Urugendo rurerure rwo Kwica: Guhangayika no Kubabazwa mu Gutwara Amatungo

Ubwikorezi bw’inyamaswa, cyane cyane mu rugendo rugana ibagiro, ni ikintu gikomeye ariko akenshi cyirengagizwa mu nganda z’inyama. Inzira ikubiyemo gutwara amamiriyoni yinyamanswa buri mwaka ahantu harehare, akenshi bikabatera guhangayika bikabije. Iyi nyandiko iracengera mu bibazo bigoye bijyanye no gutwara inyamaswa, isuzuma umubare w’umubiri n’imitekerereze ifata ibiremwa bifite imyumvire.

Ukuri Kubijyanye no Gutwara Amatungo

Ukuri ko gutwara amatungo ni kure yamashusho idiliki akunze kugaragara mubikorwa byo kwamamaza cyangwa imvugo yinganda. Inyuma yibyo, urugendo ruva mu murima rugana ibagiro rwaranzwe n'ubugome, kutita ku mibabaro, n'imibabaro ku nyamaswa zitabarika. Inka, ingurube, inkoko, nibindi binyabuzima byiyumvamo kwihanganira imihangayiko myinshi no gufatwa nabi mugihe cyo gutwara, hasigara inzira y ihungabana ryumubiri na psychologiya.

Imwe mungaruka zikomeye inyamanswa zihura nazo mugihe cyo gutwara ni gutandukana gutunguranye nibimenyerewe hamwe nitsinda ryabantu. Bakuweho ihumure n'umutekano by'ubusho bwabo cyangwa umukumbi wabo, bajugunywa mu kajagari kandi katamenyerewe, bakikijwe n'urusaku rwinshi, amatara akaze, n'impumuro itamenyerewe. Uku guhungabana gutunguranye kurashobora gutera ubwoba no guhangayika, bikongera imiterere yabo isanzwe.

Gufata nabi abakozi byongera umubabaro w’izi nyamaswa. Aho gufata neza no kubitaho, bakorerwa urugomo nubugome batewe nabashinzwe kubitaho. Raporo y'abakozi bagenda hejuru yumubiri winyamaswa, kubatera imigeri no kubakubita kugirango bahate kugenda, birasanzwe. Ibikorwa nkibi ntibitera ububabare bwumubiri gusa ahubwo binatesha agaciro icyaricyo cyose cyizere cyangwa umutekano inyamaswa zishobora kuba zifite.

Ubucucike bukabije bwongera imiterere isanzwe kumodoka zitwara abantu. Inyamaswa zuzuye mu gikamyo cyangwa mu bikoresho, ntibishobora kugenda cyangwa kuruhuka neza. Bahatirwa kwihagararaho mu myanda yabo, biganisha ku bidukikije bidafite isuku kandi bibabaje. Hatabayeho guhumeka neza cyangwa kurinda ibintu, bahura nubushyuhe bukabije, bwaba ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubukonje bukonje, bikabangamira imibereho yabo.

Byongeye kandi, kutubahiriza amabwiriza n’ibipimo byongera ububabare bw’inyamaswa mugihe cyo gutwara. Amatungo arwaye kandi yakomeretse, nubwo abujijwe gutwara mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, akenshi usanga akorerwa ibintu bibi nka bagenzi babo bafite ubuzima bwiza. Urugendo rurerure kandi rutoroshye rwongera gusa ubuzima bwabo bumaze guhungabana, biganisha ku mibabaro nububabare.

Ibimenyetso byerekana ko bafashwe nabi kandi bakirengagizwa mugihe cyo gutwara amatungo birahangayikishije cyane kandi bisaba ko byihutirwa kandi bigakorwa. Imbaraga zo kubahiriza amabwiriza ariho zigomba gushimangirwa, hamwe n’ibihano bikaze ku ihohoterwa no kongera ubugenzuzi kugira ngo byubahirizwe. Byongeye kandi, abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda bagomba gushyira imbere imibereho y’inyamaswa no gushora mu bundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu bashyira imbere imibereho y’ibinyabuzima.

Ubwanyuma, ukuri kubyerekeye ubwikorezi bwinyamaswa nibutsa cyane ubugome no gukoreshwa byashyizwe mubikorwa byinyama. Nkabaguzi, dufite inshingano zumuco zo guhangana nukuri no gusaba impinduka. Muguharanira uburyo bwibiryo byimpuhwe nubupfura, turashobora gukora mugihe kizaza aho inyamaswa zitagikorerwa amahano yo gutwara no kubaga kure.

