Intangiriro
Mu isi nini, akenshi itagaragara mu buhinzi bw’inganda, urugendo ruva mu murima rugana ibagiro ry’ingurube ni ibintu bitoroshye kandi bitaganiriweho cyane. Mu gihe impaka zerekeye imyitwarire yo kurya inyama n’ubuhinzi bw’uruganda zikomeje kwiyongera, ukuri kubabaje inzira yo gutwara abantu bikomeje guhishwa abantu benshi. Iyi nyandiko irashaka kumurikira inzira yuzuye ingurube zihanganira kuva mu murima kugeza kubaga, zigahangayikishwa n’imibabaro, imibabaro, n’imyitwarire iboneye muri iki cyiciro cyo gutunganya inyama .
Iterabwoba
Urugendo ruva mu murima rugana ibagiro ry’ingurube zororerwa mu ruganda ni inkuru iteye ubwoba y’imibabaro n’iterabwoba, akenshi bitwikiriwe n’inkuta z’ubuhinzi bw’inganda. Mugukurikirana imikorere ninyungu, ibyo biremwa bifite amarangamutima bikorerwa ubugome budasanzwe, ubuzima bwabo bugufi bwaranzwe nubwoba, ububabare, no kwiheba.
Ingurube, inyamaswa zifite ubwenge kandi zigoye mumarangamutima, zangiwe amahirwe yo kubaho ubuzima bwazo busanzwe, ugereranije hagati yimyaka 10-15. Ahubwo, ubuzima bwabo bwaragabanutse mu buryo butunguranye ku mezi atandatu gusa, bakatiwe amaherezo yo kwifungisha, guhohoterwa, no kwicwa amaherezo. Ariko na mbere yuko barimbuka bidatinze, amahano yo gutwara abantu atera umubabaro mwinshi ibyo biremwa byinzirakarengane.
Kugira ngo bahatire ingurube ziteye ubwoba ku makamyo yerekeza mu ibagiro, abakozi bakoresha amayeri y’ubugome asuzugura imyumvire yose y’impuhwe n’ubupfura. Gukubita ku mazuru no ku mugongo byunvikana, no gukoresha amashanyarazi yinjijwe mu rubavu rwabo, bikora nk'ibikoresho by'ubugome byo kugenzura, bituma ingurube zahahamuka kandi zibabaza mbere yuko urugendo rwabo rutangira.
Ingurube zimaze kwipakirwa mu magare magufi y’ibiziga 18, ingurube zijugunywa mu kaga ko kwifungisha no kwamburwa. Guharanira guhumeka umwuka uhumeka kandi ukabura ibiryo n'amazi mu gihe cy'urugendo - akenshi bikora ibirometero amagana - bihanganira ingorane zitavugwa. Ubushyuhe bukabije imbere mu gikamyo, bwiyongereye kubera kubura umwuka, butuma ingurube ziba zidashobora kwihanganira, mu gihe imyotsi yangiza ya amoniya na mazutu ya mazutu irushaho kwiyongera.
Konti yahoze itwara ingurube yerekana ibintu biteye ubwoba byerekana uburyo bwo gutwara abantu, aho ingurube zipakiwe cyane ku buryo ingingo z’imbere ziva mu mibiri yabo - bikaba ari ikimenyetso cyerekana ubugome bukabije bwo gufungwa kwabo.
Ikibabaje ni uko amahano yo gutwara abantu ahitana ubuzima bw'ingurube zirenga miliyoni buri mwaka, nk'uko raporo z’inganda zibitangaza. Abandi benshi bahitanwa n'indwara cyangwa ibikomere mu nzira, bahinduka “abamanuka” - inyamaswa zidafite akamaro zidashobora kwihagararaho cyangwa kugenda wenyine. Kuri aba roho mbi, urugendo rurangirira muburakari bwa nyuma mugihe bakubiswe imigeri, bakandagira, kandi bakururwa mu gikamyo kugirango bahure nibyago byabo byabereye.
Umubare utangaje w’imibabaro yatewe ningurube zororerwa mu ruganda mugihe cyo gutwara abantu ni ibirego byerekana inganda zatewe ninyungu bitwaje impuhwe n’imyitwarire. Irerekana ubugome busanzwe bw’ubuhinzi bw’inganda, aho ibiremwa bifite imyumvire bigabanuka ku bicuruzwa gusa, ubuzima bwabo no gutambwa neza ku gicaniro cy’umusaruro rusange.
