Iterabwoba ryo Gutwara: Kubabazwa Byihishe Ingurube-Ingurube
Ingurube zifite ubwenge, inyamanswa mbonezamubano, iyo zemerewe kubaho mubuzima busanzwe, zishobora kubaho mugihe cyimyaka 10 kugeza 15. Ariko, iherezo ryingurube zororerwa mu ruganda ni itandukaniro rikabije. Izi nyamaswa, ziterwa n’amahano y’ubuhinzi bw’inganda, zoherejwe kubagwa nyuma y’amezi atandatu gusa yubuzima - ni agace gato k’ubuzima bwabo.
Urugendo rugana kubagiro rutangira kera mbere yuko ingurube zigera aho ziherereye. Kugira ngo izo nyamaswa ziteye ubwoba ku gikamyo zigenewe kubagwa, abakozi bakunze gukoresha uburyo bw'urugomo. Ingurube zikubitwa ku mazuru no ku mugongo zifite ibintu bidahwitse, cyangwa amashanyarazi azungurutswe mu muyoboro wazo kugira ngo abahatire kwimuka. Ibi bikorwa bitera ububabare bukabije nububabare, kandi nyamara ni ibintu bisanzwe mubikorwa byo gutwara abantu.
Ingurube zimaze gupakirwa mu gikamyo, ibintu birushaho kuba bibi. Ingurube zuzuye mu ruziga 18 zititaye cyane ku guhumurizwa kwazo cyangwa kumererwa neza, ingurube zirwana no kubona umwuka muke. Mubisanzwe bangiwe ibiryo n'amazi mugihe cyurugendo, rushobora kurenza ibirometero amagana. Kubura umwuka uhagije hamwe nibyingenzi nkenerwa, nko gutunga no guhumeka, byongera ububabare bwabo.
Mubyukuri, ubwikorezi nimwe mubitera urupfu rwingurube mbere yuko zigera kubagiro. Raporo y’inganda yo mu 2006 ivuga ko ingurube zirenga miliyoni imwe zipfa buri mwaka biturutse ku mahano bahura nazo mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu bonyine. Izi mpfu ziterwa no guhuza ikirere gikabije, ubucucike bwinshi, hamwe numubare wurugendo nyirizina.
Rimwe na rimwe, imitwaro yose y’ingurube itwarwa n’ibintu bibabaje aho hafi 10 ku ijana by’inyamaswa zishyirwa mu “hasi”. Izi ni ingurube zirwaye cyangwa zikomeretse kuburyo zidashobora kwihagararaho cyangwa kugenda wenyine. Akenshi, izo nyamaswa zisigara zibabaye bucece, kuko zasizwe gusa mu gikamyo. Iyo itavuwe, ubuzima bwabo bwarushijeho kuba bubi mu gihe cy’urugendo rubi, kandi benshi muri bo bapfa bazize ibikomere cyangwa uburwayi mbere yo kugera ku ibagiro.
Ingaruka ntizagarukira mugihe kimwe gusa. Mu gihe c'itumba, ingurube zimwe zipfa gukonja gushika ku mpande zamakamyo, zishushe n'ubushuhe bukonje amasaha arangiye. Mu mpeshyi, inkuru irababaje cyane, hamwe ningurube zaguye mu bushyuhe kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi no kubura umwuka. Guhorana imbaraga z'umubiri hamwe nububabare bwo mumutwe bwurugendo birashobora kandi gutuma ingurube zimwe zigwa kandi zigahumeka, kuko inyamaswa ziyongera akenshi ziba zuzuye hejuru yazo. Ibi bihe bibabaje bitera umubabaro mwinshi kubinyamaswa, zafashwe ninzozi mbi zo gukora.
Ikintu kibabaza cyane muri uru rugendo ni ubwoba no kubabaza ingurube. Mu mwanya ufunzwe w'ikamyo, izi nyamaswa zifite ubwenge kandi zifite amarangamutima zizi neza akaga bahura nazo. Bavuza induru kubera ubwoba, bagerageza cyane guhunga ibintu bitakwihanganirwa. Ubu bwoba, bufatanije nuburemere bwumubiri bwurugendo, akenshi biganisha kumutima.
Ibi bintu bitangaje byo gutwara ingurube ntabwo ari ikibazo cyihariye - ni kimwe mu bigize inganda z’ubuhinzi. Gahunda yo gutwara abantu nimwe mubyiciro byubugome mubuzima bwizi nyamaswa, zimaze gukorerwa ubuzima bwa kimuntu mumirima yinganda. Bihanganira urugomo, kwamburwa, no guhangayika bikabije kuko bajyanwa kure cyane kugeza ku rupfu rubabaje.
