi muri zo zikabasiga zikomeretse, impumyi, cyangwa zapfuye, byose bigamije gupima ibicuruzwa bishobora gukorwa neza hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo.

Mu isoko ry’isi yose rihuzwa, ni ngombwa ko ibihugu byishyira hamwe kugira ngo birangize kwipimisha inyamaswa zo kwisiga. Uburyo bumwe ntibureba gusa kurengera inyamaswa ahubwo binashyira urwego rwo gukiniraho ubucuruzi bwimyitwarire iharanira kubyara ibicuruzwa bitarangwamo ubugome. Mugukoresha uburyo bwa siyansi bushya, nko mugupima vitro no kwerekana imiterere ya mudasobwa, turashobora kurinda ubuzima bwabantu ndetse nubuzima bwiza bwinyamaswa mugihe dutezimbere siyanse yo kwisiga.

Twizera tudashidikanya ko gukora no kugura amavuta yo kwisiga adafite ubugome byerekana ko ari itegeko-ntambwe yo kubaka isi yuzuye impuhwe kandi ishinzwe. Ihuza n'indangagaciro zo gukoresha imyitwarire abaguzi kwisi bakeneye cyane. Ubushakashatsi buri gihe bwerekana ko abantu bashaka gushyigikira ibirango bishyira imbere imibereho yinyamaswa no kuramba. Igihe kizaza cyo kwisiga kiri mu guhanga udushya nta bugome, kandi twese bireba - guverinoma, ubucuruzi, n'abantu ku giti cyabo - kugira ngo iki cyerekezo kibe impamo.

Mu myaka irenga 50, inyamaswa zipimishije ububabare bwo kwisiga. Nyamara, siyanse n'ibitekerezo rusange byahindutse, kandi muri iki gihe, ntabwo ari ngombwa cyangwa ngo byemererwe kugirira nabi inyamaswa kugira ngo habeho amavuta yo kwisiga.

Ibikoresho byinyamanswa mu kwisiga no mu bwiherero

Ibikoresho bikomoka ku nyamaswa bikunze kuboneka mubintu bitandukanye byo kwisiga hamwe nibicuruzwa byawe bwite. Ibintu byinshi bizwi cyane nk'amata, ubuki, n'ibishashara bikunze gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa nka shampo, geles yo koga, hamwe n'amavuta yo kwisiga. Ariko, hariho nibindi bintu bitamenyerewe, nka civet musk cyangwa ambergris, rimwe na rimwe byongerwaho parufe na nyuma yo kwiyogoshesha bitashyizwe ku rutonde ku bicuruzwa.

Uku kutagira umucyo birashobora gutuma bigora abakiriya kumenya neza ibikomoka ku nyamaswa mubicuruzwa bakoresha buri munsi. Hasi nurutonde rwibintu bimwe na bimwe bisanzwe bikomoka ku nyamaswa biboneka mu kwisiga no mu bwiherero, hamwe n'ingero z'aho zikoreshwa. Nyamuneka menya ko uru rutonde rutuzuye kandi hashobora kubaho ibindi bintu byinshi byinyamanswa biboneka mubicuruzwa byo kwisiga, cyane cyane impumuro nziza, bitagengwa cyane mubijyanye no gutangaza ibintu.