Imbere y'ubugome nk'ubwo butavugwa, biratureba nk'abantu bafite impuhwe zo guhamya ibibazo by'abo bahohotewe batagira amajwi kandi bagasaba ko imibabaro yabo irangira. Tugomba kwanga amahano yo guhinga uruganda kandi tukemera uburyo bwikiremwamuntu nubupfura muburyo bwo gutanga ibiribwa - bumwe bwubaha agaciro nicyubahiro cyibinyabuzima byose. Icyo gihe ni bwo dushobora kuvuga ko turi umuryango uyobowe n'impuhwe n'ubutabera.
gucikwa
Amashusho agaragara mugihe cyo gupakurura no kubaga ingurube mu ibagiro ry’inganda ntakintu na kimwe giteye ubwoba. Kuri izi nyamaswa, ubuzima bwazo bwaranzwe no kwifungisha n'imibabaro, ibihe bya nyuma mbere y'urupfu byuzuye ubwoba, ububabare, n'ubugome budasanzwe.
Mu gihe ingurube zirukanwa mu gikamyo no mu ibagiro, imibiri yabo ihemukira umubare w'amafaranga yasabwaga ubuzima bwe bwose. Amaguru n'ibihaha byabo, byacitse intege kubera kudahangarwa no kutitabwaho, birwanira gushyigikira ibiro byabo, bigatuma bamwe badashobora kugenda. Nyamara, mu bihe bibi byababayeho, ingurube zimwe zisanga zarahagaritswe umutima no kubona ahantu hafunguye - ni akanya gato k'ubwisanzure nyuma y'ubuzima bwose.
Hamwe na adrenaline yiyongera, barasimbuka baraboha, imitima yabo iriruka hamwe n'ibyishimo byo kwibohora. Ariko umunezero wabo mushya ni uw'igihe gito, wagabanijwe ubugome nukuri kugaragara kwabicanyi. Mu kanya, imibiri yabo iratanga inzira, yikubita hasi mubirundo byububabare no kwiheba. Ntibashobora guhaguruka, baryamye aho, bahumeka umwuka, imibiri yabo yuzuye ububabare kubera imyaka myinshi yo guhohoterwa no kutita ku mirima y'uruganda.
Imbere mu ibagiro, amahano akomeje guhagarara. Nuburyo butangaje, ibihumbi byingurube baricwa buri saha, ubuzima bwabo burazima mugihe cyurupfu rwurupfu no kurimbuka. Ubwinshi bwinyamaswa zitunganijwe bituma bidashoboka kwemeza urupfu rwumuntu kandi rutababaza kuri buri muntu.
Ubuhanga budasanzwe butangaje bwiyongera gusa kububabare bwinyamaswa, bigatuma ingurube nyinshi ari muzima kandi zifite ubwenge kuko zimanurwa mu kigega cyaka - uburakari bwa nyuma bugamije koroshya uruhu no gukuramo umusatsi. Inyandiko bwite za USDA zigaragaza ibihe bitangaje by’ihohoterwa ry’abantu, aho ingurube zasanze zigenda kandi zivuga nyuma yo gutungurwa inshuro nyinshi n'imbunda itangaje.
Konti z'abakozi bo mu ibagiro zitanga ishusho yerekana ukuri kw’inganda. Nubwo amabwiriza nubugenzuzi, inyamaswa zikomeje kubabazwa bidakenewe, induru zabo zumvikana muri salle kuko bafite ububabare niterabwoba bidashoboka.
Imbere yubugome nkubwo butavugwa, biratureba nkabantu bafite impuhwe zo guhamya imibabaro yaba bahohotewe batagira amajwi kandi bagasaba ko amahano yo kwicwa mu nganda arangira. Tugomba kwanga kumva ko inyamaswa ari ibicuruzwa gusa, bidakwiriye impuhwe zacu n'impuhwe. Icyo gihe ni bwo dushobora rwose gutangira kubaka umuryango urenganuye kandi w’ikiremwamuntu, aho uburenganzira n’icyubahiro by’ibinyabuzima byose byubahirizwa kandi bikarindwa.
Imyitwarire myiza
Urugendo rutesha umutwe ruva mu murima rugana ibagiro rutera impungenge zikomeye zijyanye no gufata neza inyamaswa mu nganda zitunganya inyama. Ingurube, kimwe nibiremwa byose bifite imyumvire, bifite ubushobozi bwo kubabara, ubwoba, namakuba. Imiterere yubumuntu nubuvuzi bahura nabyo mugihe cyo gutwara abantu birwanya imibereho yabo kandi bitera kwibaza kubijyanye numuco wo kurya ibicuruzwa biva mububabare nk'ubwo.
Byongeye kandi, ubwikorezi bw'ingurube bugaragaza ibibazo byinshi mu buhinzi bw’inganda, harimo gushyira imbere inyungu kuruta imibereho y’inyamaswa, kubungabunga ibidukikije, no gutekereza ku myitwarire. Imiterere yinganda zibyara umusaruro winyama akenshi bivamo ibicuruzwa byinyamanswa, bikagabanuka kubice byumusaruro aho kuba ibiremwa byiyumvo bikwiye kubahwa nimpuhwe.