Inyamaswa nyinshi ntizirenza umwaka

Ikibazo cyinyamaswa zikiri nto zikorerwa intera ndende zigaragaza inenge zavutse nimyitwarire mibi ya sisitemu iriho. Akenshi, umwaka umwe gusa cyangwa muto, ibyo biremwa byugarijwe birahatirwa kwihanganira ingendo zitoroshye zikora ibirometero ibihumbi, byose mwizina ryinyungu kandi byoroshye.

Ubwoba kandi butayobewe, izi nyamaswa zikiri nto zihura ningutu zingutu kandi zidashidikanywaho kuva zipakirwa mumodoka zitwara abantu. Bitandukanijwe na ba nyina hamwe nibidukikije bamenyereye bakiri bato, bajugunywa mu isi y'akajagari no kwitiranya ibintu. Ibyerekezo n'amajwi yuburyo bwo gutwara abantu, bifatanije no guhora no kwifungisha, bikora gusa kubatera ubwoba no guhangayika.

Abakozi bakubita, gukubita, gukurura, n'amashanyarazi

Inkuru ziteye ubwoba z’abakozi bakorerwa inyamaswa n’ihohoterwa ry’umubiri n’ubugome mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu birahungabanya cyane kandi bishimangira ko byihutirwa kuvugururwa mu nganda z’inyama. Kuva gukubita no gukubita, gukurura no gukurura amashanyarazi, ibyo bikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi bitera imibabaro itagira ingano ku bantu bafite imyumvire isanzwe yihanganira imihangayiko n’ihungabana ry’urugendo rurerure.

Ikibazo cy’inyamaswa zikiri nto, cyane cyane, kirababaza umutima kuko bakorerwa ubuvuzi buteye ubwoba mubuzima bwabo bubi. Aho gufata neza no kubitaho, bajugunywa, bagakubitwa, bakanirukanwa ku modoka zitwara abantu, induru yabo y’akababaro yirengagijwe n’abashinzwe imibereho yabo. Gukoresha amashanyarazi kugirango uhatire kubahiriza byongera ububabare bwabo nubwoba, bigatuma bahahamuka kandi batishoboye.

Ikirenzeho cyane ni ukutita ku mibereho y’inyamaswa zakomeretse cyangwa zirwaye, akenshi bahatirwa ku makamyo bakajyanwa ku byambu ku ngendo zo mu mahanga nubwo bameze nabi. Uku kwirengagiza byimazeyo imibabaro yabo ntabwo byamaganwa gusa ahubwo binanyuranya nigitekerezo icyo aricyo cyose cyimpuhwe zimpuhwe nimpuhwe zifatika kubiremwa bifite imyumvire.

Imyitozo yo gupakira amatungo yakomeretse cyangwa arwaye kumato kugirango atwarwe mumahanga arakabije, kuko yamagana ibyo biremwa byugarijwe nububabare ndetse n’urupfu. Aho kugira ngo bahabwe ubuvuzi no kuvurwa bakeneye cyane, bakoreshwa mu nyungu kugira ngo babone inyungu, ubuzima bwabo bufatwa nk'ubukoresha mu gushaka inyungu mu bukungu.

Ubugome nkubu no kwirengagiza nta mwanya bifite muri societe yateye imbere kandi bisaba ko byihutirwa kandi bikabibazwa. Imbaraga zo kurwanya ihohoterwa ry’inyamaswa mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu zigomba kuba zikubiyemo kubahiriza amategeko asanzweho, kongera ibihano ku barenze, no gukorera mu mucyo mu nganda. Byongeye kandi, gahunda zuzuye zamahugurwa kubakozi, zishimangira imyitwarire yubumuntu no kwita kubantu, ni ngombwa kugirango hirindwe izindi ngero zubugome no gufatwa nabi.

Inyamaswa zigenda iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru mbere yo kubagwa

Urugendo rurerure rwihanganwe ninyamaswa mbere yo kugera aho baheruka kubagwa ni gihamya yubugome busanzwe no kutita ku mibereho yabo munganda zinyama. Yaba itwarwa mumahanga cyangwa hakurya yumupaka, ibyo biremwa bifite amarangamutima bikorerwa imibabaro idashoboka kandi ikirengagizwa, ikamara iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru byurugendo rutoroshye mubihe bibi.

