Inyanja y'isi, nini kandi isa nkaho itagira iherezo, ibamo ubuzima butandukanye bwo mu nyanja. Nyamara, munsi yubuso butangaje haribintu byukuri: gukoresha cyane umutungo winyanja ukoresheje uburobyi burenze urugero hamwe nuburobyi bwayo butera amoko atabarika kurimbuka. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza ingaruka mbi ziterwa no kuroba cyane no kuroba ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja, byerekana ko hakenewe byihutirwa imikorere y’imicungire irambye yo kubungabunga ubuzima n’ibinyabuzima by’inyanja yacu.
Kuroba
Kuroba cyane bibaho mugihe amafi yasaruwe ku kigero cyihuse kuruta uko ashobora kwiyuzuzamo. Uku gukurikirana ubudahwema ibiryo byo mu nyanja byatumye umubare w'amafi menshi agabanuka ku isi. Amato yo kuroba mu nganda afite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho hamwe n’ibikoresho bihanitse bifite ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka uturere twose two mu nyanja, bigasigara byangiritse. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubwoko bwibishushanyo nka tuna, code, n amafi yinkota ubu biragenda bigabanuka cyane, aho abaturage bamwe bagabanutse kugera kurwego rwo hasi.
Ingaruka zo kuroba birenze kure ubwoko bwibigenewe. Urubuga rukomeye rwubuzima bwo mu nyanja rushingiye ku binyabuzima byuzuye kugira ngo rutere imbere, kandi kuvanaho inyamaswa zangiza cyangwa umuhigo bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye mu biribwa. Kurugero, gusenyuka kwabaturage ba code muri Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru byahungabanije urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byose, bituma igabanuka ry’ibindi binyabuzima kandi bibangamira umutekano w’abaturage batunzwe n’uburobyi.
Byongeye kandi, kuroba cyane bivamo kuvana abantu benshi, imyororokere mubaturage, bikagabanya ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuzura no kwibeshaho. Ibi birashobora gutuma habaho ihinduka ry’imiterere y’ibinyabuzima, bigatuma barushaho kwibasirwa n’ibidukikije no kugabanya guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Bycatch
Usibye kwibasirwa n’ibinyabuzima bifite agaciro mu bucuruzi, ibikorwa by’uburobyi mu nganda nabwo butabigambiriye gufata amoko menshi y’ibinyabuzima bidafite intego, bizwi ku izina rya bycatch. Kuva ku nyenzi nini zo mu nyanja na dolphine kugeza ku nyanja nziza ya korali n’inyoni zo mu nyanja, bycatch ntizigirira imbabazi mu buryo butarobanuye. Gukurura inshundura, umurongo muremure, hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo kuroba bigenewe gufata amoko yihariye akenshi bigusha mu mutego abahohotewe batabigambiriye, bikabatera gukomeretsa, guhumeka, cyangwa gupfa.
Umubare wa bycatch ku buzima bwo mu nyanja uratangaje. Amamiriyoni yinyamaswa zo mu nyanja ziricwa cyangwa zigakomereka buri mwaka nkibyangiritse mugukurikirana ibiryo byo mu nyanja. Ibinyabuzima bigenda byangirika byibasirwa cyane no gufatwa, bikabasunika hafi yo kuzimangana na buri kintu cyose. Byongeye kandi, gusenya ahantu nyaburanga nko mu nyanja ya korali n’ibitanda byo mu nyanja hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo kuroba byongera gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kandi byangiza ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja.
Ingaruka z'umuntu
Ingaruka zo kuroba no kuroba zirenze ubuzima bwinyanja, bigira ingaruka kumibereho yabantu nubukungu. Uburobyi butanga ubuzima bwingenzi kubantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi yose, bufasha abaturage bo ku nkombe no gutanga poroteyine ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni. Icyakora, igabanuka ry’ibigega by’amafi no kwangirika kw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja bibangamira ubuzima bw’igihe kirekire cy’uburobyi, bikabangamira umutekano w’ibiribwa ndetse n’ubukungu bw’abantu batabarika.
Byongeye kandi, isenyuka ry’abaturage b’amafi rishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku muco n’imibereho myiza y’abasangwabutaka ndetse n’inyanja bashingiye ku burobyi uko ibisekuruza byagiye bisimburana. Mugihe amafi aba make, amakimbirane ashingiye ku kugabanuka k'umutungo arashobora kuvuka, bikarushaho gukaza umurego no guhungabanya ubumwe. Rimwe na rimwe, gutakaza ibikorwa by’uburobyi n’ubumenyi gakondo byangiza umurage ndangamuco w’abaturage, bigatuma barushaho kwibasirwa n’ibibazo by’ubukungu n’ibidukikije.
Ibisubizo birambye
Gukemura ikibazo cyo kuroba no kuroba bisaba inzira zinyuranye zihuza ingamba zifatika zo kuyobora, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, nubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gucunga uburobyi bushingiye kuri siyansi, urugero nko gufata imipaka, kugabanya ingano, hamwe n’ahantu harinzwe n’inyanja, ni ngombwa mu kongera kubaka amafi yatakaye no kugarura ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja.
Byongeye kandi, ubufatanye hagati ya guverinoma, abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda, n’imiryango ishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho imicungire y’uburobyi burambye ku isi. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga, nk’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’amafi n’amasezerano y’ubudasa bw’ibinyabuzima, atanga urwego rw’ubufatanye n’ubufatanye mu kubungabunga no gucunga umutungo w’inyanja. Mugukorera hamwe kumipaka nimirenge, turashobora gushiraho ejo hazaza aho inyanja yuzuye ubuzima niterambere mugisekuru kizaza.