1. Allantoin (Acide Uric ituruka ku nka n’inyamabere z’inyamabere): Iki kintu gikoreshwa mu mavuta no kwisiga kugirango bifashe gutuza no kurinda uruhu.
2. Ambergris : Ikoreshwa mu mpumuro nziza ihenze, ambergris ikorwa na baleine yintanga kandi ikusanyirizwa mu nyanja cyangwa ku nkombe. Nubwo muri rusange inyanja itangirika mugihe cyo gukusanya, ubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa bya baleine cyangwa ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bitera impungenge zishingiye ku myitwarire, bikomeza igitekerezo cya balale nkibicuruzwa.
3. Acide ya Arachidonic (aside irike ituruka ku nyamaswa): Akenshi iboneka mu mavuta yo mu ruhu no mu mavuta yo kwisiga, iki kintu gikoreshwa mu gutuza ibintu nka eczema no kurwara.
4. Ibishashara (Nanone Royal Jelly cyangwa Cera Alba): Bikunze kuboneka muri geles yo kwiyuhagira, shampo, ibicuruzwa byita ku ruhu, hamwe na maquillage, ibishashara bisarurwa mu nzuki kandi bifite imikoreshereze itandukanye kubera imiterere yabyo.
5. Acide ya Caprylic (Acide ibinure biva mu nka cyangwa amata y'ihene): Ikoreshwa muri parufe n'amasabune, iyi aside ikomoka ku mata y'inyamaswa kandi ifite imiti igabanya ubukana.
6. Carmine / Cochineal (Udukoko twa cochineal Crushed): Iyi miti itukura iboneka cyane muri maquillage, shampo, na geles yo koga, kandi ikomoka ku gakoko ka cochineal.
7. Castoreum : Yakozwe ninzuki nkimpumuro nziza, castoreum iboneka mubyuma bikunze kwicwa mugihe cyo gusarura. Mugihe imikoreshereze yacyo yagabanutse, iracyahari muri parufe nziza.
8. Kolagen : Mugihe kolagen ishobora gukorwa muri bagiteri n'umusemburo, ikunze gukomoka ku nyamaswa nk'inka cyangwa amafi. Iyi poroteyine ikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa byita ku ruhu kubushobozi bwayo bwo kunoza uruhu rworoshye.
9. Civet Musk : Iyi mpumuro ikomoka kuri civet nyafurika na Aziya, ikunze guhingwa mubihe bibi. Ururenda rukoreshwa mu gukora civet musk ruboneka muburyo bubabaza kandi butera, bitera impungenge zubugome bwinyamaswa.
10. Guanine : Yakuwe mu munzani w'amafi, guanine ikoreshwa cyane mu bicuruzwa byo kwisiga, cyane cyane mu gicucu cy'amaso na lipstike, kugira ngo bigire ingaruka nziza.
11. Gelatine : Ikomoka ku magufa y’inyamaswa, imitsi, na ligaments, gelatine ikoreshwa nkibyimbye mu kwisiga no mu bwiherero butandukanye.
12. Ubuki .
13. Keratin : Poroteyine ikomoka ku mahembe y'ubutaka, ibinono, amababa, ibishishwa, n'umusatsi w'inyamaswa zitandukanye, keratin ikoreshwa muri shampo, kwoza umusatsi, no kuvura kugirango ishimangire kandi igaburire umusatsi.
14. Lanolin : Yakuwe mu bwoya bw'intama, lanoline ikunze kuboneka mu kwisiga no mu bicuruzwa byita ku ruhu, aho ikora nk'amazi meza kandi yangiza.
15. Amata .
16. Estrogene : Mugihe ibimera bikomoka ku bimera biboneka, estrogene rimwe na rimwe ikurwa mu nkari z'amafarashi atwite. Iyi misemburo ikoreshwa mumavuta amwe n'amwe yo kurwanya gusaza kugirango ateze uruhu rushya.
17. Amavuta ya Musk : Kuboneka mumasemburo yumye yimpongo, inzuki, muskrat, injangwe za civet, na otter, amavuta ya musk akoreshwa mumibavu. Gahunda yo gusarura akenshi irababaza kandi itagira ubumuntu, itera impungenge zubugome bwinyamaswa.
18. Shellac : Iyi resin ikorwa ninyenzi kandi ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa nka langi yimisumari, imisatsi yimisatsi, ibicuruzwa byita kuruhu, na parufe. Inyenzi zicwa mugihe cyo gusarura, bigatuma impungenge zimyitwarire zikoreshwa.
19. Udusimba : Udusimba twajanjaguwe rimwe na rimwe dukoreshwa mu mashanyarazi y’uruhu bitewe n’ibitekerezo byabo byo gukiza no kurwanya gusaza.
20. Squalene : Ibi bikoresho, akenshi biva mubihimba by'inyoni, bikunze gukoreshwa muri deodorant na moisturizers. Ikoreshwa rya squalene ikomoka kuri sharke itera impungenge zijyanye no kuroba cyane no kugabanuka kwabaturage.
21. Uburebure : Ubwoko bwamavuta yinyamanswa ziva mu nka n'intama, uburebure bukunze kuboneka mu masabune na lipstike.

Bitewe no kutagira umucyo kurutonde rwibigize, cyane cyane muri parufe n'impumuro nziza, birashobora kugora cyane abaguzi kumenya ibintu byose bikomoka ku nyamaswa bikoreshwa mubicuruzwa baguze. Nkibisanzwe, niba isosiyete itanditse neza ibicuruzwa nkibikomoka ku bimera, abaguzi bagomba gutekereza ko bishobora kuba birimo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikomoka ku nyamaswa. Uku kutagira ibimenyetso bisobanutse birashimangira akamaro ko kunganira kurushaho gukorera mu mucyo n’imyitwarire myiza mu nganda zo kwisiga n’ubwiherero.

Ubufasha buri hafi!