Amahano yo gutwara ingurube ntabwo agaragaza ubugome gusa mu nganda zinyama ahubwo anibutsa rwose ko hakenewe ivugurura. Tugomba gukemura ihohoterwa rishingiye kuri gahunda izo nyamaswa zihura nazo muri buri cyiciro cyubuzima bwazo, kuva zikivuka kugeza zibagiwe. Kurangiza ibyo bikorwa bisaba ingamba za guverinoma ndetse n’abaguzi. Muguharanira amategeko akomeye y’imibereho y’inyamaswa, gushyigikira ubundi buryo butarangwamo ubugome, no kugabanya ibyo dukenera ku nyamaswa, dushobora gufatanya kurangiza ububabare bw’ingurube n’andi matungo yororerwa mu ruganda. Igihe kirageze ngo duhagarike gutwara iterabwoba nuburyo bwose bwubugome bwinyamaswa.
Ukuri Kubabaje Kwica: Ubuzima bwingurube-Ingurube
Ingurube, kimwe ninyamaswa zose, ni ibiremwa bifite imyumvire ifite ubushobozi bwo kubabara, ubwoba, nibyishimo. Nyamara, ubuzima bwingurube zororerwa muruganda ntiburi kure. Kuva bakivuka, bagarukira ahantu hagufi, badashobora kwimuka cyangwa kwigaragaza mu bwisanzure. Kubaho kwabo kwose kumara muburyo butimuka, aho babuze ubushobozi bwo kugenda cyangwa kurambura. Igihe kirenze, uku kwifungisha kuganisha ku kwangirika kwumubiri, hamwe namaguru adakomeye hamwe nibihaha bidakuze, bigatuma bidashoboka ko bagenda mugihe barangije kurekurwa.
Iyo izo ngurube zirekuwe mu kiraro cyazo, akenshi zigaragaza imyitwarire igaragara mu nyamaswa zambuwe umudendezo-umunezero. Nkinshi nkibyuzuye byuzuye bibona ibihe byabo byambere byubwigenge, ingurube zirasimbuka, zishira, kandi zikishimira ibyiyumvo byimikorere, zishimiye ubushobozi bwabo bushya bwo kuzerera. Ariko umunezero wabo ni uw'igihe gito. Imibiri yabo, yacitse intege ukwezi cyangwa imyaka myinshi yo kwifungisha, ntabwo ifite ibikoresho kugirango ikemure iki gikorwa gitunguranye. Mu kanya, benshi barasenyuka, badashobora kongera kubyuka. Imibiri ubwayo yahoze ikomeye ubu iracyafite intege nke zo kuyitwara. Ingurube ziraryamye aho, zigerageza guhumeka, imibiri yabo yuzuyemo ububabare bwo kutita no guhohoterwa. Izi nyamaswa zikennye zisigaye zibabara, zidashobora guhunga ububabare bwimbaraga zabo bwite.
Urugendo rugana ibagiro, nyuma yuyu mwanya muto wubwisanzure, nubugome. Mu ibagiro, ingurube zihura n’ibihe bidasanzwe. Ubwinshi bwubwicanyi mu mirima yinganda zigezweho buratangaje. Ubusanzwe ibagiro rishobora kwica ingurube zigera ku 1100 buri saha imwe. Ubwinshi bwinyamaswa ziciwe bivuze ko zanyuze munzira zititaye kumibereho yabo. Uburyo bwo kwica, bugenewe gukora neza aho kugira impuhwe, akenshi bituma ingurube zibabazwa nububabare bukabije.
Imwe mumikorere ikunze kubagwa ni ibitangaza bidakwiye. Inzira itangaje, igamije guhindura ingurube ubwenge mbere yuko umuhogo wabo ucika, akenshi bikorwa nabi cyangwa ntibikore na gato. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingurube nyinshi ziracyari muzima iyo zinjijwe mu kigega cyaka, icyumba cyubugome cyagenewe gukuramo umusatsi no koroshya uruhu. Nk’uko umukozi umwe wo mu ibagiro abivuga, ati: "Nta kuntu izo nyamaswa zishobora kuva amaraso mu minota mike bifata kugira ngo zive mu kirindiro. Mugihe bakubise ikigega cyaka, baracyumva neza kandi bavuza induru. Bibaho igihe cyose."
Amahano ntagarukira aho. Nkuko ingurube zajugunywe mu bigega byaka, baracyamenya ubushyuhe bukabije nububabare bwuruhu rwabo rutwikwa. Bakomeje gusakuza cyane, bazi neza ibibakikije, nubwo inganda zashyizeho umwete wo guhakana akababaro kabo. Uburyo bwo gutwika bugamije koroshya uruhu no gukuramo umusatsi, ariko ku ngurube, ni ibintu bitihanganirwa byo kwica urubozo no kubabazwa.
Inganda zubuhinzi bwuruganda zishyira imbere umuvuduko ninyungu kuruta imibereho yinyamaswa, biganisha ku ihohoterwa rikabije ndetse nubumuntu. Sisitemu ihari yagenewe gutunganya inyamaswa nyinshi zishoboka, zititaye cyane kumibereho yabo yumubiri cyangwa amarangamutima. Ingurube, zifite ubwenge kandi zishobora kumva amarangamutima akomeye, ntizifatwa nkibindi bicuruzwa - ibintu bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango abantu barye.