Amatungo atwarwa mumahanga akenshi agarukira kumato ashaje adafite ibikoresho bihagije kugirango abone ibyo akeneye. Ibyo bikoresho ntibibura guhumeka neza no kugenzura ubushyuhe, bigatera inyamaswa ubushyuhe bukabije n’ibidukikije bikabije. Imyanda irundarunda hasi, bigatera ibihe bidasanzwe kandi byangiza inyamaswa, zihatirwa guhagarara cyangwa kuryama mumyanda yazo mugihe cyurugendo.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iperereza ryakozwe ku makamyo atwara abantu mu bihugu bitandukanye ryagaragaje ko ibintu bitangaje ku nyamaswa zigiye kubaga. Muri Mexico, inyamaswa zisigaye zihagarara mu myanda no mu nkari, nyinshi ziranyerera kandi zigwa. Kubura ibisenge kuri aya makamyo bituma inyamaswa zihura nibintu, haba ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa imvura idasanzwe, bikarushaho kubabaza imibabaro yabo.

Muri Amerika, amabwiriza ateganya ko abashoferi bagomba guhagarara buri masaha 28 kugirango baha inyamaswa ikiruhuko cyurugendo rutoroshye. Nyamara, iri tegeko risanzwe ryubahirizwa, inyamaswa zihatirwa kwihanganira igihe kirekire cyo kwifungisha nta buruhukiro cyangwa ubutabazi buhagije. Kwirengagiza byimazeyo imibereho yabo byerekana kunanirwa muri gahunda mu nganda kandi bishimangira ko byihutirwa gukurikizwa mu buryo bunoze amabwiriza ariho.

Umubare w'impfu ziri hejuru mugihe cyo gutwara abantu

Umubare w'abana bapfa wiyongera mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu, hamwe na miliyoni z'inyamaswa muri Amerika zonyine zaguye mu kubura umwuma, guhangayika bikabije, inzara, gukomeretsa, cyangwa indwara bitewe n'ibihe bibi bahura nabyo.

Mu bihe byo gutwara abantu bikomoka mu Burayi, inyamaswa zirimbuka mbere yo kugera aho zigenewe akenshi zihura n'ikibazo kibi. Bakunze gutabwa hejuru yubwato bwerekeza mu nyanja, ibyo birabujijwe ariko birasanzwe. Ikibabaje ni uko imirambo y’izi nyamaswa ikaraba cyane ku nkombe z’i Burayi, n'amatwi yatemaguwe kugira ngo akureho ibimenyetso biranga. Aya mayeri mabi abuza abayobozi gukurikirana inkomoko y’inyamaswa kandi bikabuza kumenyekanisha ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi.

Amatungo aricwa nyuma yo kugera iyo yerekeza 

Iyo inyamanswa zimaze kugera aho ziherereye, inyamaswa zihura n’akaga gakomeye mu gihe abakozi birukana ku gahato abantu bakomeretse mu gikamyo bakabayobora mu ibagiro. Iyo bimaze kwinjira muri ibyo bikoresho, ibintu biteye ubwoba bigenda bigaragara nkibikoresho bitangaje bikunze gukora nabi, bigatuma inyamaswa zimenya neza nkuko umuhogo waciwe.

Urugendo ku nyamaswa zimwe na zimwe zoherejwe ziva mu Burayi zijya mu burasirazuba bwo hagati zifata intera ibabaje igihe zagerageje gutoroka, bikaviramo kugwa mu mazi. Ndetse nabakijijwe mubyabaye nkibi usanga bagenewe kubagwa, aho bihanganira urupfu rutinze kandi rubabaza, kuva amaraso kugeza gupfa mugihe babizi neza.

Niki Nshobora Gufasha?

Amatungo yarezwe akanabagwa kugirango abantu barye, nk'inka, ingurube, inkoko, n'inkoko, bafite imyumvire. Bafite ubumenyi bwibidukikije kandi barashobora kugira ububabare, inzara, inyota, hamwe n amarangamutima nkubwoba, guhangayika, nububabare.

Uburinganire bw’inyamaswa bukomeje kwiyemeza guharanira amategeko akuraho ibikorwa byubugome. Mugihe kimwe, abaguzi bakoresha imbaraga zo kugira ingaruka nziza kubinyamaswa. Muguhindura ibiryo byacu kugirango dushyiremo amahitamo yimpuhwe nyinshi, nko guhitamo ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera kuruta ibikomoka ku nyamaswa, dushobora kugira uruhare mu kugabanya ububabare bw’inyamaswa nkingurube, inka, ninkoko.

Ndagutera inkunga yo gutekereza kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho ibiryo bikomoka ku nyamaswa mu biryo byawe. Mugabanye ibyifuzo byinyama, amagi, cyangwa amata, turashobora gukuraho ibikenewe byo kugaburira inyamaswa kubintu bibi.