Kubona ubugome butarangwamo ubugome hamwe no kwisiga ibikomoka ku bimera hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu byoroheje cyane mu myaka yashize, bitewe n’imiryango yita ku mibereho y’inyamaswa. Aya mashyirahamwe yashyizeho ibyemezo byerekana neza ibirango bihuza namahame mbwirizamuco kandi ntibipimisha inyamaswa cyangwa ngo bikoreshe ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Impamyabumenyi n'ibirango bitangwa n'aya matsinda biha abakiriya inzira yoroshye yo kumenya ibirango byiyemeje ibikorwa bitarangwamo ubugome no guhitamo ibikomoka ku bimera.

Bimwe mu byemezo bizwi cyane kandi byubahwa mu mibereho y’inyamaswa harimo Leaping Bunny, ikirango cya PETA cyubugome-Bunny, hamwe n’ikirango cya Vegan Sosiyete ya Vegan. Ibi byemezo nibikoresho byingirakamaro mugikorwa cyo gufata ibyemezo kubantu biyemeje kugura ibicuruzwa bihuye n'imyizerere yabo. Imiryango iharanira imibereho myiza y’inyamanswa ihora ivugurura urutonde n’amakuru, ikemeza ko abaturage babona ibikoresho nyabyo kandi byizewe mu gihe bashakisha ubundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome n’ibikomoka ku bimera.

Ariko, ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko ibintu bishobora guhinduka. Ikirangantego cyemejwe nkubugome butagira ubugome cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera muri iki gihe birashobora kugurwa na nyir'umushinga mushya cyangwa sosiyete mu gihe kiri imbere, kandi ba nyir'ubwite bashya ntibashobora gukurikiza amahame mbwirizamuco nkayashinze mbere. Ibi birashobora gutuma ikirango gitakaza ubugome bwubusa cyangwa ibyemezo byibikomoka ku bimera. Nibintu bigoye, nkuko indangagaciro yibirango byumwimerere ishobora rimwe na rimwe guhinduka hamwe na nyirubwite bushya, kandi iri hinduka ntirishobora guhita rigaragara kubaguzi.

Inganda nubwiza bwumuntu zihora zitera imbere, kandi hamwe nibyo, ibipimo byibintu bigize ubugome butarangwamo ubugome cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera birashobora rimwe na rimwe kuba urujijo. Kurugero, ibirango bimwe byigeze bikomeza kuba umuntu udafite ubugome birashobora gutangira kwisuzumisha kwinyamaswa cyangwa gukoresha ibikomoka ku nyamaswa muburyo bwazo bitavuguruye ibirango byabo cyangwa ibyemezo. Abaguzi bashishikajwe n’imibereho y’inyamaswa barashobora kubona ibi bitesha umutwe, kuko bishobora kugorana gukomeza izo mpinduka no kwemeza ko ibyo baguze bihuye nagaciro kabo.

Muri ibi bihe, ni ngombwa kwishingikiriza ku mirimo ikomeje y’imiryango yita ku mibereho y’inyamanswa, kuko akenshi iba ku isonga mu gukurikirana izo mpinduka. Aya mashyirahamwe akorana umwete kugirango atange amakuru agezweho yerekana ibicuruzwa bikomeza kuba ubugome cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera, ariko kubera imiterere ihora ihindagurika yinganda, nubwo zidashobora guhora zitanga ibisobanuro byuzuye. Ni ngombwa gukomeza kumenyeshwa kugenzura urutonde ruvuguruwe, gusoma ibirango byibicuruzwa, no gushyigikira ibirango bisobanutse kubikorwa byabo.

Tugomba kandi kumenya imipaka y'uruhare rwacu nk'abaguzi. Mugihe dushobora kwihatira guhitamo imyitwarire no gushyigikira ibicuruzwa bitarangwamo ubugome cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera, ntabwo buri gihe byoroshye gukomeza kumenyeshwa byuzuye kuri buri kirango cyangwa ibicuruzwa tugura. Impinduka zibaho, kandi rimwe na rimwe ntidushobora gufata buri kintu gishya. Icy'ingenzi ni ugukomeza gushyira ingufu mu guhitamo ibicuruzwa bitarangwamo ubugome n’ibikomoka ku bimera igihe cyose bishoboka no gutera inkunga imiryango ikora mu rwego rwo guteza imbere inganda.

Icyo ushobora gukora

Igikorwa cyose kirabaze, kandi hamwe, turashobora guhindura itandukaniro rinini mukurwanya ibizamini byinyamaswa mu nganda zo kwisiga. Dore inzira nkeya ushobora gufasha kurema isi itagira ubugome kubicuruzwa byubwiza:

1. Shyigikira Ubugome-Buntu na Vegan Ibicuruzwa
   Kimwe mubintu byingenzi ushobora gukora ni uguhitamo kugura ibicuruzwa byemejwe nubugome butarimo ibikomoka ku bimera. Shakisha ibirango byizewe, nka Leaping Bunny cyangwa PETA yubugome butagira ubugome, kugirango ibicuruzwa ugura bitageragezwa ku nyamaswa kandi bitarimo ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Mugushyigikira ibyo birango, ufasha gukora ibisabwa kubicuruzwa bitarimo ubugome no gushishikariza abandi kubikurikiza.
2. Iyigishe hamwe nabandi
   Mugume mumenyesha ikibazo cyo gupima inyamaswa nubundi buryo buboneka. Ubumenyi nimbaraga, kandi mugusobanukirwa ingaruka ziterwa no gupima inyamaswa ninyungu zuburyo bwo gupima inyamaswa, urashobora guhitamo neza no gusangira ayo makuru nabandi. Gukwirakwiza ubukangurambaga muganira ku buryo butarangwamo ubugome n'inshuti, umuryango, ndetse na bagenzi bawe kandi ubashishikarize kwihagararaho kwipimisha inyamaswa.
3. Gira uruhare mu bukangurambaga
   Winjire mu bukangurambaga bukangurira abantu gupima inyamaswa no gushyigikira urugendo rwo kurangiza. Amashyirahamwe menshi akora ibyifuzo, disiki zo kumenyekanisha, hamwe nubukangurambaga kumurongo ukeneye ijwi ryawe. Mugushira umukono kubisabwa, gusangira amakuru kurubuga rusange, no kwitabira ibirori, urashobora kongera ubutumwa kandi ugashyiraho igitutu kubirango na leta kugirango bigire icyo bikora.
4. Umuvugizi uhindura politiki
   Menyesha abanyapolitiki na guverinoma baho kugirango bagaragaze uko uhagaze mugupima inyamaswa. Abanyapolitike n'abashinzwe gufata ingamba bakeneye kumva abaturage bita ku mibereho y’inyamaswa. Mugihe wanditse amabaruwa, guhamagara kuri terefone, cyangwa kwifatanya mubisabwa kugirango uhagarike kwipimisha inyamaswa, urashobora gufasha guhindura impinduka zamategeko zemerera kubuza inyamaswa kwisiga.
5. Hitamo kuba Umuguzi Ushinzwe
   Buri gihe reba ibirango hanyuma ukore ubushakashatsi kubirango ushyigikiye. Niba ikirango kitarangwamo ubugome cyangwa niba utazi neza imikorere yabo, fata akanya ubaze hanyuma ubaze ibya politiki yo gupima inyamaswa. Ibigo byinshi biha agaciro ibitekerezo byabakiriya, kandi mukuvuga ibibazo byawe, wohereza ubutumwa ko hakenewe kwiyongera kubicuruzwa bitarangwamo ubugome. Ibyo waguze birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda.
6. Shyigikira Amashyirahamwe yita ku nyamaswa
   Tanga cyangwa witange nimiryango ikora kugirango irangize ibizamini byinyamaswa. Aya matsinda afite uruhare runini mubuvugizi, ubushakashatsi, nuburezi bukenewe kugirango habeho impinduka. Inkunga yawe ifasha gutera inkunga ubukangurambaga, gutanga ibikoresho kubakoresha, no gukomeza urugamba rwo kurinda inyamaswa mu nganda zubwiza ndetse no hanze yarwo.
7. Shishikariza ibicuruzwa gukora neza
   Kugera kubiranga ubwiza ukunda kandi ubashishikarize gukora ibikorwa byubugome. Bamenyeshe ko witaye ku myitwarire y'ibicuruzwa ukoresha kandi ko utegereje ko bahagarika ibizamini by'inyamaswa bagashaka ubundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome. Ibirango byinshi byakira ibyifuzo byabaguzi kandi birashobora kongera gusuzuma politiki yikizamini bishingiye ku gitutu rusange.

Ufashe izi ntambwe, uba igice cyingenzi cyumuryango wisi ugana mubikorwa byo kwisiga bitagira ubugome. Ibikorwa byawe, nubwo byaba bito, byiyongera, kandi hamwe, turashobora kurema isi aho inyamaswa zitakigirirwa nabi kubwiza. Guhitamo kwose kurashobora kugufasha gukora ingaruka zirambye.